scholarly journals Environmental Factors Associated with Malocclusion in Children Population from Mining Areas, Western Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todor ◽  
Scrobota ◽  
Todor ◽  
Lucan ◽  
Vaida
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deep Bite ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Treatment Measures

Our study is based on the hypothesis that the prevalence of malocclusions in children is higher in the mining areas from North-Western (NW) Romania than in other geographic areas. We also considered that the distribution of the different types of malocclusions can be correlated with environmental factors. Therefore, the main purpose of the current study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusions in children from the mining areas in NW Romania. Another purpose was to establish the influence of certain environmental factors such as gender, geographical area of origin, and ethnicity on the distribution of malocclusions in order to provide an epidemiological reference for the planning of preventive and treatment programs adapted to the particularity of the mining areas. This cross-sectional study was performed in 2015–2016. The study batch consisted of 960 children from the mining areas, aged 7–14 years, in the period of mixed dentition and early permanent dentition. The clinical examination was conducted by a single examiner, an orthodontic specialist (TBI), in order to avoid inter-operator bias. Occlusion was registered according to Bjoerk. Occlusal clinical signs were followed for the determination of malocclusions. Most children had malocclusions (93.5%). The percentage of anomalies was significantly higher in subjects from Rosia Montana, in girls, and in the Romanians. Data showed that Angle Class I was the most prevalent malocclusion (60.21%), followed by crowding (47.5%), midline shift (43.33%), and deep bite (28.65%). The independent association between ethnicity and total malocclusions shows that the Romanian subjects presented a 3.31 higher chance of developing malocclusions than the Romani ones. The presence of malocclusions was independently influenced by all the studied environmental factors, namely gender, geographical area, and ethnicity. Our results could be relevant for oral health policy-making, i.e., planning preventive and treatment measures of malocclusions, adapted to the peculiarity of the studied mining areas.

Influence of environmental factors on road traffic accidents: Hospital based cross sectional study at Tirupati

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Bayapa Reddy N. ◽  
Shakeer Kahn P. ◽  
Surendra Babu D. ◽  
Khadervali N. ◽  
Chandrasekhar C. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

assessing knowledge, attitude and practices of miners and post-occupational miners towards pneumoconiosis in Wusakile Township, Kitwe, Zambia:cross sectional study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Banda
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Mining Areas

BACKGROUND Occupational conditions are deadly health hazards especially where dust exposure is inevitable causing chronic disabilities, impaired respiratory function and ultimately leading to death if no intensive measures are put in place. Unhealthy practices and negative attitudes rise in the number of cases of pneumoconiosis due to poor health education and awareness strategies. Pneumoconiosis is not only a health problem but also a social and economic burden on the livelihood of people living in mining areas around the globe. OBJECTIVE to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of miners and post-occupational miners towards pneumoconiosis in Wusakile Township, Kitwe, Zambia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was employed to conduct a research in Wusakile Township and a questionnaire was customized in order to syphon data relevant to the study as well to be brief. The study was conducted among 73 participants who were randomly selected among miners and post-occupational miners and all satisfied the inclusion criteria. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data. The data was entered and analysed using IBM SPSS software version 23. RESULTS Among 73 participants interviewed, 33.99% of participants had poor knowledge on the complications of pneumoconiosis. However, despite this poor knowledge, all participants had an idea about pneumoconiosis particularly silicosis. 13.70% of the respondents had bad practices towards pneumoconiosis while 86.30% had some good practices towards pneumoconiosis. Of the total participants, 19.18% of the participants had a negative attitude towards pneumoconiosis. Correlation between the level of education and practices of participants using Pearson Chi-Square, a p value of 0.021 (significant) was found ruling out the null hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS Information about pneumoconiosis and awareness programs towards pneumoconiosis are not widely disseminated among miners and post-occupational miners. There is still a significant number of participants who need to be educated more about pneumoconiosis and its complications so that attitude and practices are improved and also promote full community participation by involving competent health professionals to help in implementing preventive measures.

scholarly journals Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Spain: higher than previously reported in other countries?

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 2556-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Cortés Verdú ◽  
José M Pego-Reigosa ◽  
Daniel Seoane-Mato ◽  
Mercedes Morcillo Valle ◽  
Deseada Palma Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Visit ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Prevalence of SLE varies among studies, being influenced by study design, geographical area and ethnicity. Data about the prevalence of SLE in Spain are scarce. In the EPISER2016 study, promoted by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology, the prevalence estimate of SLE in the general adult population in Spain has been updated and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables has been explored. Methods Population-based multicentre cross-sectional study, with multistage stratified and cluster random sampling. Participants were contacted by telephone to carry out a questionnaire for the screening of SLE. Investigating rheumatologists evaluated positive results (review of medical records and/or telephone interview, with medical visit if needed) to confirm the diagnosis. To calculate the prevalence and its 95% CI, the sample design was taken into account and weighing was calculated considering age, sex and geographic origin. Multivariate logistic regression models were defined to analyse which sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables included in the telephone questionnaire were associated with the presence of SLE. Results 4916 subjects aged 20 years or over were included. 16.52% (812/4916) had a positive screening result for SLE. 12 cases of SLE were detected. The estimated prevalence was 0.21% (95% CI: 0.11, 0.40). SLE was more prevalent in the rural municipalities, with an odds ratio (OR) = 4.041 (95% CI: 1.216, 13.424). Conclusion The estimated prevalence of SLE in Spain is higher than that described in most international epidemiological studies, but lower than that observed in ethnic minorities in the United States or the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals Increase in the Risk of Respiratory Disorders in Adults and Children Related to Crop-Growing in Niger

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mamane ◽  
Jean-François Tessier ◽  
Ghislaine Bouvier ◽  
Roger Salamon ◽  
Pierre Lebailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Background and Objective. Environmental factors are an increasing concern for respiratory health in developing countries. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Nigerien people living in cultivated areas have more respiratory symptoms than those living in pastoral areas. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 in two populations during the rainy season when land is cultivated. Environmental factors including pesticide use and respiratory symptoms were collected in adults and children during face-to-face interviews. Multivariate analysis between exposures and symptoms was performed in children and in adults separately. Results. The study included 471 adults and 229 children. Overall, none of the households reported the use of pesticides for agricultural purposes. However, 87.2% reported the use of insecticides at home. Multivariate analysis showed that people living in agricultural areas compared to those in pastoral areas had an increased risk of respiratory symptoms in adults (wheezing, dyspnea, sudden shortness of breath, and cough without fever) and in children (cough without fever). The use of insecticides showed no effect on respiratory symptoms after adjustment. Conclusion. This first epidemiological study on the environment and respiratory health conducted in Niger demonstrates a significant relationship between respiratory manifestations and the agricultural characteristics of the living area. However only the effect of insecticides in the home on respiratory health was observed.

scholarly journals Do individual cognitions mediate the association of socio-cultural and physical environmental factors with adolescent sports participation?

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10A) ◽  
pp. 1746-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klazine van der Horst ◽  
Anke Oenema ◽  
Saskia J te Velde ◽  
Johannes Brug
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Routine ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations of perceived physical environmental factors (availability of physical activity (PA) attributes at home, PA facilities in the neighbourhood, neighbourhood pleasantness and safety) and social environmental factors (parental sports behaviour and parental rule regarding sports participation) with adolescent leisure-time sports participation, and to explore whether the associations found were mediated by individual cognitions as derived from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingIn schoolyear 2005/2006 adolescents from seventeen schools in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, completed a questionnaire during school hours that included self-reported measures of leisure-time sports participation, perceived physical environmental factors and TPB variables. Information about parental sports behaviour and parental rule was obtained from a questionnaire that was completed by one parent of the adolescents.SubjectsData were collected from 584 adolescent–parent combinations.ResultsData were analysed with multi-level logistic regression analyses. Availability of PA attributes at home (OR = 1·26), parents’ sports behaviour (OR = 2·03) and parental rule (OR = 1·64) were associated with a higher likelihood of adolescents’ leisure-time sports participation. These associations were partly mediated by attitude and intention.ConclusionsAdolescents were more likely to engage in leisure-time sports when PA attributes were available at home, when parents participated in sports activities and had a rule about their offspring participation in sports activities. These associations were partly mediated by attitude and intention. These results suggest that parents can importantly promote sports participation among their offspring by making sports activities accessible and a family routine.

MS prevalence in New Zealand, an ethnically and latitudinally diverse country

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1422-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce V Taylor ◽  
John F Pearson ◽  
Glynnis Clarke ◽  
Deborah F Mason ◽  
David A Abernethy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Population ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The North ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria

Background: The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not uniform, with a latitudinal gradient of prevalence present in most studies. Understanding the drivers of this gradient may allow a better understanding of the environmental factors involved in MS pathogenesis. Method: The New Zealand national MS prevalence study (NZMSPS) is a cross-sectional study of people with definite MS (DMS) (McDonald criteria 2005) resident in New Zealand on census night, 7 March 2006, utilizing multiple sources of notification. Capture—recapture analysis (CRA) was used to estimate missing cases. Results: Of 2917 people with DMS identified, the crude prevalence was 72.4 per 100,000 population, and 73.1 per 100,000 when age-standardized to the European population. CRA estimated that 96.7% of cases were identified. A latitudinal gradient was seen with MS prevalence increasing three-fold from the North (35°S) to the South (48°S). The gradient was non-uniform; females with relapsing—remitting/secondary-progressive (RRMS/SPMS) disease have a gradient 11 times greater than males with primary-progressive MS ( p < 1 × 10-7). DMS was significantly less common among those of Māori ethnicity. Conclusions: This study confirms the presence of a robust latitudinal gradient of MS prevalence in New Zealand. This gradient is largely driven by European females with the RRMS/SPMS phenotype. These results indicate that the environmental factors that underlie the latitudinal gradient act differentially by gender, ethnicity and MS phenotype. A better understanding of these factors may allow more targeted MS therapies aimed at modifiable environmental triggers at the population level.

Wide variability in colorectal cancer screening uptake by general practitioner: Cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 096914132110357
Author(s):  
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci ◽  
Maria E Flacco ◽  
Margherita Morettini ◽  
Giusi Giacomini ◽  
Matthew Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Screening Uptake

Objectives Despite several interventions, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake remains below acceptable levels in Italy. Among the potential determinants of screening uptake, only a few studies analysed the role of general practitioners (GPs). The aim was to evaluate the variation in screening uptake of the clusters of subjects assisted by single GPs. Setting Ancona province, Central Italy. Methods Cross-sectional study, including all residents aged 50–69 years, who were offered the public screening programme with biannual faecal immunochemical tests. Demographic (of all GPs) and screening data (of all eligible residents) for years 2018–2019 were collected from the official electronic datasets of the Ancona Local Health Unit. The potential predictors of acceptable screening uptake, including GP's gender, age, and number of registered subjects, were evaluated using random-effect logistic regression, with geographical area as the cluster unit. Results The final sample consisted of 332 GP clusters, including 120,178 eligible subjects. The overall province uptake was 38.0% ± 10.7%. The uptake was lower than 30% in one-fifth of the GP clusters, and higher than 45% in another fifth. At multivariable analysis, the significant predictors of uptake were younger GP age ( p = 0.010) and lower number of registered subjects ( p < 0.001). None of the GP clusters with 500 subjects or more showed an uptake ≥45%. Conclusions The wide variation across GPs suggests they might substantially influence screening uptake, highlighting a potential need to increase their commitment to CRC screening. Further research is needed to confirm the role of the number of registered subjects.

scholarly journals Clinical suspicion and parathyroid carcinoma management

2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Luiz de Menezes Montenegro ◽  
Marcos Roberto Tavares ◽  
Marcelo Doria Durazzo ◽  
Claudio Roberto Cernea ◽  
Anói Castro Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Parathyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjacent Structures

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Adequate management of parathyroid carcinoma apparently relates to the surgeon’s ability to identify it at the first operation. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the role of clinical suspicion in the management of parathyroid carcinoma. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis of parathyroid carcinoma patients treated in Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 143 patients who underwent surgery from 1995 to 2000, due to hyperparathyroidism. These cases were reviewed to ascertain whether preoperative and intraoperative suspicion of parathyroid carcinoma were helpful during the operation, and which factors demonstrated the suspicion of cancer best. RESULTS: Among 66 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism there were four cases of parathyroid carcinoma (6.1%), and one case was found in secondary hyperparathyroidism (1.3%). Palpable nodules were found in five patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, four of them with parathyroid carcinoma. Preoperative levels of calcium in primary hyperparathyroidism with cancer patients varied from 12.0 mg/dl to 18.2 mg/dl. Two patients had gross macroscopic spread of the tumor to adjacent structures. Except for one patient, with extensive disease, tumors were resected en bloc. In secondary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid carcinoma was found in a fifth mediastinal gland. One atypical adenoma was observed. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of calcium, palpable tumors and adherence to close structures are more common in parathyroid carcinoma. These clinical signs may be helpful for decision-making during parathyroid surgery.

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