Coping Styles in Pregnancy, Their Demographic and Psychological Influences, and Their Association with Postpartum Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Women in China

We aimed to investigate the coping styles of Chinese pregnant women, identify factors associated with coping and further explore the effect of coping during pregnancy on postpartum depression. A longitudinal study was performed from early pregnancy to six-week postpartum. A total of 1126 women were recruited by convenience sampling and participants who completed eight questionnaires at four time points were included (three self-developed questionnaires, Coping Style Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Brief Resilience Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) (n = 615). Linear regression analyses were used to identify the possible factors for coping and their association with postpartum depression. The mean scores of positive coping and negative coping were 2.03 and 1.21, respectively. Women with a higher educational level scored higher on both positive and negative coping in pregnancy. Resilience was associated with both positive and negative coping, while self-esteem only related to positive coping (p < 0.05). Postpartum depression was associated with both positive and negative coping (p < 0.05). The women in our study reported using positive coping styles more than negative coping antenatally. Positive and negative coping behaviors could be used simultaneously. Increasing self-esteem and resilience antenatally might promote more positive coping and further reduce the occurrence of postpartum depression.

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Influences on coping styles during pregnancy, and association with postpartum depression: a cohort study

10.21203/rs.2.13942/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Min Yu ◽

Wenjie Gong ◽

Beck Taylor ◽

Yiyuan Cai ◽

Dong (Roman) Xu

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Care Providers ◽

Antenatal Period ◽

Positive Coping ◽

Negative Coping ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Few studies have examined protective or risk factors for coping styles of pregnant women, and studies which focus on coping in different ethnic populations are needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the coping styles of pregnant women and identify possible factors associated with coping. We further explored the effect of coping styles during pregnancy on postpartum depression.Methods Convenience sampling was used to recruit pregnant women in two maternal and child health hospitals in Hunan province, China. Participants completed the Self-made Questionnaire, Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 4 time points (gestational week 12 or earlier; week 21~24; week 31~32; and 6 weeks postpartum). Totally 615 women were included in this study. Linear Regression analyses were used respectively to identify the possible predictors for coping and its effect on postpartum depression.Results (1) The resilience were associated with both positive and negative coping while self-esteem only related to positive coping in the antenatal period; (2) Women with a higher educational level scored higher on both positive and negative coping in pregnancy; (3) Higher level of positive coping and lower level of negative coping in the antenatal period were associated with postpartum depression.Conclusions Women with low self-esteem and resilience may have problems in coping in pregnancy and it would be necessary to identify women antenatally with these factors and help them deal with stressors during pregnancy better. Women with a higher level of education were more likely to use both positive and negative coping, which implied integration of different coping could be further explored in future research. Postpartum depression was associated with both positive and negative coping, indicating that coping intervention could be targeted for women with coping issues to prevent postpartum depression for care providers.

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Coping styles and self-esteem as mediators of the perfectionism-depression relationship among Chinese undergraduates

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2012.40.1.157 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 157-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bin Zhang ◽

Taisheng Cai

Keyword(s):

Coping Styles ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Future Research ◽

Final Model ◽

Positive Coping ◽

Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽

Counseling Interventions ◽

Negative Coping ◽

The Relationship ◽

Chinese Undergraduates

We examined the roles of negative coping, positive coping, and self-esteem as mediators of the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and depression with a sample of 412 Chinese undergraduates. Participants completed measures of perfectionism and it was found that negative coping and positive coping both partially mediated the association between maladaptive perfectionism and depression. The final model also revealed that positive coping partially mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and self-esteem. Implications for counseling interventions and future research are discussed.

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The Mediating Role of Resilience and Self-Esteem Between Life Events and Coping Styles Among Rural Left-Behind Adolescents in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.560556 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Li ◽

Yi-ping Chen ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Meng-meng Lv ◽

Maritta Välimäki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Coping Style ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Left Behind ◽

Positive Coping ◽

Negative Coping ◽

And Coping

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between life events and coping styles, and how resilience and self-esteem mediate the association.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 981 left-behind adolescents (LBAs) in five junior high schools in Hunan Province, China, from April 13 to April 20, 2020. We utilized self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Resilience Scale Chinese Adolescent, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire to assess the mental health of LBAs. Statistic description, Pearson correlation analysis, and structural equation model were adopted to analyze the data.Results: Results revealed that life events could negatively predict resilience (β = −0.29, P < 0.001) and self-esteem (β = −0.39, P < 0.001) and positively predict LBAs' positive coping style (β = 0.28, P < 0.001) and negative coping style (β = 0.21, P < 0.001). Self-esteem could also positively predict the resilience of LBAs (β = 0.62, P < 0.001); resilience could negatively predict the negative coping style (β = −0.21, P < 0.001) and positively predict the positive coping style (β = 0.79, P < 0.001). Life events not only have direct effects on negative coping style (β = 0.21) and positive coping style (β = 0.28) but also have indirect effects on coping styles by affecting resilience (β = −0.29) and self-esteem (β = −0.39). The total effect of life events on coping styles was 0.32, where 34.37% was mediated by resilience and self-esteem.Conclusion: We proved that resilience and self-esteem mediated most of the effects of life events on coping styles. The findings had important implications for interventions to promote mental health of LBAs, particularly the enhancement of resilience and self-esteem.

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Linking Childhood Maltreatment and Psychological Symptoms: The Role of Social Support, Coping Styles, and Self-Esteem in Adolescents

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520918571 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052091857

Author(s):

Shanshan Wang ◽

Huiqiong Xu ◽

Shichen Zhang ◽

Rong Yang ◽

Danlin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Coping Style ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Positive Coping ◽

Negative Coping ◽

The Relationship

Psychological symptoms are common among adolescents in China, which are associated with various negative consequences. There has been a pressing need for additional research of factors responsible for the occurrence of psychological symptoms during this developmental period, among which childhood maltreatment, personal coping style, one’s levels of social support, and self-esteem deserve our attention. The association between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms is evident; however, the possible mediating effect of the other three factors mentioned above remains unclear. Hence, the current study aims to investigate the possible mediating roles of social support, coping style, and self-esteem in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the development of psychological symptoms among adolescents. An adolescent-based health survey was conducted between 2013 and 2014 in 15 schools in China. A total of 9,704 students (aged 11–19 years) were enrolled and measures on childhood maltreatment, social support, coping styles, self-esteem, and psychological symptoms were completed. It was found that childhood maltreatment was positively correlated with psychological symptoms and negative coping styles, and negatively correlated with social support, positive coping styles, and self-esteem ( p < .001). Social support, coping styles, and self-esteem mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms. The estimated effect of childhood maltreatment on the occurrence of psychological symptoms could be explained by the mediation of social support, positive coping styles, negative coping styles, and self-esteem, whose ratio of roles came to 13.8%, 7.5%, 20.9%, and 10.3%, respectively. These findings indicate a need to promote social support, self-esteem, and positive coping styles, and decrease the level of negative coping styles, to markedly reduce the impact of psychological symptoms of childhood maltreatment among adolescents.

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Incidence of Postpartum Depression and Its Association With Antenatal Psychiatric Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study in 25 Villages of Rural South Karnataka

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1177/0253717621991061 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 025371762199106

Author(s):

Meera George ◽

Avita Rose Johnson ◽

Sulekha T.

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Newborn Care ◽

Care Program

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the commonest mental health disorder post-childbirth, yet there is a paucity of data in rural areas regarding the actual incidence of PPD, which excludes pre-existing or antenatal depression. To estimate the incidence of PPD among rural women of south Karnataka and identify predictors of PPD, including antenatal psychiatric disorders. Methods: A longitudinal study in 25 villages in south Karnataka among 150 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy using simple random sampling. Baseline data collected and revised Clinical Interview Schedule used to screen antenatal psychiatric disorders. Participants followed-up 6–8 weeks postpartum, end-line data collected, and Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale administered. Chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests for association between PPD and covariates. Logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios. Results: Prevalence of antenatal psychiatric disorders was 15.3%. The incidence of PPD was 11%. A significantly higher proportion of PPD was found among women with adverse events in the last year, low socioeconomic status, and perceived lack of care/support at home. Predictors of PPD were antenatal psychiatric disorders (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.22–5.11; P = 0.028), mothers reporting worry about their infant’s health (AOR = 7.7, 95% CI = 1.22–48.32; P = 0.012) and mothers receiving postpartum care by caregivers other than their own mother (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.13–8.09; P = 0.030). Conclusions: Our study found that one in ten rural women is developing PPD and there is a strong link between PPD and antenatal psychiatric disorders and family factors. This calls for capacity building of general physicians and village-level workers and strengthening of the Home-Based Newborn Care Program, where weekly postpartum home visits by ASHA are an opportunity for screening and counselling mothers.

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Relationships of coping styles and psychological distress among patients with insomnia disorder

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03254-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yinghui Li ◽

Xiaoyin Cong ◽

Suzhen Chen ◽

Yong Li

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Coping Style ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Sleep Complaints ◽

Positive Coping ◽

Insomnia Disorder ◽

Negative Coping

Abstract Background Insomnia appears to be one of the most frequent sleep complaints in the general population. It has significant negative impact on daily functioning. However, there has been little research that described the effect of coping style in insomnia disorder. Methods The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) was used to evaluate 79 adult patients with insomnia disorder alongside 80 healthy controls. Additionally, sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90R) was utilized to determine the status of depression, anxiety and other psychological symptoms. Results Positive coping style score was significantly lower, whereas negative coping style score and nine symptomatic dimensions of SCL-90R were significantly higher in insomnia patients than in controls. Positive coping style score was adversely related to PSQI score, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety and phobic anxiety, whereas negative coping style score was positively related to PSQI score, somatization and interpersonal sensitivity. Further multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that PSQI total score was independently and positively correlated with negative coping style score. Conclusions Insomniacs use more negative coping styles and less positive ones. Positive coping is adversely associated with insomnia symptoms and psychological distress, whereas negative coping is positively related to those symptoms. And negative coping has a negative effect on sleep quality. we should attach importance to coping styles of insomniacs in clinical practice, which may help to develop more targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

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The Interactive Effects of Cognition on Coping Styles among Chinese during the COVID-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3148

Author(s):

Zemin Cai ◽

Shukai Zheng ◽

Yanhong Huang ◽

William W. Au ◽

Zhaolong Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

Coping Style ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Control Measures ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Positive Coping ◽

Negative Coping

Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has seriously affected people’s life. The main aim of our investigation was to determine the interactive effects of disease awareness on coping style among Chinese residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 616 Chinese residents from 28 provinces were recruited to participate in this investigation. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, cognition of COVID-19, and disease-related stress sources. Coping styles were assessed via the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Results: The survey showed that the main source of information on COVID-19 was different in relation to gender, age, educational level, and occupation (p < 0.001). People’s knowledge of the disease, preventive measures, and stress factors were different in relation to demographic characteristics (p < 0.001). Compared with the baseline values, the scores of positive coping and negative coping based on SCSQ in relation to gender, age, educational level, and occupation were statistically significant (p < 0.001, except for participants older than 60 years). Different educational levels corresponded to statistical significant differences in positive coping (p = 0.004) but not in negative coping. Conclusions: During the pandemic, people with different characteristics had different levels of preventive measures’ awareness, which influenced their coping styles. Therefore, during public health emergencies, knowledge of prevention and control measures should be efficiently provided to allow more effective coping styles.

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The impact of coping on self-esteem and mental status of patients with COPD

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.628 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s500-s500

Author(s):

I. Papava ◽

A.C. Bredicean ◽

L. Dehelean ◽

R. Romosan ◽

A.M. Romosan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Status ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Depression Score ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Psychological Dimension ◽

The Impact

IntroductionCOPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a chronic illness associated with psychological distress. Self-esteem and the associated comorbidities, like depression and anxiety, can influence its evolution.ObjectivesTo analyze how predominant coping styles associated with different levels of self-esteem and mental status in patients with COPD.AimsTo demonstrate that different types of coping-styles have an impact on self-esteem, depression and anxiety.MethodsTo a lot consisting of 28 subjects with COPD, was applied the COPE scale to assess the style of coping, to rate anxiety and depression The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and for self-esteem the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. According to their higher coping sub-scale score, they were classified to one dominant coping type as follows: patients with problem-focused coping type (n = 9), emotion-focused coping (n = 10), social support-focused coping (n = 6), respectively avoiding coping type (n = 3).ResultsPatients with dominant problem-focused coping had the most elevated self-esteem compared to patients with social-focused coping (22.0 vs. 16.2; P = 0.039), the depression score was the highest in patients with dominant avoidance-type coping and the lowest in patients with dominant problem-focused coping (11.0 vs. 5.6; P = 0.042) respectively anxiety, was the highest in patients with dominant social-focused coping and the lowest in patients with dominant emotion-focused coping (11.6 vs. 5.0; P = 0.006).ConclusionsIn patients with COPD, problem-focused and emotion-focused copings are adaptive, while avoidance and emotion-focused copings are maladaptive on self-esteem and mental status. Such as, the coping represents a psychological dimension with an impact on the evolution of the disease, and the patients with COPD should be assessed and addressed multidisciplinary.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Active And Avoidant Coping Profiles In Children And Their Relationship With Anxiety And Depression During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1145469/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiaochu Zhang ◽

Samuel M.Y. Ho ◽

Yanlin Zhou

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Mainland China ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Avoidant Coping ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Active and avoidant coping styles are important dispositional factors for the development of anxiety and depression symptoms. Children use both active and avoidant coping together in daily life. No studies have investigated the relationship between active-avoidant coping profiles and internalizing symptoms of children in the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to investigate children’s active-avoidant coping profiles and assess the relationship of active-avoidant coping profiles to anxiety and depression symptoms in the COVID-19 pandemic. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted among 322 Chinese children in mainland China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed the Children’s Coping Strategies Checklist – Revised1 in Time 1 and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in Time 1 and 6 months later (Time 2). Four active-avoidant coping profiles were revealed: Low Active copers, High Active copers, Balanced copers, and Avoidant copers. Low and High Active copers were related to lower levels of anxiety and depression symptoms than Balanced copers and Avoidant copers. Avoidant copers showed less decrease in depression symptoms than Balanced copers and High Active copers. It is important to improve children's active-avoidant coping profiles for relieving anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Resilience, stress, and coping among Canadian medical students

Canadian Medical Education Journal ◽

10.36834/cmej.36689 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e5-e12 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Behruz Rahimi ◽

Marilyn Baetz ◽

Rudy Bowen ◽

Lloyd Balbuena

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

General Population ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Medical Training ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Self Care ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Coping ◽

Negative Coping

Background: Numerous studies have established that medical school is a stressful place but coping styles and resilience have not been adequately addressed as protective factors.Method: Using a cross-sectional design, 155 students were surveyed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Canadian Community Health Survey Coping Scale. Mean scores were compared by gender and between our sample and normative scores using t-tests. Multivariate linear regression was performed to examine whether stress levels were related to coping and resilience.Results: Medical students had higher perceived stress, negative coping, and lower resilience than age and gender-matched peers in the general population. Male medical students had higher positive coping scores than general population peers and higher resilience, and lower perceived stress than female medical students. Coping scores did not vary by gender in our sample. The multivariate model showed that resilience and negative, but not positive coping, predicted stress.Conclusions: Medical students are neither more resilient nor better equipped with coping skills than peers in the population. Greater emphasis on self-care among medical trainees is recommended. Emphasizing the importance of self-care during medical training, whether by formal incorporation into the curriculum or informal mentorship, deserves further study.

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