scholarly journals Curcumin, Cardiometabolic Health and Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoona Kim ◽  
Peter Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

Current research indicates curcumin [diferuloylmethane; a polyphenolic compound isolated from the rhizomes of the dietary spice turmeric (Curcuma longa)] exerts a beneficial effect on health which may be partly attributable to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this review is to examine potential mechanisms of the actions of curcumin in both animal and human studies. Curcumin modulates relevant molecular target pathways to improve glucose and lipid metabolism, suppress inflammation, stimulate antioxidant enzymes, facilitate insulin signalling and reduce gut permeability. Curcumin also inhibits Aβ and tau accumulation in animal models and enhances mitochondria and synaptic function. In conclusion, in high-dose animal studies and in vitro, curcumin exerts a potential beneficial effect on cardiometabolic disease. However, human studies are relatively unconvincing. More intervention studies should be conducted with the new curcumin formulation with improved oral bioavailability.

Protective Effect of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables on Breast Cancer: Epidemiological and Preclinical Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suong N.T. Ngo ◽  
Desmond B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Breast Cancer Survival ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables

Background: The effect of cruciferous vegetable intake on breast cancer survival is controversial at present. Glucosinolates are the naturally occurring constituents found across the cruciferous vegetables. Isothiocyanates are produced from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates and this reaction is catalysed by the plant-derived enzyme myrosinase. The main isothiocyanates (ITCs) from cruciferous vegetables are sulforaphane, benzyl ITC, and phenethyl ITC, which had been intensively investigated over the last decade for their antibreast cancer effects. Objective: The aim of this article is to systematically review the evidence from all types of studies, which examined the protective effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their isothiocyanate constituents on breast cancer. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 27 April 2020. Peerreviewed studies of all types (in vitro studies, animal studies, and human studies) were selected. Results: The systematic literature search identified 16 human studies, 4 animal studies, and 65 in vitro studies. The effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their ITCs intake on breast cancer survival was found to be controversial and varied greatly across human studies. Most of these trials were observational studies conducted in specific regions, mainly in the US and China. Substantial evidence from in vitro and animal studies was obtained, which strongly supported the protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs against breast cancer. Evidence from in vitro studies showed sulforaphane and other ITCs reduced cancer cell viability and proliferation via multiple mechanisms and pathways. Isothiocyanates inhibited cell cycle, angiogenesis and epithelial mesenchymal transition, as well as induced apoptosis and altered the expression of phase II carcinogen detoxifying enzymes. These are the essential pathways which promote the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. Noticeably, benzyl ITC showed a significant inhibitory effect on breast cancer stem cells, a new dimension of chemoresistance in breast cancer treatment. Sulforaphane and other ITCs displayed anti-breast cancer effects at variable range of concentrations and benzyl isothiocyanate appeared to have a relatively smallest inhibitory concentration IC50. The mechanisms underlying the cancer protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs have also been highlighted in this article. Conclusion: Current preclinical evidence strongly supports the role of sulforaphane and other ITCs as potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer, either as adjunct therapy or combined therapy with current anti-breast cancer drugs, with sulforaphane appeared to display the greatest potential.

scholarly journals Effects of Diet on Brain Plasticity in Animal and Human Studies: Mind the Gap

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tytus Murphy ◽  
Gisele Pereira Dias ◽  
Sandrine Thuret
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
The Impact

Dietary interventions have emerged as effective environmental inducers of brain plasticity. Among these dietary interventions, we here highlight the impact of caloric restriction (CR: a consistent reduction of total daily food intake), intermittent fasting (IF, every-other-day feeding), and diet supplementation with polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on markers of brain plasticity in animal studies. Moreover, we also discuss epidemiological and intervention studies reporting the effects of CR, IF and dietary polyphenols and PUFAs on learning, memory, and mood. In particular, we evaluate the gap in mechanistic understanding between recent findings from animal studies and those human studies reporting that these dietary factors can benefit cognition, mood, and anxiety, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease—with focus on the enhancement of structural and functional plasticity markers in the hippocampus, such as increased expression of neurotrophic factors, synaptic function and adult neurogenesis. Lastly, we discuss some of the obstacles to harnessing the promising effects of diet on brain plasticity in animal studies into effective recommendations and interventions to promote healthy brain function in humans. Together, these data reinforce the important translational concept that diet, a modifiable lifestyle factor, holds the ability to modulate brain health and function.

scholarly journals Potential of Moringa oleifera to Improve Glucose Control for the Prevention of Diabetes and Related Metabolic Alterations: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Nova ◽  
Noemí Redondo-Useros ◽  
Rosa M. Martínez-García ◽  
Sonia Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Ligia E. Díaz-Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes

Moringa oleifera (MO) is a multipurpose plant consumed as food and known for its medicinal uses, among others. Leaves, seeds and pods are the main parts used as food or food supplements. Nutritionally rich and with a high polyphenol content in the form of phenolic acids, flavonoids and glucosinolates, MO has been shown to exert numerous in vitro activities and in vivo effects, including hypoglycemic activity. A systematic search was carried out in the PubMed database and reference lists on the effects of MO on glucose metabolism. Thirty-three animal studies and eight human studies were included. Water and organic solvent extracts of leaves and, secondly, seeds, have been extensively assayed in animal models, showing the hypoglycemic effect, both under acute conditions and in long-term administrations and also prevention of other metabolic changes and complications associated to the hyperglycemic status. In humans, clinical trials are scarce, with variable designs and testing mainly dry leaf powder alone or mixed with other foods or MO aqueous preparations. Although the reported results are encouraging, especially those from postprandial studies, more human studies are certainly needed with more stringent inclusion criteria and a sufficient number of diabetic or prediabetic subjects. Moreover, trying to quantify the bioactive substances administered with the experimental material tested would facilitate comparison between studies.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Protein 72 Expressing Stress in Sepsis: Unbridgeable Gap between Animal and Human Studies—A Hypothetical “Comparative” Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Briassoulis ◽  
Efrossini Briassouli ◽  
Diana-Michaela Fitrolaki ◽  
Ioanna Plati ◽  
Kleovoulos Apostolou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 72

Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) exhibits a protective role during times of increased risk of pathogenic challenge and/or tissue damage. The aim of the study was to ascertain Hsp72 protective effect differences between animal and human studies in sepsis using a hypothetical “comparative study” model. Forty-one in vivo (56.1%), in vitro (17.1%), or combined (26.8%) animal and 14 in vivo (2) or in vitro (12) human Hsp72 studies (P<0.0001) were enrolled in the analysis. Of the 14 human studies, 50% showed a protective Hsp72 effect compared to 95.8% protection shown in septic animal studies (P<0.0001). Only human studies reported Hsp72-associated mortality (21.4%) or infection (7.1%) or reported results (14.3%) to be nonprotective (P<0.001). In animal models, any Hsp72 induction method tried increased intracellular Hsp72 (100%), compared to 57.1% of human studies (P<0.02), reduced proinflammatory cytokines (28/29), and enhanced survival (18/18). Animal studies show a clear Hsp72 protective effect in sepsis. Human studies are inconclusive, showing either protection or a possible relation to mortality and infections. This might be due to the fact that using evermore purified target cell populations in animal models, a lot of clinical information regarding the net response that occurs in sepsis is missing.

scholarly journals Review on Corosolic Acid:Based on Various Pharmaceutical Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Cheolin Park ◽  
Jae Sik LEE's
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpene ◽  
Triterpene Acid ◽  
Lagerstroemia Speciosa ◽  
Corosolic Acid

  Corosolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene acid found in banaba leaves, Lagerstroemia speciosa which is similar in structure to useful pharmaceutical material such as ursolic acid and has been reported to have beneficial activities, as found in in vitro and several animal studies including human studies, particularly due to its effects on lowering of blood sugar. This review paper is focused on various pharmaceutical effects including decreasing of blood sugar of corosolic acid from published articels and can be helpful on the understanding of those effects which can be appliable on maintenace and treatment against several diseas        

scholarly journals In vitro analyses of Artemisia extracts on Plasmodium falciparum suggest a complex antimalarial effect

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0240874
Author(s):  
Brian M. Gruessner ◽  
Pamela J. Weathers
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ring Stage ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Antimalarial Therapy

Dried-leaf Artemisia annua L. (DLA) antimalarial therapy was shown effective in prior animal and human studies, but little is known about its mechanism of action. Here IC50s and ring-stage assays (RSAs) were used to compare extracts of A. annua (DLAe) to artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives in their ability to inhibit and kill Plasmodium falciparum strains 3D7, MRA1252, MRA1240, Cam3.11 and Cam3.11rev in vitro. Strains were sorbitol and Percoll synchronized to enrich for ring-stage parasites that were treated with hot water, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of DLA, artemisinin, CoArtem™, and dihydroartemisinin. Extracts of A. afra SEN were also tested. There was a correlation between ART concentration and inhibition of parasite growth. Although at 6 hr drug incubation, the RSAs for Cam3.11rev showed DLA and ART were less effective than high dose CoArtem™, 8 and 24 hr incubations yielded equivalent antiparasitic results. For Cam3.11, drug incubation time had no effect. DLAe was more effective on resistant MRA-1240 than on the sensitive MRA-1252 strain. Because results were not as robust as observed in animal and human studies, a host interaction was suspected, so sera collected from adult and pediatric Kenyan malaria patients was used in RSA inhibition experiments and compared to sera from adults naïve to the disease. The sera from both age groups of malaria patients inhibited parasite growth ≥ 70% after treatment with DLAe and compared to malaria naïve subjects suggesting some host interaction with DLA. The discrepancy between these data and in-vivo reports suggested that DLA’s effects require an interaction with the host to unlock their potential as an antimalarial therapy. Although we showed there are serum-based host effects that can kill up to 95% of parasites in vitro, it remains unclear how or if they play a role in vivo. These results further our understanding of how DLAe works against the malaria parasite in vitro.

scholarly journals Food Bioactives: Impact on Brain and Cardiometabolic Health—Findings from In Vitro to Human Studies

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Nenad Naumovski ◽  
Domenico Sergi
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Food Seeking

Modern society is currently (and probably more than ever) immersed in the changing concept of food, seeking the beneficial functions of foods rather than only as a mean to quench hunger and support basic nutritional needs [...]

scholarly journals Curcumin: The miraculous golden ingredient of Indian saffron

2016 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Indrani Kalkan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neuronal Tissues ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background: Indian Saffron (Curcuma longa) also called turmeric; has been consumed for centuries by people as a dietary component and used in the traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases in India, China and South East Asia. Curcumin (diferuloyl methane), the main yellow bioactive pigment in turmeric has been shown to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. Purpose of study: The present review was performed to evaluate the molecular mechanism of action and role of Curcumin in health and disease. Sources of evidence: The literature search was conducted using Sciencedirect, Medline, Scopus data bases, 26 studies were included in this review. Main arguement: Animal studies with curcumin exhibited its digestive and anti- ulcer role through its excess production of mucin, bile, and digestive enzymes. Curcumin is effective in preventing cognitive impairment in Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease and other oxidative stress related pathologies due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory roles. It has been suggested that the ability of curcumin to quench free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in its protective role towards neuronal tissues against toxic chemicals as Manganese. Anticancer effect is mainly mediated through apoptosis of cancer cell lines. Clinically curcumin is used to reduce post-operative inflammation. Conclusions: Safety evaluation studies indicate that both turmeric and curcumin are well tolerated at a high dose without any toxic effects and therefore, have the potential for the development of modern medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Key words: Curcumin, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory.

Antioxidant Activity of Olive Polyphenols in Humans: a Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Raederstorff
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
In Vitro Assays

In vitro and animal studies show that polyphenols from olives have potent antioxidant activities; 50 % of the phenolic compounds contained in olives and virgin olive oil are hydroxytyrosol and derivatives thereof. Hydroxytyrosol is the major olive polyphenol consumed and well absorbed in humans. It is considered to have the highest antioxidant potency compared to the other olive polyphenols. Review of the human intervention studies showed that olive polyphenols decreased the levels of oxidized-LDL in plasma and positively affected several biomarkers of oxidative damage. The antioxidant effects of olive polyphenols on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation are observed after a dietary intake of about 10 mg per day. The overall evidence from in vitro assays, and animal and human studies support the antioxidant effect of olive polyphenols. However, further larger human studies are needed to clarify the effect of olive polyphenols on markers of oxidative stress, particularly DNA damage and plasma isoprostane levels.

Effects of oats on gastrointestinal health as assessed by in vitro, animal, and human studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-363
Author(s):  
Renee Korczak ◽  
Megan Kocher ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pubmed Database

Abstract Oats are uniquely nutritious, owing to their composition of bioactive compounds, lipids, and β-glucan. Scientific research has established that oats can improve diet quality, reduce cholesterol, regulate satiety, and protect against carcinogenesis in the colon; however, determining the effects of oats on gastrointestinal health and the gut microbiome is a newer, evolving area of research. To better understand the effects of oats on gastrointestinal health in humans, a literature review with predefined search criteria was conducted using the PubMed database and keywords for common gastrointestinal health outcomes. Moreover, to examine the gastrointestinal effects of oats across the scientific spectrum, a similar search strategy was executed to identify animal studies. In vitro studies were identified from the reference lists of human and animal studies. A total of 8 human studies, 19 animal studies, and 5 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The evidence in humans shows beneficial effects of oats on gastrointestinal health, with supportive evidence provided by in vitro and animal studies. The effective dose of oats varies by type, although an amount providing 2.5 to 2.9 g of β-glucan per day was shown to decrease fecal pH and alter fecal bacteria. For oat bran, 40 to 100 g/d was shown to increase fecal bacterial mass and short-chain fatty acids in humans. Differences in study design, methodology, and type of oats tested make valid comparisons difficult. The identification of best practices for the design of oat studies should be a priority in future research, as the findings will be useful for determining how oats influence specific indices of gastrointestinal health, including the composition of the human gut microbiome.

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