scholarly journals Analysis of Glucosinolate Content, Composition and Expression Level of Biosynthesis Pathway Genes in Different Chinese Kale Varieties

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Lu Tong ◽  
Shanhan Cheng ◽  
Honghao Lv ◽  
Chengzhi Zhao ◽  
Jie Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Indole Glucosinolates ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Aliphatic Glucosinolates ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Main Components

The content and component of glucosinolates in edible stems and leaves of eight Chinese kale varieties from Japan and eight varieties from China were determined by HPLC-MS. Simultaneously, the expression levels of glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway genes from four varieties with high and low total glucosinolate contents were analyzed by the qRT-PCR method. Four types of aliphatic glucosinolates (A-GLSs: GRA, SIN, GNA and GER) and indole glucosinolates (I-GLSs: 4-HGBS, GBS, 4-MGBS and NGBS) were detected in the stems and leaves of 16 varieties, and no aromatic glucosinolates (R-GLSs) were detected. A-GLSs account for more than 80.69% of the total content of total glucosinolates (T-GLSs), in which GNA and GRA are the main components of stems and leaves. Among Japanese varieties, QB1 has higher content of A- and T-GLSs, while that of XLB was lower; however, the corresponding varieties were ZH and DSHH in Chinese varieties. Among the above four varieties, the expression levels of SOT16, CYP83B1, SOT17, CYP83A1 and MAM1 genes were significantly higher in the varieties with higher GLSs; the expression levels of SOT16 and CYP83B1 were consistent with the content of I-GLSs; and SOT17, CYP83A1 and MAM1 expression levels were consistent with A-GLSs content. At the same time, the expression levels of SOT16 and CYP83B1 in the leaves were higher than those in the stems. CYP83A1 and MAM1 genes were less expressed in the leaves than in the stems of lower content varieties. It is speculated that these genes may be the key genes regulating GLS biosynthesis in Chinese kale.

scholarly journals Analysis of Processing Effects on Glucosinolate Profiles in Red Cabbage by LC-MS/MS in Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mode

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5171
Author(s):  
Weicheng Wu ◽  
Jingqiu Chen ◽  
Dandan Yu ◽  
Shiguo Chen ◽  
Xingqian Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Indole Glucosinolates ◽  
Aliphatic Glucosinolates ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mode ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Processing Effects ◽  
To Receive

Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) continues to receive increasing attention on its health-promoting properties because of its high glucosinolate content. Glucosinolates are an unstable active substance; however, there are few studies on their changes in different cooking processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of processing methods (boiling, steaming, microwave heating, frying, stir-frying) and boiling time on glucosinolates in red cabbage. Ten glucosinolates, including 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, glucoalyssin, glucobrassicin, glucoraphanin, glucoiberin, progoitrin, gluconapin and sinigrin, in red cabbage were detected. Decreases of 32.36%, 24.83%, 25.27%, 81.11% and 84.29% for total glucosinolates were observed after boiling, microwaving, steaming, frying and stir-frying. Indole glucosinolates were more efficiently lost compared to aliphatic glucosinolates after boiling, while microwaving, steaming, frying and stir-frying also resulted in a greater reduction in indole glucosinolates than aliphatic glucosinolates. Glucoalyssin, glucoerucin and sinigrin were more thermal sensitive than other glucosinolates. It was confirmed that microwaving and steaming retained higher levels of glucosinolates than other methods and may be better for cooking red cabbage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Putative Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems and Lon Protease Expression in Shigella flexneri Following Infection of Caco-2 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erfan Kheradmand ◽  
Shabnam Razavi ◽  
Malihe Talebi ◽  
Mahmood Jamshidian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lon Protease ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Pcr Method

: Shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery in developing countries. Due to recent reports regarding antimicrobial resistance in human S. flexneri, finding alternative therapeutics is of vital importance. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have recently been introduced as antimicrobial targets owing to their involvement in bacterial survival in stress conditions and “persister” cell formation. In this study, the presence of four TA loci were studied in S. flexneri ATCC 12022. The presence of genes coding for the identified TA loci and Lon protease were confirmed by the PCR method using specific primers. Caco-2 cell lines were then infected with this standard strain, and 8 and 24 h post-infection, expression levels of genes coding for the studied TA loci, and Lon protease were evaluated using a real-time PCR method. Expression of mazF, GNAT (Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase), yeeU, pfam13975, and Lon genes showed 5.4, 9.8, 2.3, 2.7, and 13.8-fold increase, respectively, 8 h after bacterial invasion of the Caco-2 cell line. In addition, the expression of the aforementioned genes showed 4.8, 10.8, 2.3, 3.7, and 16.8-fold increase after 24 h. The GNAT and lon genes showed significantly higher expression levels compared to the control (P value < 0.05). However, the increase in the expression level of yeeU was the same at 8 h and 24 h post-infection. In addition, mazF expression level showed a slight decrease at 24 h compared to 8h post-infection. Genes coding for GNAT and Lon protease showed a significantly higher expression after invading the Caco-2 cell line. Therefore, targeting GNAT or Lon protease can be taken into consideration for finding novel antimicrobial drug strategies. The exact functions and mechanisms of TA systems in S. flexneri isolates are suggested to be experimentally determined.

scholarly journals Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three Glucosinolate Transporter (GTR) Genes from Chinese Kale

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Ding Jiang ◽  
Jianjun Lei ◽  
Bihao Cao ◽  
Siyuan Wu ◽  
Guoju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Different Tissues

Chinese kale is a native vegetable in Southern China and the flowering stalk is the most commonly used edible part due to its high glucosinolate content and other nutritional qualities. The GTR protein played important roles in the glucosinolate transport process. In this study, three BocGTR1 genes were cloned from Chinese kale for the first time. Their gene structure, physicochemical properties, signal peptides, transmembrane structures, functional domains, second and third-order protein structures, and phylogenetic relationships were predicted. The expression levels of BocGTR1a and BocGTR1c were much higher than those of BocGTR1b in various tissues, especially in leaves and buds. In addition, the expression patterns of three genes were examined under various abiotic stresses or hormone treatment, including those induced by wounding, heat stress, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, salt, and MgCl2 treatment. BocGTR1a and BocGTR1c were strongly induced by wounding and heat stress. The expression of BocGTR1a and BocGTR1c was significantly silenced in plants transformed by RNAi technology. Total glucosinolate content was significantly decreased in mature leaves and increased in roots of RNAi-transformed plants compared to wild-type plants. In addition, we found that BocGTR1a and BocGTR1c may participate in glucosinolate accumulation in different tissues with a selection for specific glucosinolates. These results indicated that BocGTR1a and BocGTR1c may be the key genes involved in the glucosinolate accumulation in different tissues of Chinese kale.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Composition of Three Mahonia Plants Based on GC-MS Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01125
Author(s):  
Haitao Guo ◽  
Xiaoming Xue ◽  
Chenghui Nan ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
Zehui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Triphenylphosphine Oxide ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Mahonia Bealei ◽  
Material Evidence

Plant material evidence inspection is Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr., Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) and Mahonia bodinieri Gagnep. are three common medicinal plants commonly found in Mahonia. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to compare the chemical constituents of stems and leaves of these three plants. The results showed that 6 of the volatile oils of the three plant species contained the same chemical composition, which was neophytadiene, palmitic acid, n-dodecane, octacosane, erucamide, and vitamin E oil, but the percentage content was difference. The main components of the volatile oils of the three plant stems were different. Erucamide was only detected in Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) Fedde, oleic acid amide only detected in Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. , and oxidized cyclooctene , and four compounds such as triphenylphosphine oxide was detected in Mahonia bodinieri Gagnep. ..

scholarly journals Cadmium Treatment Alters the Expression of Five Genes at theCda1Locus in Two Soybean Cultivars [Glycine Max(L.) Merr]

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Xue Xiao ◽  
Tiequan Zhang ◽  
Houyang Kang ◽  
Jian Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Life Process ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Cadmium Treatment ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Westag 97 has larger capacity of Cd accumulation in roots which prevents Cd from translocating into stems and leaves; conversely, AC Hime has smaller capacity of Cd accumulation in roots; more Cd is transported into stems and leaves. The different capacity of Cd in roots between Westag 97 and AC Hime causes the different Cd concentration in seeds. Meanwhile, according to the different expression levels of RSTK, ISCP, and H+-ATPase between Westag 97 and AC Hime, RSTK may be involved in transporting Cd into stems and leaves; H+-ATPase may be correlated to the capacity of Cd accumulation in roots; and Cd caused some changes of fundamental life process which leaded to the different expression patterns of ISCP between Westag 97 and AC Hime.

GLUCOSINOLATE CONTENT OF DEVELOPING RAPESEED (Brassica napus L. ’Midas’) SEEDLINGS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. McGREGOR
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Indole Glucosinolates ◽  
Indole Glucosinolate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Parts

The content of aliphatic, aromatic and indole glucosinolates were measured in the roots, hypocotyl, cotyledons and leaves of the high glucosinolate Brassica napus cultivar Midas over the first 10–14 d after seeding. For seedlings grown in light from emergence, glucosinolate content declined slightly then increased. Increase in the indole glucosinolate content of the shoot (hypocotyl and cotyledons) was caused by an increase in 3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate. When seedlings were confined to darkness for either 6 or 10 d after seeding, 3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate did not increase. The content of 4-hydroxy-3-indolylmethyl the dominant glucosinolate in the seed, declined in both light and dark grown seedlings. The individual glucosinolates in different parts of the seedling appeared to vary independently and to be related to development of specific organs or tissues. The complexity and relative rapidity with which amounts of the individual glucosinolates changed suggests the existence of an intricate metabolic control.Key words: Rapeseed, Brassica napus L., Cruciferae, glucosinolate, seedling development

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND EXPRESSION OF STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasionodon hypophtalmus) GROWTH HORMONE GENE (PhGH) IN THE ORGAN OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) TRANSGENIC FOUNDER

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Huria Marnis ◽  
Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni Dewi ◽  
Imron Imron ◽  
Bambang Iswanto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Stomach Muscle ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Striped Catfish ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
High Level

Faster growing African catfish can be produced by transgenesis. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution and expression of growth hormone gene (PhGH) in various organs of the transgenic African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) founder (F0). Transgene was detected using the PCR method in various organs, namely pituitary, brain, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, intestine, stomach, muscle, caudal fin, gill and eye. Transgene expression levels were analyzed using the method of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), -actin gene used as internal controls. The results showed that the PhGH was detected and expressed in all organs of the transgenic African catfish founder. The high level of PhGH expression was found in the liver, pituitary, intestine and brain; smaller amounts were detectable in muscle, spleen, kidneys, heart, and stomach, caudal fin, gill and eyes, range from 0.02-0.75 PhGH/-actin mRNA. The expression levels of PhGH had positive correlation with tissue and body size (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Transformation With a JrVTE1 Gene for Tocopherol Cyclase Increasing the Content Of Total Tocopherol in Sour Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.var. spinosus Hu.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Guan Qiuzhu ◽  
Sun Hongyan ◽  
Sun Qingrong
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Total Tocopherol ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Zizyphus Jujuba ◽  
Tocopherol Cyclase ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) plays a key role in promoting the production of tocopherol and increasing vitamin E content in plants. JrVTE1 gene isolated and cloned from walnut was transformed into genome of sour jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosus Hu.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Putative transgenic lines were checked by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The content of tocopherol of the transgenic plants were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Compared to the non-transgenic sour jujube plants, the total content of tocopherol in transgenic plants was markedly increased in all tested tissues including the stems and leaves.

Microstructural analysis of cooked sausages with spelt flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Bal-Prylypko ◽  
◽  
V. T. Khomych ◽  
S. I. Usenko ◽  
V. M. Israelian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Minced Meat

In a market economy, it is especially important to produce and provide the population with competitive, high-quality, and safe food products. Quite common meat products in the diet of every person are products from the boiled sausage group, including sausages. It is known that spelt flour contains a large amount of protein – 17.4%, the total content of dietary fiber – 14.3%, richer vitamin and mineral composition. Due to its valuable chemical composition, spelt flour is a promising raw material of plant origin, designed to improve meat products. Therefore, the purpose of the work was to find out the peculiarities of the structure formation in cooked sausages and the microstructure of their components that occur during technological processing when adding spelt flour to sausage mince, by histological methods of research, which substantiate the microstructural analysis of the control and experimental samples. The article highlights the results of studying the microstructural analysis of sausages with the addition of spelt flour, which affects the structure formation in cooked sausages during technological processing. The article presents drawings of sections from the control and experimental samples under the microscope. The main components of cut minced meat containing spelt flour, which was added in order to introduce new high-tech solutions that will be competitive not only in the Ukrainian but also in the European market, were studied and analyzed. It was established that with the help of histological examinations, which form the basis of microstructural analysis, it is possible to clearly identify all minced meat components from which sausages are made.

Flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Stems and Leaves Regulate the Brain Tau Hyperphosphorylation at M|ultiple Sites Induced by Composited Aβ in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhen Shang ◽  
Shengkai Ding
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Injection ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Background: Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), formed by hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the main pathomechanisms of neuronal degeneration, which can be used as a sign of brain disorder. It is positively correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment in AD. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves flavonoids (SSF) on the hyperphosphorylated expression levels at multiple sites of Tau protein induced by β-amyloid protein 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in combined with aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1 (RHTGF-β1) (composited Aβ) in rats. Methods: The model of rats for AD was established by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 and AlCl3 combined with RHTGF-β1. On day 45 after the operation, the Morris water maze was used to screen the rats’ memory impairment model for AD. The successful model rats were randomly divided into the model group and three-dose of drug group. The drug group rats were daily and orally SSF administrated for 38 days. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of P-Tau (Thr181), P-Tau (Thr217), P-Tau (Thr231), P-Tau (Ser199), P-Tau (Ser235), P-Tau (Ser396) and P-Tau (Ser404) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats. Results: Compared with the sham group, the protein expression of P-Tau (Thr181), P-Tau (Thr217), P-Tau (Thr231), P-Tau (Ser199), P-Tau (Ser235), P-Tau (Ser396) and P-Tau (Ser404) was significantly increased in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the model group (P < 0.01). However, the three doses of 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg SSF regulated the expression of phosphorylated Tau protein at the above sites to varying degrees in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex (P < 0.01) induced by composited Aβ. Conclusion: SSF can significantly reduce the protein expression levels of P-Tau (Thr181), P-Tau (Thr217), P-Tau (Thr231), P-Tau (Ser199), P-Tau (Ser235), P-Tau (Ser396) and P-Tau (Ser404) in rats’ brain induced by the intracerebroventricular injection of composited Aβ. These results demonstrated that the neuro-protection and the impaired memory improvement of SSF were due to the inhibition for the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein at multiple sites.

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