scholarly journals Reference Values for Fitness Level and Gross Motor Skills of 4–6-Year-Old Chilean Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf ◽  
José Bruneau-Chávez ◽  
Paola Fuentes-Merino ◽  
Jaime Vásquez-Gómez ◽  
Mairena Sánchez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Shuttle Run

In childhood, fitness level is considered an important indicator of health, while gross motor skills are the basis of future motor competence. So far, no reference values have been found for the Chilean population. Therefore, this study aims to provide fitness level and gross motor skill reference values by gender and age of Chilean children aged 4–6 years. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted that included 728 children between 4 and 6 years old from the La Araucanía region of Chile. To assess the fitness level, the 20-m shuttle run test, standing long jump, handgrip dynamometry, 4x10m shuttle run, and Sit and Reach tests were used. Gross motor skills were assessed by five tests including aiming and catching and balance motor tasks. For fitness level, boys have better values in the long jump and dynamometry test, while girls have better values in flexibility. For estimated maximum volume of oxygen, at 5 years old there are significant differences in favour of boys, while at 6 years old in favour of girls. No statistically significant differences in speed/agility by gender were found. For gross motor skills, boys obtain higher values for catching and aiming tests, and girls for balance. The reference values for fitness level and gross motor skills shown in this study could aid physical education and health professionals in identifying children with low reference values, as well as in establishing objectives that will help to improve their health.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Keterampilan Ibu Dalam Menstimulasi Motorik Kasar Anak Umur 36 – 48 Bulan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Desak Gede Yenny Apriani
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

Development is the increase in the ability to function more complex bodies in a regular pattern. In the community, there are still many parents who do not know about their child's development, so that delays cannot be detected early. By providing stimulation, delays in child development can be detected and intervened early. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and the skills of mothers in stimulating gross motor skills of children aged 36-48 months. This type of research used associative with a cross sectional approach and using independent and dependent variables. Data collection using a questionnaire sheet. After the data collected is presented in a table and analyzed using the Spearman Rank statistical test. The results showed that the level of maternal knowledge about gross motor stimulation was at most 37.1% in the moderate category and maternal skills to stimulate gross motor skills at most 35.1% in the sufficient category where (r = 0.866, p = 0.000) so that there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge with the mother's skills in stimulating gross motor skills. The conclusion of this study shows that the level of knowledge has a strong relationship with the skills of mothers in stimulating children's gross motor skills. Information about gross motor stimulation can be an effort to increase the knowledge and skills of mothers that can be done through counseling by health workers. Keywords : Knowledge level, skills, developmental stimulation, children aged 36-48 months.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN ANAK DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK KASAR DAN HALUS PADA ANAK USIA 4 – 5 TAHUN

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Desi Kumalasari ◽  
Desi Setia Wati
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Children's Development

KNOWLEDGE AMONG MOTHERS OF  PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN MOTOR DEVELOPMENTBackground: Motorskill development is the development of physical movement control through coordinated central nerve and muscle activities. Motor skilldevelopment is divided into two, gross motor skills and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills involve large parts of the body, such as: walking, jumping, running and so on. Smaller groups of muscle movements are called fine motor skills, such as: writing, drawing, wearing scissors, and so on. One factor that influence children's development is mother's knowledge. Mothers who have good knowledge will tend to pay attention and stimulate their children’s development.Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine the relations of mothers’ knowledge about children’s growth and development with gross and fine motor skills development of children aged 4-5 years old in Pesawaran Lampung Kindergarten in 2018.Methods: The design used in this research is analytic by using a cross sectional approach. The population in this research were all mothers with children aged 4-5 years old at Pesawaran Lampung Kindergarten, with a sample of 58 people, while sampling techniques were taken using the total population method. The analysis of the research uses univariate and bivariate analysis which use the chi-square test.Results: The results of this research are there is no relationship between mothers’ knowledge about children’s development and growth with gross motor skills development (p-value = 0.622) and fine motor skills development (p-value = 0.614) of children aged 4-5 years old at Pesawaran Lampung Kindergarten in 2018.Conclution: There is no relationship between maternal knowledge about the development of children with gross motoric and fine motor development of children 4-5 years in Pesawaran Lampung kindergarten in 2018. It is expected that parents can find sources information about the children’s growth and development, so parents can provide stimulation of children’s motor skills development.Latar Belakang: Menurut WHO (2014), diperkirakan 5-10% anak mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan. Diperkirakan sekitar 1–3% khusus pada anak dibawah usia 5 tahun di Indonesia mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan umum yang meliputi perkembangan motorik, bahasa, sosio–emosional, dan kognitif (Kemenkes, 2016). Perkembangan motorik merupakan perkembangan pengendalian gerakan jasmaniah melalui kegiatan pusat syaraf dan otot yang terkoordinasi.Perkembangan motorik terbagi menjadi dua yaitu motorik kasar dan motorik halus Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan anak adalah pengetahuan ibu. Ibu yang berpengetahuan baik maka akan cenderung untuk memperhatikan dan menstimulasi perkembangan anak terutama perkembangan anak.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang perkembangan anak dengan perkembangan motorik kasar dan halus anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK Pesawaran, Lampung tahun 2018.Metode: Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan cross sectional.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu dengan anak usia 4 – 5 tahun di TK  Pesawaran, Lampung dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 58 orang, sedangkang teknik sampling yang diambil dengan menggunakan metode total populasi. Analisis yang digunakan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang perkembangan anak dengan perkembangan motorik kasar (nilai p-value 0,622) dan motorik halus (nilai p-value 0,614) anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK  Pesawaran, Lampung tahun 2018.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang perkembangan anak dengan perkembangan motorik kasar dan motorik halus anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK  Pesawaran, Lampung tahun 2018. Diaharapkan para orang tua dapat mencari sumber informasi tentang tumbuh kembang anak, sehingga orang tua mampu memberikan stimulasi perkembangan motorik anak.

scholarly journals Physical fitness percentiles of Polish children aged 4–7 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina H. Przednowek ◽  
Marta Niewczas ◽  
Łukasz Wójcik ◽  
Wojciech Paśko ◽  
Janusz Iskra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Motor Activation ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Lms Method ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to report sex- and age-specific physical fitness level in Polish children aged 4 to 7. 11.709 children participated in the study, including 5.684 girls and 6.025 boys aged 4 to 7 who attended kindergarten institutions throughout Poland. Physical fitness was assessed using four tests developed by Sekita including shuttle run 4 × 5 m with moving the block, standing long jump, throwing 1 kg medicine ball with two hands above the head and 20 m run. Percentile charts were developed separately for males and females using the LMS method. Boys showed higher physical fitness values than girls. In addition, an increase in the level of physical fitness was observed along with the age of the subjects. The developed reference values by age and sex in the field of physical fitness can be used for diagnostic purposes and assessing the level of physical fitness of preschool children. In addition, they can be helpful for healthcare professionals, parents and teachers to develop children’s motor activation programs and monitor their physical fitness.

scholarly journals Hubungan Peran Keluarga dengan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Disabilitas Intelektual

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Nahdiah Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan peran keluarga  degan kemampuan motorik kasar anak disabilitas intelektual. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan jumlah responden tiga puluh delapan orang (n=38). Terdapat beberapa data primer yang dikumpulkan diantaranya peran keluarga, kemampuan motorik kasar, Pengambilan data tersebut menggunakan kuisioner Family Role Questionnaire (FRQ) dan Form Test Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2). Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji hubungan dengan Spearman Rho test didapatkan nilai signifikansi (p) sebesar 0,000(p< 0.05) yang berarti adanya hubungan antara peran keluarga dengan kemampuan motorik kasar anak disabilitas intelektual, dengan nilai r =0.062 yang berarti adanya hubungan yang kuat antara peran keluarga dengan kemampuan motorik kasar anak disabilitas intelektual. Kata kunci : motorik kasar, peran keluarga, disabilitas intelektual.   Abstract This study aims to see the relationship between family and gross motor skills of children with intellectual disabilities. This study used a cross-sectional design with thirty-eight respondents (n = 38). Some of the primary data collected included the role of the family, gross motor skills, data collection using the Family Role Questionnaire (FRQ) questionnaire and the Gross Motor Development 2 Test Form (TGMD-2). Based on the results of the analysis of the relationship test with the Spearman Rho test, it was obtained a significance value (p) of 0.000 (p <0.05), which means that there is a relationship between family roles and gross motor skills of children with intellectual disabilities, with a value of r = 0.062, which means that there is a strong relationship. between the role of the family and gross motor skills of children with intellectual disabilities. Key words: gross motor skills, family roles, intellectual disabilities.  

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON GROSS MOTOR SKILL IN PRE SCHOOL CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Tutfah Razzak Fitriari ◽  
Ahmad Suryawan ◽  
Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
P Value ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor Skill

Background and Purpose : Nutritional status is one aspect that influences children’s development. Children whose nutritional needs are not being met are at risk of experiencing developmental disorders, where one aspect of development that is affected is their gross motor skills. Indonesia has a number of malnutrition up to 17.7% with a motor disorder rate of 13-18%. This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and gross motor skill status of children aged 60-72 months in Islam Al karomah Surabaya Kindergarten. Methods : This study use obervational analytic method with cross sectional design study design. The sample in this study were children who attend Islamic Al Karomah kindergarten in Surabaya. The number of samples was 40 respondents in the Islam Al Karomah Surabaya Kindergarten. The sampling technique of this study was total sampling with nutritional status as independent variable and gross motor skill status as dependent variable. The instuments of this study are Z-Scores (Body Mass Index for age) and Developmental Pre Screening Questionnaire for collecting data and was analyzed by Fisher’s Exact test (a=0.05). Results : Almost all of the children with normal gross motor skills (78.1%) have a normal nutritional status with the results of Fisher’s Exact analysis shown p value = 0.007 (p<0.05). Conclusion : there is a relationship between the nutritional status and gross motor skill status of children aged 60-72 months in Islam Al karomah Surabaya Kindergarten.

Associations of physical activity and cognitive function with gross motor skills in preschoolers: Cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ângela Alves Viegas ◽  
Vanessa Amaral Mendonça ◽  
Juliana Nogueira Pontes Nobre ◽  
Rosane Luzia De Souza Morais ◽  
Amanda Cristina Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills

scholarly journals The Importance of Fundamental Motor Skills in Identifying Differences in Performance Levels of U10 Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Jukic ◽  
Katarina Prnjak ◽  
Anja Zoellner ◽  
James J. Tufano ◽  
Damir Sekulic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Fundamental Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump

This study examined the differences in fundamental motor skills (FMSs) and specific conditioning capacities (SCCs) between a coach’s classification of first team (FT) and second team (ST) U10 soccer players and examined the most important qualities based on how the coach differentiates them. The FT (n = 12; Mage = 9.72 ± 0.41) and ST (n = 11; Mage = 9.57 ± 0.41) soccer players were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, standing long jump, sit and reach, diverse sprints, and the 20 m multistage fitness test (MSFT). The coach’s subjective evaluation of players was obtained using a questionnaire. No significant differences existed between the FT and ST in any variables (p > 0.05). However, large and moderate effect sizes were present in favour of the FT group in locomotor skills (d = 0.82 (0.08, 1.51)), gross motor quotient (d = 0.73 (0.00, 1.41)), height (d = 0.61 (−0.12, 1.29)), MSFT (d = 0.58 (−0.14, 1.25)), and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (d = 0.55 (−0.17, 1.22)). Furthermore, the coach perceived the FT group as having greater technical and tactical qualities relative to ST players. This suggests that it might be more relevant for players of this age to develop good FMS connected to technical skills, before focusing on SCC. Therefore, it might be beneficial for soccer coaches to emphasize the development of FMSs due to their potential to identify talented young soccer players and because they underpin the technical soccer skills that are required for future soccer success.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional associations of physical activity and gross motor proficiency with adiposity in South African children of pre-school age

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E Draper ◽  
Simone A Tomaz ◽  
Rachel A Jones ◽  
Trina Hinkley ◽  
Rhian Twine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South African ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity, gross motor skills and adiposity in South African children of pre-school age.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingHigh-income urban, and low-income urban and rural settings in South Africa.ParticipantsChildren (3–6 years old,n268) were recruited from urban high-income (n46), urban low-income (n91) and rural low-income (n122) settings. Height and weight were measured to calculate the main outcome variables: BMI and BMI-for-ageZ-score (BAZ). Height-for-age and weight-for-ageZ-scores were also calculated. Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers were used to objectively measure physical activity; the Test of Gross Motor Development (Version 2) was used to assess gross motor skills.ResultsMore children were overweight/obese and had a higher BAZ from urban low-income settings compared with urban high-income settings and rural low-income settings. Being less physically active was associated with thinness, but not overweight/obesity. Time spent in physical activity at moderate and vigorous intensities was positively associated with BMI and BAZ. Gross motor proficiency was not associated with adiposity in this sample.ConclusionsThe findings of this research highlight the need for obesity prevention particularly in urban low-income settings, as well as the need to take into consideration the complexity of the relationship between adiposity, physical activity and gross motor skills in South African pre-school children.

Teaching Athletic Skills to Students Who are Mentally Retarded

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Cuvo ◽  
Patrick J. Ellis ◽  
Ira E. Wisotzek ◽  
Paula J. Davis ◽  
Don Schilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Athletic Activity ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Behavioral Techniques ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
The Right

P.L. 94–142 provides the right to physical education for handicapped pupils including nonacademic and extracurricular activities such as athletics. Despite the legislative mandate for physical education and the value of athletic activity, few validated programs have been published to teach complex gross motor skills, such as sports, to mentally retarded students. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to evaluate procedures to teach athletic skills to moderately and severely mentally retarded students. Participants were taught the standing long jump (Experiment 1) and the 50-yard dash (Experiment 2), using task analysis and a training package of prompts and response consequences. Experimental control was evaluated by the multiple baseline across subjects design. Results showed acquisition and maintenance of the two athletic skills. The efficacy of behavioral techniques for teaching athletic skills to moderately and severely retarded persons is also discussed.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF BREASTFEEDING WITH GROSS AND FINE MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN INFANT 6-12 MONTHS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Rukanah Rukanah
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Gross Motor Skills

Introduction: WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for newborn sup to six month sofage. Exclusive breastfeeding is given forinfantonlybreastmilk, not given food or other fluids, evenwater, except for vitamins, minerals, ormedicines. Exclusive breast feeding has a positive effect on the motor development of infants in earlylife. This study aimed to determine the relationship between breastfeeding with gross and fine motor skills development in infants 6-12 months. Methods: The design was a cross-sectional study, a total sample of 43 infants with a simple random sampling technique. The research instrument used questionnaires and interviews to obtain data on exclusive breastfeeding, to measure gross motor and fine motor skills development using a checklist form based on Denver II. Data analysis used the Chi-square test with a significance level of α <0.05. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between breastfeeding and gross motor skills development in infants (p=0,000), and there was no relationship between breastfeeding and fine motor skills development in infants (p=0,191). Conclusion: The study concludes that there is the level of knowledge and readiness of mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding was still lacking and it could cause gross motor skills in infants to experience delays, although not significantly. By providing breastfeeding, it can provide many benefits for mothers and babies, so it is hoped that mothers will increase their knowledge about giving breastfeeding exclusively and implementing it.

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