scholarly journals Loneliness, Family Communication, and School Adjustment in a Sample of Cybervictimized Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cañas ◽  
Estefanía Estévez ◽  
Celeste León-Moreno ◽  
Gonzalo Musitu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
School Adjustment ◽  
Academic Competence ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
The One

The objective of this study was to compare individual, family, and social variables, such as the perception of loneliness, family communication, and school adjustment in a sample of 2399 Andalusian (Spanish) adolescents aged 12 to 18 (M = 14.63, SD = 1.91) suffering from cybervictimization (low, moderate, and high). The results show that adolescents suffering from high cybervictimization report more loneliness, more problematic communication with both parents, and worse school adjustment than the rest of the groups. Regarding gender, differences are observed in open communication with the mother and in the dimensions of school adjustment, being more favorable for girls. However, there were no significant differences between girls and boys in the loneliness variable. The interaction effects indicate, on the one hand, that female severe cybervictims present more avoidant communication with the mother than the other groups, and, on the other hand, that male cybervictims of all three groups and female severe cybervictims have lower academic competence than the group of female low cybervictims, followed by female moderate cybervictims. These data support the idea that, depending on its intensity and duration, cybervictimization affects girls and boys differently in terms of individual, family, and social variables.

The Impact of Harmful Habits on Academic Performance and Sports Activities among Young People

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Victoria Yermilova ◽  
◽  
Natalia Stroiteleva ◽  
Zhanna Egorova ◽  
Ekaterina Vanina
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Young People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sports Activities

Smoking and alcohol consumption is a growing trend among young people worldwide. The purpose of this study was to provide students with a comparative analysis of adherence to harmful habits (smoking and alcohol) on the one hand and the frequency of sports and academic performance on the other, taking into account gender differences. The research was conducted in 2019-2020 in 5 cities of Russia; the sample included 1500 people aged 18.4 ± 1.1 years, divided into three equal groups. The control (first) group had students who are not engaged in sports, and the second group comprised students practicing sports but not professionally. The third group was made up of student-athletes. All participants were surveyed to determine the frequency of adherence to harmful habits. In the control group, boys smoked 50% more often than girls (p ≤ 0.05), while in the third group, smoking among boys was registered 70 times less often (p ≤ 0.001). Alcohol consumption in controls was 0.5 times more likely among boys (p ≤ 0.05). Harmful habits affect young people's free time and reduce their academic performance and ability to practice sports.

Gender differences in the onset of depression following a shared life event: a study of couples

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. NAZROO ◽  
A. C. EDWARDS ◽  
G. W. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Life Event ◽  
The One ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Role Activity

Background. Gender differences in clinically relevant depression are well established, appear to be greatest in childbearing years and may be the result of gender differences in social roles. Methods. A community sample of 100 couples who had recently experienced at least one threatening life event that was potentially depressogenic for both of them was studied using a semi-structured interviewer-rated interview. Onset of depression was assessed using the Present State Examination, and, rather than assuming that a gender difference in roles existed uniformly across the couples, they were characterized according to their actual role activity and commitment.Results. Women were found to have a greater risk of a depressive episode following the life event than men, and this difference was of a similar magnitude to other reports of gender differences in depression. Consistent with a role hypothesis, this greater risk was entirely restricted to episodes that followed events involving children, housing or reproductive problems. In addition, it was found that women's greater risk of a depressive episode following such events was only present among those couples where there were clear gender differences in associated roles. There was some suggestion that differences in roles on the one hand resulted in women being more likely to hold themselves responsible for such events and, on the other hand, enabled men to distance themselves from them.Conclusions. These results support the hypothesis that gender differences in rates of depression in the general population are, to a considerable extent, a consequence of role differences.

scholarly journals St. Lucian Kwéyòl on St. Croix: How gender and education affect language choice and attitudes in a multilingual context

2011 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Edward S. Mitchell ◽  
Diana Ursulin Mopsus
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Crucian Creole ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Based on interviews conducted within a community of St. Lucian Creole (Kwéyòl) speakers on the island of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, the authors investigated the use of and attitudes towards Kwéyòl, English, Spanish, and Crucian Creole, the four most widely-spoken languages on St. Croix. The article examines the roles of two social variables, namely gender and education, in questions of language choice and attitudes in this bilingual creolophone community. Some of the more remarkable revelations of this study were found in the many apparently conflicting responses. On the one hand, we observed a general trend towards the loss of Kwéyòl, yet on the other, pride in the language is exceedingly high. We observed a strong tendency pointing towards a taboo against speaking Kwéyòl in public on St. Croix, while at the same time, a significant number proclaimed the right to speak Kwéyòl in public.

Humor theory and the fear of being laughed at

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie Davies
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Humor Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

AbstractSystematic empirical research into the extent to which individuals in different societies fear being laughed at is new and has implications for humor theory. Humor theorists such as Hobbes and Bergson implicitly assume that such fears were generally at a high level and both Hobbes' superiority theory of laughter and Bergson's view of it as a social corrective depend on this assumption. They purport to be general theories but are in fact the product of the particular societies in which those philosophers' lived and whose mores they took for granted. However, we can use their work to generate hypotheses that can in the future be tested against the comparative empirical data now being produced. In particular we should pay attention is the social variables of shame, face, etiquette and embarrassment on the one hand, and hierarchy, status divisions and power on the other, as probably having explanatory power.

scholarly journals Ecology: Its relative importance and absolute irrelevance for a Christian: A Kierkegaardian transversal space for the controversy on eco-theology

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermen Kroesbergen
Keyword(s):  
Blind Spot ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systematic Theology ◽  
Prosperity Gospel ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
University Departments ◽  
Creation Spirituality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The controversy about the importance of eco-theology or creation spirituality seems to be in a deadlock. Those who support it and those who oppose it do not even seem to be able to communicate with one another. On the one hand, Celia Deane-Drummond, for example, writes in her Eco-theology (2008:x): ‘I find it astonishing that courses on eco-theology do not exist in many university departments of theology and religious studies.’ Matthew Fox desperately asks in his Creation spirituality (1991:xii): ‘Need I list the [environmental] issues of our day that go virtually unattended to in our culture?’ On the other hand, evangelical Christians are known for their ecological ‘blind spot’ (Davis 2000), until recently at least. Pentecostal proponents of the prosperity gospel preach a consumer-lifestyle for all Christians, which is not very eco-friendly (cf. Kroesbergen 2013). Even in more mainline Christianity we find, for example, the well-known theologian Robert Jenson who writes in his Systematic theology: Volume 2 (1999:113, n. 2): ‘Recent waves of “creation spirituality” are simply apostasy to paganism. And it is such unguarded, even unargued judgement that is required of the church.’ We find eco-theologians, who do not understand that not everyone agrees with them on the one hand, and opposing theologians, who do not even feel the need to argue against them on the other hand. What would be needed to re-open communication between those in favour of eco-theology or creation spirituality, and those opposed to it?

scholarly journals Exogamous patterns in four immigrant groups in Portugal (2001 and 2011)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalena Ramos ◽  
Sofia Gaspar ◽  
Ana Cristina Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
The One

This article analyses the exogamy patterns in four groups of immigrants to Portugal — from the Portuguese-speaking African Countries (PALOPs), EU-12, Brazil, and Eastern Europe — in 2001 and 2011. In the light of earlier studies, on the one hand the authors assess the existence of both gender differences and differences in terms of educational and age homogamy in these marriages. On the other, they also analyse the factors that explain the propensity to exogamic marriage. The results point to marriage patterns that differ according to gender, as well as to differences between the older waves of immigration (PALOPs and EU-12) and the more recent ones (Brazil and Eastern Europe). These data are interpreted in the final part of the article.

Researching Gender-Role Ideologies Internationally and Cross-Culturally

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Gibbons ◽  
Beverly A. Hamby ◽  
Wanda D. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Conceptual Equivalence ◽  
The One

Although many studies have compared gender-role ideologies internationally and cross-culturally, few researchers have attended to cultural differences in the meaningfulness or conceptual equivalence of the scale items. The literature on the use of instruments internationally is reviewed with respect to potentially universal (etic) constructs and findings. Gender differences in attitudes and the domains in which gender-related behavior is expressed differ internationally. A potential universal dimension is represented by a modern, egalitarian ideology on the one pole and a traditional ideology on the other. Using scales developed in three cultural contexts, we demonstrate that ratings of meaningfulness are correlated with the use of scores distant from the midpoint. Specific recommendations for researchers include consultation with cultural informants and incorporation of culturally specific (emic) items.

scholarly journals Pamięć matki — pamięć o matce. „O Dzienniku pewnej Judyty Ženi Lebl”

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Taczyńska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Women's Identity ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Mother’s Memory — the Memory of Mother. About Ženi Lebl’s A Diary of JudithThe aim of this article is to rescue from oblivion a Ženi Lebl’s text A Dairy of Judith Dnevnik jedne Judite, 1990 and to attempt to capture and present the specifics of female narration about World War II and Holocaust in Yugoslavia. The analysis particularly accentuates war traumas as an important aspect of women’s identity in Yugoslavia, which demands discussion and reflection. Lebl perceives herself as an agent of memory, who feels re­sponsible not only for keeping the memory of the tragic past, but also for the way in which this memory is preserved. The author’s testimony written in Dnevnik…, the tale about a Jewish family Lebl, should be considered against the background of the particular political situation, the reality of Belgrade under occupation. On the one hand the narration that is passed on documents the fate of individual family members; on the other, the author by her own registered words speaks up for preserving the memory of Jewish victims of World War II in Serbia.Память матери — память о матери. O Дневнике одной Юдифи Жени ЛеблЦель данной статьи — воскрешение из забвения забытого текста Жени Лебл — Дневника одной Юдифи Dnevnik jedne Judite, 1990 — а также попытка определения и представления специфики женского нарратива о Второй мировой войне и уничтожении евреев в Югославии. При проведении анализа особое внимание уделяется проблеме травм войны как важного элемента женской идентичности в странах бывшей Югославии, о котором необходимо говорить и размышлять. Жени Лебл воспринимает себя как хранительницу памяти, которая чувствует ответственность не только за поддержание памяти о трагических событиях прошлого, но и за то, как увековечена эта память. Свидетельство автора в Дневнике…, повествовании об истории еврейской семьи Лебл, следует рассматривать в контексте конкретной политической ситуации, реалий оккупированного Белграда. С одной стороны, зафиксированный нарратив документирует судьбы отдельных членов семьи, с другой — посредством записанных слов автор сохраняет память о погибших во время Второй мировой войны в Сербии евреях.

scholarly journals Paid Work and Parenting

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Suwada
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Inequalities

AbstractThis chapter is devoted to the issue of paid work. Despite analyses dominating today that perceive paid work as an obstacle to parenting, I argue that paid work is an important obligation arising from parenthood. My analysis indicates that becoming a parent has consequences on how individuals perceive paid work. It becomes more important and there is a bigger focus on the level of earnings. Polish parents feel an enormous economic pressures in connection to having children. Yet the attitudes of men and women to paid work are different. In case of men there is a greater pressure to keep paid work and have a decent salary. Whereas women more often perceive paid work as a source of satisfaction. On the one hand, they also feel pressure to be active in the labour market and to bring money home, but on the other hand they confine more attention to the fact that paid work should be satisfactory. What is more, the chapter discusses these gender differences in the context of economic inequalities, as well as differences between the situation of single and coupled parents.

Adaptation to Illness in Couples Dealing With a Cardiovascular Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos C. Karademas ◽  
Ioannis Tsaousis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Illness Cognitions ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
The One

The aim of this study was to examine the dyadic effects of three patient and spouse personality traits (i. e., neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) on couples’ adaptation to illness. Two important illness cognitions were used as indicators of adaptation to illness–namely, illness-related acceptance and helplessness. Seventy-five patients with a chronic cardiovascular disease and their spouses participated in the study. The dyadic effects of personality traits, as well as the interaction effects between patient and spouse traits were examined with the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM). Several actor effects (i. e., the effects of a person’s own characteristics on their own outcomes) were noted. Also, certain partner effects (i. e., the effects of the characteristics of the one member of the couple on the other member’s outcomes) were found. After controlling for actor effects, patients’ helplessness was related to their spouses’ extraversion, spouses’ illness acceptance was related to patients’ conscientiousness, and spouses’ helplessness was related to patients’ neuroticism. In addition, patients’ conscientiousness was found to moderate the effects of spouses’ conscientiousness on their own acceptance. These findings seem to challenge the traditional perspective according to which personality refers to intrapersonal processes, and call for a theoretical refocus on the interpersonal/social role of personality traits as far as adaptation to illness is concerned.

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