scholarly journals Effect of Subsidies and Tax Deductions on Promoting the Construction of Long-Life Quality Houses in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken’ichi Matsumoto ◽  
Yuki Yamamoto ◽  
Nao Ohya
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Tax Deductions ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Local Levels

Securing a quantity of houses for citizens has been the priority of housing policies in Japan. However, these policies shifted from quantity to quality in the 21st century, including the promotion of “long-life quality housing (LLQH)”, which contributes to a sustainable and healthy society for the residential sector. Since then, various policies have been introduced at the national and prefectural (local) levels to promote the construction of LLQH. Using panel data for 47 prefectures across seven years, this study aims to analyze the factors that Japanese households choose when constructing LLQH. Although various research on LLQH and similar housing exists, this study is the first attempt to empirically explore the factors that promote LLQH. We found that policy measures covering only LLQH were generally effective in promoting the construction of LLQH, and these policy measures were more effective than those covering both LLQH and other types of housing. National-level measures tended to be effective, whereas prefectural-level measures were not. Furthermore, although the effects of individual measures differed, the overall effects of policy measures were confirmed. In conclusion, providing economic incentives had a positive effect on promoting LLQH, and such measures were successful in achieving the intended purpose.

scholarly journals State aid, EU maritime transport policies and competitiveness of EU country fleets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Bilbao-Ubillos ◽  
Ana Fernández-Sainz ◽  
Rosa Payán-Azkue
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Maritime Policy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Aim and purposes This study conducts an across-the-board comparative analysis of the impact of the main measures used by the 10 leading maritime nations of the EU on the relative competitiveness of the fleets that they control, covering the period from 1996 to 2011. We propose two models to compare the relative effectiveness of the maritime policy measures implemented: one for the full set of countries and measures and the other specifically for each maritime nation. Findings The estimation results make us conclude that generally the measures adopted in national-level maritime policies (tonnage tax, second register and other measures) seem to have been effective in that they have had a positive effect on the competitiveness of controlled fleets, but with uneven impact on the fleets of each country.

Career Guidance: Living on the Edge of Public Policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McCarthy ◽  
Tibor Bors Borbély-Pecze
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Education And Employment

Public policy formation and implementation for career guidance provision are complex issues, not least because in most countries career guidance is a peripheral part of legislation for education, employment, and social inclusion. Policy solutions are compromises by nature. Regulations and economic incentives are the main policy instruments for career guidance provision, but there is often incoherence between the intentions of the regulations and the economic incentives provided for policy implementation. The intermediary organizations that serve to implement policy add significant variability to policy effects. International bodies and organizations have shown significant interest in the role of career guidance in education and employment policies through the undertaking of policy reviews, the formulation of recommendations for career guidance, and, in some cases, providing economic incentives to support their implementation. However, there is a dearth of evaluation studies of policy formation and implementation at the national level.

Social capital and national innovation system: a cross-country analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Ali Bitaab ◽  
Ardeshir Lohrasbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose – In the last two decades, researchers have paid much attention to the role of cultural values on economic and social development. In particular, the crucial role of different aspects of culture on the development of innovation has been stressed in the literature. Consequently, it is vital to understand how social capital, as a core cultural value, affects the innovation process and the innovative performance at the national level. However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of four different dimensions of social capital (institutional and interpersonal, associational life and norms) on two of the main functions of national innovation system (NIS) (entrepreneurship and knowledge creation) based on over 50,000 observations in 34 countries. Design/methodology/approach – In this regard, national-level data from the World Values Survey database was employed to quantify social capital. Entrepreneurship is, in turn, assumed to consist of three sub-indexes and 14 indicators based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Knowledge creation is also measured through US Patent Office applications. Also, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling approach were used to build the measurement model and investigate the impact that each factor of social capital had on entrepreneurship and knowledge application, respectively. Measurement and structural models were built and their reliability and validity were tested using various fit indices. Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Findings – Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Originality/value – However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained.

Measuring tourism success: alternative considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Butler
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
National Level ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Indicators Of Success ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Economic Criteria

PurposeThe study aims to explore the possibility of redefining success in tourism and measuring such a phenomenon by considering alternatives to economic factors, and to identify the ways such measurement could be implemented.Design/methodology/approachThe study reviews and explains current approaches to defining and measuring success in tourism in the literature, followed by identification of alternative factors which could be measured and the implications of such a change in approach.FindingsThere has been a long-standing emphasis and priority placed on measuring tourism at the national level with a focus on economic criteria, and this has been followed at regional and local levels. The result has been that success has become equated with volume, supporting the aim of continued growth in tourism. Such an approach and attitude mitigate against achieving or moving towards sustainability, and other measures are needed to avoid problems such as overtourism.Originality/valueThere has been little discussion of moving to a wider range of indicators of success in tourism, and the previous focus has been on economic criteria and competitiveness as shown by tourist numbers. This paper presents a discussion of an alternative approach, showing that tourism stakeholders from national to local levels need to redefine success as including factors such as community and environmental well-being and focus on a wider concept of success. Using existing data and organisations would enable measuring such concepts to be done without major change or greatly increased costs to agencies.

County Administration in Fukien

1974 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 518-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor C. Falkenheim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Local Organization ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Developing Societies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Levels

In most contemporary developing societies, the responsibility for directing broad social and economic change is assumed by the government. The success or failure of these government sponsored programmes often hinges narrowly on the degree of administrative capacity at the regional and local levels. Programmes which are otherwise well designed and funded at the national level may founder for lack of effective local organization.

Using the Turning Point Model State Public Health Law

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (S4) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Gostin ◽  
Glen Safford ◽  
Deborah Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Point Model ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Levels

The Turning Point Initiative is an initiative for which the Robert Wood Johnson (RWJ) and W.K. Kellogg foundations partnered in order to fund a group of states and a number of communities within each of those states to work through a planning process to look at ways to strengthen their public health systems at the state and local levels. Out of that process, the states and communities would come together at the national level to talk about what they had been learning and what the issues were. There were a number of issues that resonated with all of the states.

Shrinking metropolitan area: Costly homeownership and slow spatial shrinkage

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatomo Suzuki ◽  
Yasushi Asami
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Long Life ◽  
New Residents ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

With a simple model of land use and market arbitrage, this paper investigates the impact of population decline – when existing homeowners compete to attract a small number of new residents – on homeownership and land use. We show that, if a strictly positive cost is required for ownership abandonment, selling used houses is impossible in the periphery, while leasing is possible. We also show that only long-life-quality houses, which require a larger initial investment and sustain greater utility for longer than conventional ones, attract new residents to the periphery. Social welfare may decrease, because the government has to maintain the slowly shrinking, less densely inhabited urban area.

Adoption of Broadband Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 671-688
Author(s):  
Morten Falch
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Information Society ◽  
National Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broadband Services ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The U.S

Broadband is seen as a key infrastructure for developing the information society. For this reason many Governments are actively engaged in stimulating investments in broadband infrastructures and use of broadband services. This chapter compares a wide range of broadband strategies in the most successful markets for broadband. This is done through analysis of national policies in three European countries—Denmark, Sweden, and Germany—and the U.S., Japan, and South Korea. We concluded that successful implementation of broadband depends on the kind of policy measures to be taken at the national level. Many countries have provided active support for stimulating diffusion of broadband and national variants of this type of policies in different countries are important for an explanation of national differences in adoption of broadband.

State Intervention and Mental Well-being Among the Unemployed

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTIAS STRANDH
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Active Labour Market Policy ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Positive Effect

Although the relationship between unemployment and poor mental well-being has long been an area of interest within behavioural science, the role of state intervention in the unemployment situation has not been thoroughly investigated. This article investigates how unemployment benefit systems and active labour market policy measures affect mental well-being among the unemployed in Sweden. The study uses a longitudinal and nationally representative survey of 3,500 unemployed Swedes. Three different types of active labour market policy measures involving the unemployed were studied, ‘activation’, ‘vocational training’ and ‘work-place participation’ measures. Of these only involvement in ‘workplace participation’ was found to have a clearly positive effect on mental well-being among those participating. Of the two Swedish unemployment benefit systems, the more generous income replacement Unemployment Benefits and the less generous flat rate Cash Unemployment Benefits, only access to income replacement Unemployment Benefits was found to mediate the mental well-being impact of unemployment. The positive effect of access to income replacement Unemployment Benefits was further accentuated when unemployment was prolonged. Those with access to this benefit system seemed to suffer no further deterioration of mental well-being, while the mental well-being of the rest of the unemployed further deteriorated.

The Southeast Was Red: Left-State Alliances and Popular Mobilizations in Yucatán, 1930–1940

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Fallaw
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Political System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
Local Levels

Between 1935 and 1940, President Lázaro Cárdenas of Mexico mobilized a populist coalition in support of land reform, workers’ rights, and a more inclusive political system. For years, scholars either ignored the crucial role of the Mexican Communist Party (Partido Comunista Mexicano [PCM]) inCardenismo, or considered it a tool used and then discarded by the emerging national state (Shulgovski 1968; Anguiano 1975; Ianni 1977). Recently, Barry Carr’s monumental study (1992) of the ambiguous relationship between the PCM and the Mexican state argued convincingly that Cárdenas relied on the party to mobilize popular forces, while never incorporating either the PCM or Communist ideology into his project. Much less is known of Mexican Communism below the national level. Its social base, and its importance on the regional and local levels, remains largely unexplored outside of a few areas (Friedrich 1986: 128; Craig 1990; Carr 1987). Although the southeastern state of Yucatán boasted one of the PCM’s largest and most active regional organizations in the 1930s, and although Yucatán served as a crucial testing ground for Cárdenas’s reforms, the Yucatecan Left and its popular base has yet to be thoroughly examined.

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