scholarly journals COVID-19 Risk Management and Screening in the Penitentiary Facilities of the Salerno Province in Southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8033
Author(s):  
Antonio Maria Pagano ◽  
Aniello Maiese ◽  
Carmine Izzo ◽  
Adamo Maiese ◽  
Marcello Ametrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control

(1) Background: The emergency linked to the spread of COVID-19 in Italy has led to inevitable consequences on the penitentiary system. The risks of this emergency in prisons is mainly related to the problem of persistent overcrowding that makes social distancing difficult and the isolation of any contagion hard to arrange. The Department of Protection for Adults and Minors of the ASL Salerno Criminal Area has taken steps in order to perform screening operations and minimize the risks for prisoners and operators. (2) Methods: We conducted a two-phase observational study. In the first phase, we offered and then executed serum COVID-19 screening to all the convicted inmates. For those who had a doubtful or positive result, a swab was executed in the shortest time possible. In the second phase, a pharyngeal swab was offered and executed to all the police officers, the penitentiary administrative staff and the medical personnel working in the prison. (3) Results: In the first phase, we executed 485 COVID-19 blood tests on prisoners, 3 (0.61%) of which were positive. The three positive inmates underwent nasopharyngeal swabbing, which ultimately were negative. After that, we executed 276 nasopharyngeal swabs on the prison personnel, penitentiary administrative staff and medical personnel—all were negative. (4) Conclusion: All tests (blood tests and swabs) that were carried out on the prisoners and on the staff were negative for COVID-19. We believe that all prisons in Italy and in the world should take action to ensure preventive and control measures in order to safeguard the health of the prison population and of all the people who work there.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of a Comprehensive Device Associated Healthcare-Associated Infections Prevention and Control Program: results of a 3-year program in the Republic of Cyprus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios Iordanou ◽  
Nicos Middleton ◽  
Elizabeth Papathanassoglou ◽  
Lakis Palazis ◽  
VASILIOS RAFTOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Device-associated health care-associated infections (DA-HAIs) are a major threat to patient safety, particularly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a bundle of infection control measures to reduce DA-HAIs in the ICU of a General Hospital in the Republic of Cyprus, over a three-year period. Methods: We studied 599 ICU patients with length of stay (LOS) for at least 48 hours. Our prospective cohort study was divided into three surveillance phases. VAP, CLABSI, and CAUTI incidence rates, LOS and mortality were calculated before, during and after the infection prevention and control program. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the number of DA-HAI events during the surveillance periods, associated with DA-HAIs prevention efforts. In 2015 (prior to program implementation), the baseline DA-HAIs instances were 43: 16 VAP (10.1/1000 Device Days), 21 (15.9/1000DD) CLABSIs and 6 (2.66/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=198). During the second phase (2016), CLABSIs prevention measures were implemented and the number of infections were 24: 14 VAP (12.21/1000DD), 4 (4.2/1000DD) CLABSIs & 6 (3.22/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=184). During the third phase (2017), VAP and CAUTI prevention measure were again implemented and the rates were 6: (3 VAP: 12.21/1000DD), 2 (1.95/1000DD) CLABSIs & 1 (0.41/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=217). There was an overall reduction of 87% in the total number of DA-HAIs instances for the period 01/01/15 to 31/12/17. Conclusions: The significant overall reduction in DA-HAI rates, indicates that a comprehensive infection control program can affect DA-HAI rates.

Application of AHP and Geospatial Techniques for Evaluating Gully Erosion Vulnerability in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Deborah Alaigba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pairwise Comparison Matrix ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Benin City ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control

Gully erosion remains a major threat to the people of Benin City. This study applies Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and geospatial techniques to evaluate vulnerability to gully erosion in Benin City, Nigeria. Five essential criteria were identified based on literature, and evaluation by experts. Pairwise Comparison Matrix (PCM) was obtained and weights for each of the PCM were determined using AHP. The consistency of generated weights obtained is not above 0.07. The method resulted in a gully erosion vulnerability model. Analysis of the model revealed that 52.1% (488.69Km2) of the area is vulnerable to gully erosion, while 3.4% (32.37 Km2) was found to be highly vulnerable to gully erosion. Fieldwork was conducted to establish the people’s perception and identify the causes and control measures for the gully erosion problem in the area. Findings on the major contributing factor that leads to the gully erosion formation showed that lack of drainage system accounts for 56.25%, improper land use practice account for 25%, and bad road construction (18.75%). About 50% of the respondents are of the view that an adequate drainage system would go a long way to mitigate the gully erosion. This present study has provided information on the state of gully erosion vulnerability in Benin City through mapping of vulnerable areas.

Influences of Obstacles Installed in the Container on the Superheated Liquid Boiling

2012 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Ning Chen
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Superheated Liquid ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Microscopic Mechanism ◽  
Boiling Process ◽  
And Control

During the accident mechanism investigation of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE), numerous dada shows that overheated liquid explosive boiling is the main reason and driving force to cause accidents. Research on the micro-process of overheated liquid instant boiling in BLEVE as well as the microscopic mechanism to influence this process development under different device conditions is favorable to seek the preventive and control measures for this accident. In this paper, regarding the mesh obstacle provided inside the storage tank, high-speed camera technology has been utilized to shoot the boiling process during continuous leakage of the storage tank, and the influence of the obstacle on the overheated liquid boiling has been tested and analyzed. It is found out that the boiling process of overheated liquid has been delayed. When the bubbles are rising, the growth process has been suppressed, after passing the obstacle, the movement speed and volume has been decreased, and the upward expansion speed of two-phase flow has also been decreased.

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness about airborne pathogens and its prevention among the general public

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Ashritha M ◽  
Geetha R V ◽  
Jayalakshmi Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The People ◽  
Airborne Disease ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

The airborne disease is mainly caused by the pathogens, which spread through respiratory droplets while coughing, sneezing or talking. Infection protection and control measures are taken to prevent the possible spread of , which also spreads through respiratory droplets. Discharged microbes are suspended in the air as dust particles and even in the form of droplets. The Middle East respiratory syndrome is caused by wherein the health workers are at a higher risk. Hence, awareness must be created in order to reduce a number of cases. The preventive measures are mainly taken in health care as patients are susceptible to diseases. It is essential for all the people to become aware and take steps according. The survey was distributed online to around 100 participants of various places of Tamil regarding the awareness of airborne pathogens. From this above study, it could be noticed that around 85% of the people are aware of the airborne pathogen whereas 15% of the people are not aware of. 64% of people have a good knowledge of the symptoms of any type of airborne disease. the protective measures that must be taken, about 65% of the people are conscious of doing it. The study concludes that there is awareness of airborne pathogens and its prevention among the general public.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the compliance of people with the containment measures and wearing-mask behaviours in different stages of COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Erhan KAYA ◽  
Hüseyin ÜÇER
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The People ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Chisquare Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
And Control

Introduction. Protection measurements should be paid attention so that the regions affected to a great extent gain time for medical care and medical facilities can cope with increasing intensive care cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in the rate of behaviours of people related to going out and wearing a mask during the pandemic in Turkey. Material and methods. This observational study investigated people’s behaviours of going out and mask-wearing in the province of Kahramanmaras in Turkey during 4 different periods with 14-day intervals before and after Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 48 hours camera record made in 4 different periods at 12 pedestrian crossings used intensively by people was examined. Two researchers recorded and examined the number and gender of the people using these pedestrian crossings and their wearing-mask behaviours on a data collection form. The obtained data were presented as tables and graphics, showing numbers and percentages. Appropriate mask-wearing according to gender was analysed by ChiSquare test. Results. The number of people using pedestrian crossings decreased by 70.19% for men and 87.07% for women compared to before the pandemic. When comparing the appropriate mask-wearing according to gender, it was concluded that women had a higher statistically significant rate on the appropriate mask-wearing compared to men (p<0.05).Conclusions. Compliance to mask-wearing and control measures was high at the beginning of the pandemic. A high percentage of women wore masks correctly. About 40 days after the pandemic started, people wore the mask less correctly.

A population model for Noogoora Burr (Xanthium occidentale).

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Martin ◽  
JA Carnahan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Weed Biological Control ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
And Control

Noogoora burr (Xanthium occidentale), an annual species, is an important weed of sheep grazing lands in eastern Australia. This paper describes a model of Noogoora bun population dynamics which enables alternative management and control procedures to be simulated. The model is based on a two-phase life cycle with a long-lived overlapping population of seeds and short-lived non- overlapping populations of plants. The model takes into account changes in soil seed reserves due to germination, decay and dispersal. Density dependent processes affecting seed production were incorporated by using Shinozaki's reciprocal yield equation and measure- ments were made of seed losses due to granivory by birds and mice. Simple rainfall records were used to derive the model which was used to predict changes in seed populations in various environments. Theoretical seed populations were close to those actually observed. The model was also used to predict how particular control measures might affect population densities and the types of organisms which might be appropriate for biological control of the weed. Biological control appears to be the only possible means of controlling the large scale infestations of Noogoora burr in semi- arid areas where landholders have abandoned conventional control techniques.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF COOPERATION AND TEAMWORK BETWEEN PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-104
Author(s):  
Suada Ajdarpašić ◽  
◽  
Rialda Muharemi ◽  
Edonis Buxhovi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Countries ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The People ◽  
Operating Process ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
And Control

A topic that tells a lot about us as human beings, about our abilities and virtues is the fact that shows and explains how much we are able to work together and make collective decisions in the operating process. How much people are willing to cooperate, plan, organize, coordinate, manage and control the situation, depends on many factors. In continuation of my work, I will explain how much people are willing to provide the support to their colleagues, friends and random people in teamwork when making decisions on a specific field, and also the cooperation process between the people on many stages in transition countries. This work comes down to personal study, where, I have based on the questionnaire dedicated to the students, academic and administrative staff at the different Universities and Secondary schools of Kosovo. What is their general perception about cooperation and teamwork, its quality, advantages and disadvantages, its reflection on success or failure, the significance of individual and collective decisions, current and future application of, friendships with other ethnicity, and many other issues, it is stated in the further work. According to the data collected it can be said that the interviewed people are familiar in a large % with the process of cooperation, whether in a small group but also in a large group. However, why is it applied or not you will read throughout this paper.

Discussion on Noise Pollution and its Control Measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 6128-6131
Author(s):  
An Wang ◽  
Xiang Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The People ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

From physiology perspective, always disturb people to rest, the sound that learn and works, namely do not need to voice, all are considered noise. When noise to the people and the surrounding environment adverse effects, the formation of the noise pollution. This paper analyzes the harms and the effects on people, and puts forward prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Surveillance and Control Efforts for Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negatives at a High Burden Vietnam University Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s398-s398
Author(s):  
Tuan Huynh ◽  
Vasquez Amber ◽  
Lan Pham ◽  
Loan Luong ◽  
Tuan Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
And Control

Background: Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria are an urgent threat to healthcare safety around the world. In Vietnam, Although surveillance and control of multidrug-resistant organisms is a national priority, information on the burden of these resistant pathogens is still scarce. At University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, we aimed to better understand carbapenem-resistance through 2 phases: (1) assess proportion of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative organisms that are carbapanemase-producing (CP-CRO) and (2) assess transmission burden of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterieacea (CP-CRE) in the general intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: In the first phase, all gram-negative clinical isolates collected between November 2018 and April 2019 were tested for carbapenem-resistance using the disc-diffusion method and were defined as meropenem resistant using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 break point (M100-Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 28th Edition). Carbapenem-resistant bacteria were tested for phenotypic carbapenemase-production using the Becton Dickinson Phoenix CPO Detect assay. In the second phase, we instituted CP-CRE rectal screening using CHROMagar mSuperCARBA media for all ICU patients from July through September 2019. Patients were screened on admission, and negative patients were rescreened every 2 days until discharge, death, or CRE-positive screening or culture. Admission prevalence and incidence of CP-CRE transmission was calculated among CP-CRE infected or colonized patients. Results: From November 2018 through April 2019, 599 gram-negative clinical isolates from 543 patient samples were identified. Of these, 108 were carbapenem-resistant; 107 (99%) of carbapenem-resistant isolates were carbapenemase-producing by phenotypic method. Most CP-CRO were Acinetobacter baumannii (45 of 107, 42%) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (39 of 107, 36%). During ICU CP-CRE colonization screening, the July positivity rate on admission was 40% (32 of 81), the August positivity rate on admission was 30% (21 of 71), and the September positivity rate on admission was 40% (30 of 75). Of those with negative admission screen, the proportion of new CP-CRE colonization in July was 45% (22 of 49), the proportion of new CP-CRE colonization in August was 64% (32 of 50), and the proportion of new CP-CRE colonization in September was 44% (20 of 45). Across all 3 months of screening, the proportions of CP-CRE that were Klebsiella, Citrobacter, or Enterobacter were 68% (118 of 174) and the proportion of CP-CRE that were Eschericia coli was 37% (56 of 174). The average number of days to turn from negative to positive screening result was 4.1. Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrates that nearly all carbapenem-resistant organisms at our hospital are carbapenemase producing. In the ICU, we identified a high burden of CP-CRE, attributable to high presence on admission and new acquisition in the ICU. An intervention package based on CDC-recommended enhanced infection control measures is being implemented to decrease CP-CRE transmission in the ICU.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

The SARS Epidemic in Hong Kong – A Human Calamity in the 21st Century

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
And Control

Summary Purpose: This paper reviews the epidemiology and control measures of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong. It sets out proposals for better preparedness to tackle the disease in future. Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) started to strike Hong Kong in March 2003. A total of 1,755 SARS cases with 298 deaths were reported. Prior to the occurrence of the disease in Hong Kong, an intense outbreak of atypical pneumonia was reported in the nearby Guangdong Province in Mainland China. Results: There were three phases in the epidemic. The first phase in March 2003 involved a teaching hospital. The infection originated from a visiting professor from Guangdong, He developed SARS in Hong Kong and died in a Hong Kong hospital. The second phase in April was the spread of the infection from the hospital to the community. The third phase in May was the declining period which ended in June following the removal of Hong Kong from the list of infected areas by WHO. Conclusion: Hong Kong was ill prepared at the early stage of the epidemic. The epidemic produced not only health but also social, economic and humanitarian problems. The epidemic, however, created a strong sense of unity among all sectors of the population in the fight against the disease.

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