scholarly journals Sources and Determinants of Wholegrain Intake in a Cohort of Australian Children Aged 12–14 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9229
Author(s):  
Amira Hassan ◽  
Gemma Devenish ◽  
Rebecca K. Golley ◽  
Diep Ha ◽  
Loc G. Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Sources ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infant Foods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
General Linear Model Procedure ◽  
Global Evidence

In the first two years of life, exposure to wholegrain foods may help establish life‑long consumption patterns associated with reduced risk of chronic disease, yet intake data are lacking for this age group. This cross‑sectional analysis aimed to determine intakes and food sources of wholegrains in a cohort of 828 Australian children aged 12–14 months, and to identify determinants of wholegrain intake. Three non‑consecutive days of dietary intake data were collected using a 24‑h recall and 2‑day estimated food record. The multiple source method was used to estimate usual wholegrain intake, and the multivariable general linear model procedure used to identify associations between usual wholegrain intake and socio‑demographic determinants. The mean wholegrain intake was 19.5 (±14) g/day, and the major food sources were ready to eat breakfast cereals (40%) breads and bread rolls (26.6%), flours and other cereal grains (9.4%), and commercial infant foods (8.3%). Lower wholegrain intakes were observed for children whose mothers were born in China (p < 0.001) and other Asian countries (p < 0.001), with the exception of India (p = 0.193); those with mothers aged less than 25 years (p = 0.001) and those with two or more siblings (p = 0.013). This study adds to the weight of global evidence highlighting the need to increase children’s intake of foods high in wholegrain, including in the first few years of life.

scholarly journals Disease phenotype analyses of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Canada and Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S32-S32
Author(s):  
M Alluqmani ◽  
M Alqermli ◽  
G Blevins ◽  
B Alotibi ◽  
F Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits a spectrum of clinical findings, especially in relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS). To assess the effects of geographic location and ethnicity on RR-MS phenotype, we investigated RR-MS patients in Canada and Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients receiving active care in MS Clinics was performed in Medina, Saudi Arabia and Edmonton, Alberta. Demographic and clinical data was collected for each patient. Results: 98 patients with treated RR-MS were recruited (n=51, Medina; n=47, Edmonton); 40 patients were Caucasian (Edmonton) while 46 patients were Bedouin (Medina). Although the disease duration was longer in the Edmonton (5.7+2.3 yr) compared to the Medina group (4.4+1.4 yr) (p<0.05), the mean age of RR-MS onset, relapse rate and EDSS change were similar. The female:male ratio was comparable in Edmonton (35:12) and Medina (32:19), as was the risk of optic neuritis. The likelihood of an infratentorial lesion-associated presentation differed (Edmonton, n=23; Medina; n=13) among groups (p<0.05). Spinal cord lesions on MRI were more frequent in Edmonton (n=18) compared to Medina (n=1) patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: Despite differences in location, ethnicity, and a predominance of infratentorial lesion burden the Edmonton group, the RR-MS phenotype displayed similar disease severity and trajectory in these cohorts.

The Initial Return and Its Conditional Return Volatility: Evidence from the Chinese IPO Market

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Monica Hussein ◽  
Zhong-Guo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Return Volatility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Variance Model ◽  
Initial Return ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sectional Analysis

This paper investigates the monthly initial return and its conditional return volatility for Chinese IPOs. We find that the mean initial return (IR) and cross-sectional return volatility are highly auto- and cross-correlated, and time-varying. We propose a system of two simultaneous equations: a GARCH-in-mean (GARCH-M) process with an ARMA(1,1) adjustment in the residuals for the IR and an EGARCH process for the conditional return volatility, assuming that the IR and its conditional return volatility are linear functions of the same market, firm- and offer-specific characteristics. We find that the model captures both time-series and cross-sectional correlations at the mean and variance levels. Our findings suggest that the conditional return volatility affects the IR positively and significantly, in addition to the traditional market, firm- and offer-specific characteristics. IPOs with higher conditional return volatility, as a proxy for information asymmetry, tend to be underpriced more. The paper demonstrates the merit of using a conditional variance model, along with time series and cross-sectional analysis to price Chinese IPOs.

scholarly journals Association between Diabetic Retinopathy and Chronic Periodontitis—A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena H. R. ◽  
Sribhargava Natesh ◽  
Sudhir Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
The Mean

Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth, increases the risk of complications in diabetics. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of prolonged hyperglycaemia. There appears to be a similarity in the pathogenesis of DR and PD. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association, if any, between DR and PD, correlate the severity of DR with the severity of PD, and investigate the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine and periodontal variables. The periodontal status of 200 adult diabetic patients in the age group of 30–65 years with varying severity of DR was assessed. Evaluation of the severity of PD was assessed by recording clinical parameters. Haematological investigations including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum creatinine were estimated before the initiation of treatment for DR. A statistically significant association between the mean duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the severity of DR and PD was found. The severity of PD was directly correlated with the severity of DR. There was a significant association between the levels of HbA1c and serum creatinine and severity of DR and PD. There could be a plausible relationship between DR and PD. Further prospective studies on a larger population with longer follow-ups are required to ascertain whether PD and its severity directly affect the progression and severity of DR.

scholarly journals Prevalence of zinc deficiency among primary school children in a poor peri-urban informal settlement in South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Folake O. Samuel ◽  
Abdulkadir A. Egal ◽  
Wilna H. Oldewage-Theron ◽  
Carin E. Napier ◽  
Christine S. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

This cross-sectional study assessed the risk of zinc deficiency in randomly selected children, aged between 7 and 11 years, living in a poor, peri-urban informal settlement in South Africa. Dietary intake of 149 respondents was evaluated by 24-hour recall and quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Anthropometric and biochemical indices of a subset of 113 were determined. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Pearson correlations were computed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 14.0. Anthropometric data were analysed using the World Health Organization Anthro plus version 1.0.2 statistical software. Dietary data were analysed with FoodFinder® version 3. The mean age of the children was 9.0±1.1 years. Few zinc-rich sources appeared in the diet that was predominantly plant-based. Mean dietary zinc intake was 4.6±2.2 mg/day. The mean value of serum zinc was 66.4±21.5 µg/dL, with 46% of the children having values less than the 70 µg/dL cut-off. The findings indicate a high risk of zinc deficiency and suboptimal zinc status for the majority of this study population of children, possibly as a result of low consumption of food sources with high bioavailability of zinc, which invariably is a direct consequence of poverty and food insecurity.OpsommingDie doel van hierdie dwarsdeursnitstudie was die bepaling van die risiko van ’n sinktekort in ’n ewekansige steekproef van 7 tot 11 jaar-oue kinders, woonagtig in ’n arm, voorstedelike informele woonbuurt in Suid Afrika. Dieetinnames van 149 respondente is geëvalueer deur 24-uur herroep en kwantitatiewe voedselfrekwensie vraelyste. Antropometriese en biochemiese indikatore van ’n kleiner steekproef van 113 is ook bepaal. Beskrywende statistiek, analise van variansie en Pearsonkorrelasies is bepaal deur die Statistical Package for Social Sciences, uitgawe 14.0. Antropometriese data is geanaliseer deur die statistiese program, Anthro plus, uitgawe 1.0.2, van die Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie. Dieetdata is met behulp van FoodFinder® uitgawe 3 geanaliseer. Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die kinders was 9.0±1.1 jaar. Min sinkryke voedselbronne is in die hoofsaaklik plantryke dieet waargeneem. Die gemiddelde sinkinname was 4.6±2.2 mg/dag en die gemiddelde serumsinkwaarde was 66.4±21.5 µg/dL, met 46% van die kinders se waardes onder die 70 µg/dL afsnypunt. Die bevindings dui op ’n hoë risiko vir sinktekort en suboptimale sinkstatus vir die meerderheid van hierdie kinders, moontlik as gevolg van die swak inname van voedselbronne met hoë biobeskikbare sink, wat gewoonlik ’n direkte gevolg van armoede en huishoudelike voedsel insekuriteit is.

Prevalence of otomycosis in Khouzestan Province, south-west Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Saki ◽  
A Rafiei ◽  
S Nikakhlagh ◽  
N Amirrajab ◽  
S Saki
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South West ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of otomycosis and aetiological agents in Khouzestan province, south-west Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study examined and cultured 881 swabs from suspected external otitis cases, collected from throughout Khouzestan province. Fungal agents were identified by slide culture and complementary tests when necessary.Results:The mean patient age was 37 years. The 20–39 year age group had the highest prevalence of otomycosis: 293 cases, comprising 162 (55.3 per cent) women and 131 (44.7 per cent) men. The seasonal distribution of cases was: summer, 44.7 per cent; autumn, 28.7 per cent; winter, 14.7 per cent; and spring, 11.9 per cent. The fungal agents isolated were Aspergillus niger (67.2 per cent), Aspergillus flavus (13 per cent), Candida albicans (11.6 per cent), Aspergillus fumigatus (6.2 per cent) and penicillium species (2 per cent).Conclusion:Fungal otomycosis is still one of the most important external ear diseases. In this study in south-west Iran, Aspergillus niger was the predominant aetiological agent. However, clinicians should be cautious of candidal otomycosis, which has a lower rate of incidence but is more prevalent among 20–39 year olds.

scholarly journals Splenic Mass and its Relation to Age Sex and Height of the Individual in Bangladeshi Peoples

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Mohsin Khalil ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
Sabina Mannan ◽  
Seheli Zannat Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to establish the standard weight of the normal spleen in Bangladeshi people. One hundred and twenty human cadavers of which eighty seven male and thirty three female were dissected to remove spleen with associated structures. Collected specimens were tagged with specific identification number, and divided into five groups according to age, sex and height of the individual. Gross and fine dissections were carried out after fixing the specimen in 10% formal saline solution. Weight of the spleen was measured by analytical balance and expressed in gram and findings of the study were compared with the findings of national and global studies. This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. In this study maximum mean weight of spleen was 86.35 gram in male and 85.33 gram in female in 31 - 45 years age group. Minimum mean weight of spleen was 47.37 gram in male and 38.83 gram in female up to 15 years age group. The weight of spleen increases with age of the individual. Mean weight of spleen in male was 73.43 gram, which was higher than the mean weight of female spleen (59.17 gram). According to height of individual the mean weight of spleen was maximum 84.32 gram in 165.01 to 180 cm height group and minimum in 54.87 gram in up to 120 cm height group which indicate that weight of the spleen increases with height of the individual. In conclusion, the weight of the spleen depends on the age, sex and body height of the individual. Key Words: Spleen, Weight, Age, Height     doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1802 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):71-78.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients with Chronic Facial Pain in Neurology Lrh Hospital Peshawar.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Saad Ali ◽  
Zahwa Salam ◽  
Shakir Ullah ◽  
Mehtab Alam ◽  
Harwindar Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hospital Study

Background: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) consist of brief periodic but severe and chronic facial pain in acial region in single or multiple branches of the trigeminal nerve. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of TN in patients with chronic facial pain. Methodology: This cross sectional observational study was conducted at Department of Neurology OPD Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. 46 patients with chronic facial pain were selected for the study. All data was taken on a structured Performa and was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Using non probability consecutive sampling after taking approval from Ethical Committee of the hospital, study duration was 10 months from 25-1-2019 to 25-10-2019. Results: Out of 46 patients, there were 18 (39.1%) males and 28 (60.9%) females. The mean age of the patients was 50.67, the Standard Deviation recorded was 11.56. Minimum age was 21 and maximum age was 67. 23. Out of 31 patients diagnosed with TN had history of tooth extraction and 8 had no extraction. Out of 31 patients presented with TN, right side was involved in 24 (52.2%) patients and left side was involved in 7 (15.2%) patients. Mandibular never was more common in the patients with TN which was 37% followed by maxillary nerve 21.7%, and ophthalmic nerve at 8.7%. Majority of the patients 28 (75.7%) belonged to the age group of 40 to 67. Females having TGN were 78% and males were 50%. Right side (52.2%) was more involved than left side. Mandibular division (37%) was more involved than maxillary and ophthalmic division. Conclusion: We conclude that females are more at risk of developing TN than males. Increasing age has a higher chance of developing TN. Right side is more involved than left. Mandibular division is more involved than maxillary and ophthalmic.

scholarly journals Assessment of thyroid and prolactin levels among the women with abnormal uterine bleeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2547
Author(s):  
Jovita Deepthy John ◽  
Vimala Damodaran ◽  
Shankar Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tsh Levels

Background: Thyroid disorders are 10 times more common in women than men.1 Menstrual disturbances usually accompany clinical alterations in thyroid function and every clinician would have encountered altered menstrual pattern among women suffering from either hypo or hyper thyroidism. A high serum prolactin level can distrurb the follicular maturation and corpus luteum function, and leads to inhibition of normal pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in hypothalamus resulting in anovulation. The aim of the study was to assess the thyroid and the prolactin levels among the women with abnormal uterine bleeding and to evaluate the association between them by comparing with normal females.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for a period of one year between Jan 2016 and December 2016 in our institution at the gynaecology OPD. Patients in the age group of 15 to 45 with the complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding and with the ultrasound findings showing normal uterus and ovary were included in the study. Hundred age and sex matched controls without any complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding in the age group of 15 – 45 years were also included in the study. Free T3, Free T4, TSH and prolactin estimation was done by chemiluminescent immunoassay for both the patients and the controls.Results: The mean TSH levels among the cases were much higher than that of the controls and the difference in the levels found to be statistically significant. Similarly, hyperprolactinemia was found in 18 cases when compared to 2 cases in controls and the mean prolactin levels were higher in cases. The serum prolactin levels and the serum TSH levels showed a perfect positive correlation which indicates that as the TSH level increases prolactin levels also increases with the R value >0.5.Conclusions: Early detection of hypothyroidism in such subjects saves the patient from recurrent curettage and at times hysterectomy. The financial implications of screening for prolactin/thyroid hormone abnormalities will have to be evaluated before a general recommendation can be made.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional descriptive observational study of RT PCR proven category C H1N1 patients at tertiary care centre from January 2015- December 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3458
Author(s):  
Anita A. Paritekar ◽  
Mahendra V. Bansode ◽  
Anushka K. Waikar ◽  
Rohidas T. Borse
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Death Cases

Background: The onset of winter of 2014-2015 saw an alarming spurt in influenza A (H1N1) pdm 09 leading to a significant mortality. H1N1 primarily affects the very young, elderly, pregnancy and those patients with comorbidities. But the epidemiologic hallmark of pandemic influenza is its "pandemic signature " meaning most early mortalities are among young healthy adults.Methods: To study clinical profile, premorbid conditions and radiological features of Category C H1N1 proven by RTPCR retrospectively from hospital records from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015 at Tertiary Care Centre.Results: Total 108 cases RT PCR proven category C H1N1 studied from hospital records. 43 were males and 65 females. The mean age group was 50 years for males and 40 for females. Common symptoms were fever, cough, dyspnoea with pre-morbid illness like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, cancer and immune compromised with pulmonary tuberculosis. Radiologically there was lower zone involvement common in live patients and reticulonodular was common in death cases.Conclusions: In current study young to middle age group was commonly affected. Pre-morbid conditions, more than two risk factors and late referral were the most common findings in death cases.

scholarly journals Degree Of Proteinuria In Post-Icteric State Of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Infected Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
W Nargis ◽  
BU Ahamed ◽  
S Zabeen ◽  
F Alam ◽  
MA Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Nephropathies, as one of the multiple extrahepatic features of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, can occur in clinically improved HEV hepatitis patients which in majority of the cases remain clinically silent for a long period. By the time these are reported, patients have already developed renal insufficiency which may even lead to renal replacement therapy. Proteinuria, a simple test in practice, can be a useful tool for early detection of the underlying renal impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of proteinuria and to evaluate the degree of proteinuria in HEV- hepatitis patients during post-icteric state. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patients of clinically improved HEV-hepatitis at the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with active cooperation of the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, between July 2006 and June 2007. Cases were chosen carefully, to exclude the acute state of illness and the patients of HEV were selected during their third or fourth follow-up, in their post-icteric phase. The study subjects were grouped according to equal age ranges in group-I (18-26 year) and group-II (27-35 year). Depending on the level of spot urinary protein (mg/dl) the subjects were also categorized as having trace, mild and moderate proteinuria. Results: The mean age of HEV infected subjects was 24.72±2.59 years. The mean spot urinary protein in age group-II patients was raised compared to age group-I and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) of spot urinary protein of male and female. Majority of HEV patients (42%) presented with mild proteinuria and mostly (53.3%) was of age group-I. Conclusion: Spot urinary protein concentration should be checked in every HEV- hepatitis patient to detect the presence and level of proteinuria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10395 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 37-39

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