scholarly journals How Can Adolescents Benefit from the Use of Social Networks? The iGeneration on Instagram

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 6952
Author(s):  
Sabrina Cipolletta ◽  
Clelia Malighetti ◽  
Chiara Cenedese ◽  
Andrea Spoto
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Repertory Grids ◽  
Interpersonal Experience ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Need For Approval ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Italian Adolescents

In the last few years, Instagram has been a topic of much contention, as it has been shown to be associated with both risks and benefits for young users. This study explores the influence of the use of Instagram on adolescents’ constructions of self and interpersonal experience. Forty Italian adolescents aged between 11 and 16 years were interviewed and completed repertory grids. The results showed that the adolescents’ self-construction and distance from others were mostly influenced by receiving, or not receiving, positive feedback, rather than by using Instagram itself. Specifically, there was an increase in self-acceptance and social desirability after receiving a “like” and an increase in social isolation after receiving no “likes”. The regression model also showed a decrease in self-acceptance on Instagram in the case of female adolescents, and in participants who edited photos. These findings are useful for understanding the constant need for approval adolescents require today and could be used as a guiding tool for future studies and intervention policies. The present study offers an innovative methodology that refers to the relevant dimensions of adolescents’ self-construction rather than investigating the more general relationship between personality traits and social networks’ use.

scholarly journals A Scientific Approach to the Shakespeare Authorship Question

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401882346
Author(s):  
R. John Leigh ◽  
John Casson ◽  
David Ewald
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Issue Evaluation ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence

In the field of science, it is widely accepted that all hypotheses and theories can, and should, be tested. Here, we treat the authorship of the works attributed to William Shakespeare from Stratford-upon-Avon as a hypothesis (rather than received truth) and review the current methods available for testing this hypothesis. Justification for this investigation arises from the recent identification of several of Shakespeare’s coauthors. To illustrate potential approaches, we compare the widely accepted Stratfordian hypothesis with other competing hypotheses (authorship candidates), mainly referring to the case for Henry Neville (1562-1615). First, we identify important components of the scientific method as applied to the Shakespeare authorship issue: evaluation of evidence, formulation of a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and rejecting or revising the hypothesis. Referring to historical examples, we show how the scientific method has produced precise, dependable advances, even though the way in which it proceeds is often messy. Crucial for science’s progress is confirmation of experimental results, and discussion (with peer review) by the community of scientists before any hypothesis gains general acceptance. Second, using the example of Neville as a candidate, we provide specific examples of application of these principles to factors such as a candidate’s social networks, access to privileged knowledge, and textual analysis; we comment on the strengths and weakness of each approach, and how they might be applied in future studies. Throughout, we stress how doubt is an essential ingredient of progress not only in science but also in knowledge generally, including the Shakespeare authorship debate.

scholarly journals Problems and prospects of personality formation and development in the context of social well-being

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3B) ◽  
pp. 470-480
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Volodymyrovych Tsekhmister ◽  
Tetiana Konovalova ◽  
Irina Mykhaylivna Ovdiyenko ◽  
Oleksandra Brukhovetska ◽  
Tetiana Volodymyrivna Chausova
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Younger Generation

The goal of the article is to empirically establish the problems and determine the prospects of formation and development of personality in the context of social well-being. The empirical study surveyed 120 students and students, 118 adults, and 112 seniors. The age of the respondents ranged from 14 to 70 years old. Psychodiagnosis was carried out through cooperation with educational institutions, social protection institutions and with the help of social networks. Respondents were from: Khmelnitsky, Rivne, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Cherkasy, Vinnitsa, Ternopil, Poltava, Kherson, Odessa regions. Respondents were pupils, students, teachers, medics, trade and service workers, ICT specialists, and pensioners. The main problems of personality formation and development in the context of social well-being are: disregard of altruistic, cognitive, existential life meanings by the younger generation; prevalence of hedonistic beginning over high-spiritual; increased attention to obtaining status and power; consideration of self-realization and status outside the cognitive sphere; low adaptability in society, poorly expressed acceptance of others and self-acceptance, low level of emotional comfort.

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks and adherence to physical activity and screen time recommendations among adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga ◽  
Jean-Philippe Chaput
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Relevant Covariates

Abstract Background: It is recommended that youth aged 12–17 years achieve ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) and limit their recreational screen time (ST) to ≤2 h/day. However, whether unhealthy eating behavior is associated with adherence to PA and ST recommendations in youth is largely unknown. Objective: This study examined the associations between adherence to PA and ST recommendations with consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and energy drinks (EDs) in a representative sample of adolescents. Methods: Data on 11–19-year-old Ottawa (Canada) students (n=1147) were analyzed using self-reported information on consumption of SSBs and EDs, and time devoted to PA and ST. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between adherence to PA and ST recommendations and consumption of SSBs and EDs. Results: Adherence to the ST recommendation was inversely associated with consumption of SSBs [odds ratio (OR)=0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.21–0.86] and EDs (OR=0.54, 95% CI=0.31–0.92) in females only, independent of PA and relevant covariates. However, adherence to the PA recommendation was positively associated with consumption of EDs in females (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.07–2.17) but not males, while it was not associated with consumption of SSBs in both sexes. Conclusion: Among female adolescents, adherence to the ST recommendation is inversely associated with consumption of SSBs and EDs, while adherence to the PA recommendation is positively associated with consumption of EDs. Future studies should clarify the observed sex differences and determine if decreasing ST can reduce the consumption of SSBs and EDs among adolescents.

scholarly journals Schoolchildren cooperate more successfully with non-kin than with siblings

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1944) ◽  
pp. 20202951
Author(s):  
Gladys Barragan-Jason ◽  
Maxime Cauchoix ◽  
Anne Regnier ◽  
Marie Bourjade ◽  
Astrid Hopfensitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Old French ◽  
Current View ◽  
Future Studies

Cooperation plays a key role in the development of advanced societies and can be stabilized through shared genes (kinship) or reciprocation. In humans, cooperation among kin occurs more readily than cooperation among non-kin. In many organisms, cooperation can shift with age (e.g. helpers at the nest); however, little is known about developmental shifts between kin and non-kin cooperation in humans. Using a cooperative game, we show that 3- to 10-year-old French schoolchildren cooperated less successfully with siblings than with non-kin children, whether or not non-kin partners were friends. Furthermore, children with larger social networks cooperated better and the perception of friendship among non-friends improved after cooperating. These results contrast with the well-established preference for kin cooperation among adults and indicate that non-kin cooperation in humans might serve to forge and extend non-kin social relationships during middle childhood and create opportunities for future collaboration beyond kin. Our results suggest that the current view of cooperation in humans may only apply to adults and that future studies should focus on how and why cooperation with different classes of partners might change during development in humans across cultures as well as other long-lived organisms.

scholarly journals Determining Boundary Conditions of Social Influence for Social Networks Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharshani Chandrasekara ◽  
Darshana Sedera ◽  
Caddie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavioural Research ◽  
Research Domains

Social media is an important consideration in most behavioural research domains. Naturally, there is a wealth of studies employing social media as a rich context to derive insights. Over the years, such studies in information systems discipline too have made substantial knowledge contributions. With the proliferation of social media, researchers in recent times recognise some unique and fundamental differences in social media that would be beneficial to be considered in future studies. This paper contributes to the aforementioned theme by recognising five boundary conditions applicable to social media context, that would be applicable to a broad range research in information systems.

Utilization of Social Networks for Human Resources Purposes

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-198
Author(s):  
Maryam Haghshenas ◽  
Abouzar Sadeghzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Share Information ◽  
The Way

Social media is revolutionizing the way people connect and share information. LinkedIn, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and other social media are changing the way we interact, and many organizations are struggling to respond. Given the potential risks and benefits of social media in the workplace, it is critical for managers to develop policies and procedures governing its appropriate use. This chapter identifies key issues and poses strategic questions to help guide managers in making more informed decisions when navigating social media issues in their organizations. After a brief introduction, current most popular social websites and tools are described concisely. Relationships between social media and human resources are then discussed. Utilizing social media in organizations are not without risks, which are thoroughly talked about further along with the benefits of such websites for recruitment. Finally, recommendations are made for companies that are considering utilizing social media and for companies that have already benefitted from such networks to improve their strategies.

Self-Reported Benefits and Adverse Outcomes of Hot Yoga Participation

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Mace ◽  
Brandon Eggleston
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Background: There is little to no scientific data about the health benefits or risks to participating in hot yoga, in particular distinguishing it from the practice of non-hot yoga. Aims: This study aims to provide some preliminary evidence about the risks and benefits of participating in hot yoga. Future studies will be able to build off the findings herein. Methods: This study utilized online survey software (Qualtrics) and recruited participants through convenience sampling (n = 157) by targeting yoga websites and online forums. As there is currently no known questionnaire that has been developed to assess the risks and benefits of hot yoga participation, an exploratory measure was designed to gain more detailed responses from participants. Descriptive epidemiological analyses we re conducted. Results : Participants of hot yoga had a number of pre-existing health conditions. Both benefits and adverse outcomes were reported. The most frequently reported health benefits of hot yoga in this sample included increased flexibility (63%), improved mood (58%), increased fitness (43%), and improved stamina (42%). Just over half of the participants reported some sort of adverse event during a hot yoga session (n = 82). The most commonly reported adverse events included dizziness (60%), feeling light headed (61%), nausea (35%), and dehydration (34%), amongst others. Conclusions: Further study on the risks and benefits of hot yoga participation is required.

scholarly journals Subjective Numeracy and the Influence of Order and Amount of Audible Information on Perceived Medication Value

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Fraenkel ◽  
Marilyn Stolar ◽  
Sarah Swift ◽  
Richard L. Street ◽  
Harjinder Chowdhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Written Materials

Background. Order and amount of information influence patients’ risk perceptions, but most studies have evaluated patients’ reactions to written materials. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of 4 communication strategies, varying in their order and/or amount of information, on judgments related to an audible description of a new medication and among patients who varied in subjective numeracy. Methods. We created 5 versions of a hypothetical scenario describing a new medication. The versions were composed to elucidate whether order and/or amount of the information describing benefits and adverse events influenced how subjects valued a new medication. After listening to a randomly assigned version, perceived medication value was measured by asking subjects to choose one of the following statements: the risks outweigh the benefits, the risks and benefits are equally balanced, or the benefits outweigh the risks. Results. Of the 432 patients contacted, 389 participated in the study. Listening to a brief description of benefits followed by an extended description of adverse events resulted in a greater likelihood of perceiving that the medication’s benefits outweighed the risks compared with 1) presenting the extended adverse events description before the benefits, 2) giving a greater amount of information related to benefits, and 3) sandwiching the adverse events between benefits. These associations were only observed among subjects with average or higher subjective numeracy. Conclusion. If confirmed in future studies, our results suggest that, for patients with average or better subjective numeracy, perceived medication value is highest when a brief presentation of benefits is followed by an extended description of adverse events.

Hikikomori Risk Inventory (HRI-24): A new instrument for evaluating Hikikomori in both Eastern and Western countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402097580
Author(s):  
Yura Loscalzo ◽  
Cristian Nannicini ◽  
I-Ting Huai-Ching Liu ◽  
Marco Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Stable Factor ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Italian Adolescents ◽  
Shed Light

Background: Hikikomori, a clinical condition widely studied in Japan, is receiving increasing attention in Western Countries. Aims: This study aimed to create a new instrument for evaluating the risk of Hikikomori in both Eastern and Western countries. Methods: Through two studies on Italian adolescents, youths, and adults ( n = 1,285) and a study on Japanese youths and adults ( n = 392), we analyzed the psychometric properties of the Hikikomori Risk Inventory (HRI-24). Results: We found support, in both the Italian and Japanese samples, for the good and stable factor structure of the scale (CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.057 for both the adult samples), as well as for its convergent and divergent validity. Conclusions: The HRI-24 might be used in future studies in both Western and Eastern countries to shed light on the features of this clinical disorder in different cultures. This will allow the development of culture-sensitive preventive and clinical interventions.

scholarly journals The Development of the P.E.T.Scale for the Measurement of Physical and Emotional Tormenting Against Animals in Adolescents

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Baldry
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Animal Abuse ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Italian Adolescents

AbstractThe Physical and Emotional Tormenting Against Animals Scale (P.E.T.) is a new self-administered scale to measure physical and emotional abuse against animals among adolescents. This study is a first attempt to establish the reliability and validity of this newly developed scale with a non-clinical sample of 1396 Italian adolescents, aged 11-17 years.The scale measures different dimensions of animal abuse, ranging from mild to more severe: bothering, tormenting, hitting, harming, and being cruel to an animal. The scale measures the prevalence and frequency of directed and witnessed abuse against animals. Principal components analysis suggested a two factor solution, with factors labeled "direct" and "indirect" animal abuse; internal consistency was good for each factor.The direct animal abuse factor was significantly correlated with the Child Behavior Checklist's single item assessing engagement in cruelty against animals. These findings suggest that the PET scale has potential as an instrument for the measurement of animal abuse. Future studies of the PET scale's psychometric properties, and cross-validation on new populations, are needed.

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