scholarly journals Collaborative Leadership, Collective Action, and Community Governance against Public Health Crises under Uncertainty: A Case Study of the Quanjingwan Community in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Qaunfeng Shu ◽  
Yahua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Collaborative Leadership ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Community Governance ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Modern Information Technology ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Control

In the face of a public health crisis full of uncertainty, how should the community respond in order to effectively reduce the negative impact of the epidemic on public health? This article takes a Chinese rural community located near Wuhan City as an example to explore the mechanism of how collaborative leadership enhanced collective action in community governance against the COVID-19 pandemic. Early blockading to prevent transmission into the community, strict maintenance of social distance to prevent internal diffusion, timely elimination of public panic, and efficient guarantees of household supplies have proven effective in preventing the spread of the epidemic. Our research shows that collaborative leadership can achieve these goals mainly by effectively integrated local knowledge, modern information technology, and social self-organization, and then promoting the realization of collective action of community epidemic prevention and control. The lessons and implications for public health are discussed.

scholarly journals The Evolution Model of Public Risk Perception Based on Pandemic Spreading Theory under Perspective of COVID-19

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yi-Cheng Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Guo-Bing Zhou ◽  
Nai-Ru Xu ◽  
Jia-Bao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Public Risk ◽  
And Control

After the occurrence of public health emergencies, due to the uncertainty of the evolution of events and the asymmetry of pandemic information, the public’s risk perception will fluctuate dramatically. Excessive risk perception often causes the public to overreact to emergencies, resulting in irrational behaviors, which have a negative impact on economic development and social order. However, low-risk perception will reduce individual awareness of prevention and control, which is not conducive to the implementation of government pandemic prevention and control measures. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately evaluate public risk perception for improving government risk management. This paper took the evolution of public risk perception based on the COVID-19 region as the research object. First, we analyze the characteristics of infectious diseases in the evolution of public risk perception of public health emergencies. Second, we analyze the characteristics of risk perception transmission in social networks. Third, we establish the dynamic model of public risk perception evolution based on SEIR, and the evolution mechanism of the public risk perception network is revealed through simulation experiments. Finally, we provide policy suggestions for government departments to deal with public health emergencies based on the conclusions of this study.

scholarly journals JOINT REGIONAL MILITARY ACT TO CURB CORONA VIRUS PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Thomas Atmaja Adi ◽  
Ganesha Wandawa ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Data Processing Tool ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Threats to the security of the Republic of Indonesia are classified as military and non-military threats. One of the non-military threats is the danger of an epidemic, which includes a threat with a public safety dimension. The growth of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases has been very fast. As of August 4, 2020, globally 18.14 million cases were confirmed worldwide with 691,013 deaths or a Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) of 3.8%. The 2019-nCoV Outbreak became a COVID-19 pandemic which has an impact on public health and the world economy. ASEAN Plus member countries are deploying militaries to help contain the spread and control the effects of this pandemic. The military is deployed because it is considered a trained resource and is better prepared to deal with emergencies. The purpose of this study is to analyse the joint action of the regional military in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses an explanative qualitative method using NVivo as a data processing tool and data analysis using Soft System Methodology (SSM). The results of this study found that the joint regional military actions that have been carried out to stem the spread of COVID-19 are dominated by activities carried out by the ASEAN Center of Military Medicine (ACMM) as the leading sector, activities that have been carried out are the exchange of information and sharing practical activities in managing COVID-19, holding a Tabletop Exercise (TTX) for public health emergency response, joint research and sharing health materials among ASEAN Plus member countries. Meanwhile, the ASEAN Plus network of biological and radiological defense experts has yet to show specific activities to curb the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div>

scholarly journals Early surveillance and public health emergency disposal measures between novel coronavirus disease 2019 and avian influenza in China: a case-comparison study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Zhang ◽  
Wenming Shi ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Ge Bai ◽  
Ruiming Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading rapidly throughout China and the world. Hence, early surveillance and public health emergency disposal are considered crucial to curb this emerging infectious disease. However, studies that investigated the early surveillance and public health emergency disposal for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak in China are relatively few. We aimed to compare the strengths and weaknesses of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal for prevention and control between COVID-19 and H7N9 avian influenza, which was commended by the international community, in China.MethodsA case-comparison study was conducted using a set of six key time nodes to form a reference framework for evaluating early surveillance and public health emergency disposal between H7N9 avian influenza (2013) in Shanghai, China and COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.FindingsA report to the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, for the first hospitalized patient was sent after 6 and 20 days for H7N9 avian influenza and COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the pathogen was identified faster in the case of COVID-19 than in the case of H7N9 avian influenza (12 days vs. 31 days). The government response regarding COVID-19 was 10 days later than that regarding avian influenza. The entire process of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal lasted 5 days longer in COVID-19 than in H7N9 avian influenza (46 days vs. 41 days).ConclusionsThe identification of the unknown pathogen improved in China between the outbreaks of avian influenza and COVID-19. The longer emergency disposal period in the case of COVID-19 could be attributed to the government’s slower response to the epidemic. Improving public health emergency management could lessen the adverse social effects of emerging infectious diseases and public health crisis in the future.ContributorsTZ, WS, and LL designed the project, processed and analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. YW, GB, RD, and QW edited the manuscript. All authors revised the draft.

scholarly journals Bioethics and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Arianna Omaña-Covarrubias ◽  
Michelle Acosta Meneses ◽  
Adrián Moya- Escalera ◽  
Lydia López -Pontigo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
The Face

The term bioethics can be defined as a discipline that studies the dimensions of morals, decisions, behaviour and policies of the life sciences and health care. Its objective is auxiliary, guiding on the implications of phenome, where infinite dilemmatic situations arise. The crisis that is currently facing the current pandemic is a public health crisis. The priority in the face of this crisis should be the health system and its professionals. To overcome this crisis, it is not only a matter of public authorities and powers. It is essential that the entire population implements the bioethics exercise, complying with the isolation and hygiene measures, whatever has been determined where they have been adopted.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Rumour Re-Spreading in a Public Health Crisis by the Middle-Aged and Elderly Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6542
Author(s):  
Zhonggen Sun ◽  
Xin Cheng ◽  
Ruilian Zhang ◽  
Bingqing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Factors Influencing

Due to discrimination and media literacy, middle-aged and elderly individuals have been easily reduced to marginalized groups in the identification of rumours during a public health crisis and can easily spread rumours repeatedly, which has a negative impact on pandemic prevention and social psychology. To further clarify the factors influencing their behaviours, this study used a questionnaire to survey a sample of 556 individuals in China and used multiple linear regression and analysis of variance to explore influencing factors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We found that, first, in the COVID-19 pandemic, middle-aged and elderly adults’ willingness to re-spread rumours is positively related to their degree of believing rumours and to personal anxiety and is negatively related to their rumour-discrimination ability and to their perception of serious consequences to rumour spreading. Second, the degree of believing rumours plays an intermediary role in the willingness to re-spread rumours. It plays a partial mediating role in the path of anxiety’s influence on behaviour, suggesting that an anxious person will spread a rumour even if he or she does not have a strong belief in the rumour. Third, interpersonal communication has a greater credibility and a greater willingness to re-spread than does mass communication. This suggests the importance of increasing public knowledge expertise and of reducing public panic. This also has important implications for the future design of public health policies.

scholarly journals Impact of the Perceived Mental Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Students' Loneliness Feelings and Future Career Choice: A Preliminary Survey Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyue Zheng ◽  
Xianhao Lin ◽  
Lin He ◽  
Thomas Freudenreich ◽  
Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Future Career

The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic continues to unfold globally, and its negative impact on the public's mental health is starting to reveal. Serving as reserve talents for the healthcare system, medical students are not yet professionally matured enough to face one of the worst global public health crises. This may exert increased mental stress and loneliness feelings, which in turn negatively influence medical students' future career choice. To address the issue, we conducted three online survey studies investigating how the epidemic affects the mental health as well as career attitude of medical students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The results revealed preliminary evidence showing that the perceived stress induced by the COVID-19 epidemic might negatively affect medical students' future career choice, and the feeling of loneliness may play a mediating role. This study invites more attention to medical students' mental health during severe public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: What Can the West Learn From the East?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Shokoohi ◽  
Mehdi Osooli ◽  
Saverio Stranges
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
The West ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
And Control

Differences in public health approaches to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could largely explain substantial variations in epidemiological indicators (such as incidence and mortality) between the West and the East. COVID-19 revealed vulnerabilities of most western countries’ healthcare systems in their response to the ongoing public health crisis. Hence, western countries can possibly learn from practices from several East Asian countries regarding infrastructures, epidemiological surveillance and control strategies to mitigate the public health impact of the pandemic. In this paper, we discuss that the lack of rapid and timely community-centered approaches, and most importantly weak public health infrastructures, might have resulted in a high number of infected cases and fatalities in many western countries.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity Amid the COVID-19 Lockdowns in Nigeria: Do Impacts on Food Insecurity Persist After Lockdowns End?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 235-235
Author(s):  
Elena Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Household Food ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives In response to a rapid rise in COVID-19 cases in Nigeria in March and April 2020, governments in some states imposed lockdowns. While lockdowns may be crucial for disease prevention and control, they also disrupt food systems and economic activity and may have devastating impacts on vulnerable households. This study uses longitudinal data to examine trends in household food insecurity in Nigeria just after lockdowns were imposed and at multiple points later in 2020, and assesses the impacts of lockdowns in spring 2020 on household food insecurity. Methods This study utilizes data from the Nigerian General Household Survey 2018/19 and the first seven rounds of the LSMS-ISA National Longitudinal Panel Survey on COVID-19 collected between April-November 2020. We assess trends in household food insecurity, as measured by the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and use a difference-in-difference design to estimate the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on household food insecurity. Results Household food insecurity in Nigeria increased significantly between Jan/Feb 2019 and the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in April/May 2020. As the pandemic continued, food insecurity decreased between April/May and November of 2020 for all items in the FIES yet remained significantly higher than before the pandemic began. Difference-in-difference models, however, suggest that the lockdowns that were imposed in some Nigerian states did not significantly increase household food insecurity. Conclusions When lockdowns were imposed in response to COVID-19 outbreaks in early 2020, many researchers and policymakers worried that households in low- and middle-income countries, many of which rely on informal work and/or daily wages for their livelihoods, would be vulnerable to food insecurity and hunger. Still, lockdowns are a key public health strategy for slowing the spread of infectious disease. As we continue to address COVID-19 and prepare for new emerging infectious diseases, we must weigh the risks and benefits strategies such as lockdowns. These results will help policymakers understand how measures to prevent and control COVID-19 influence livelihoods during a prolonged public health crisis. Funding Sources This study does not have any funding sources.

scholarly journals Resilience Modeling Method of Airport Network Affected by Global Public Health Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jiuxia Guo ◽  
Xinping Zhu ◽  
Chenxi Liu ◽  
ShuzhiSam Ge
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Event ◽  
And Control

The COVID-19 global pandemic hit the aviation industry hard since the end of 2019. It has had an immediate, dramatic impact on airport traffic and revenue. Airports are the important nodes in the aviation system network, and the failure of a single airport can often affect the surrounding airports. The purpose of our analysis is to show how is the resilience and recovery of airports in the global public health crisis. Much research on resilience can be found in air transportation networks facing natural hazards or extreme weather, which focus on the robustness of the airport network. These methods are not suitable for the global public health event. Therefore, based on the collection of existing data, we combined with existing resilience measurement methods to analyze the resilience and recovery of airports during the global public health crisis. The resilience metrics results reflect the recovery of airports very well under different strategies. Here, we analyze airport network resilience by considering the performance-based methods. We integrate some metrics such as aircraft movements, passenger throughput, and freight throughput in the resilience metrics model, comparing the resilience evaluation under different preventive and control strategies, which can reflect the airport’s recovery speed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis indicates that the aviation system network deteriorates soon after the COVID-19 outbreak, but the recovery level of the aviation industry depends on what measures are taken to prevent and control the COVID-19 epidemic. In particular, the recovery of the aviation system network in Europe takes longer than in China, due to different prevention and control strategies for COVID-19. The study proves that the emergency response ability of the country for the public health crisis has a significant positive impact on speeding up the recovery of the aviation system.

scholarly journals How community medical facilities can promote resilient community constructions under the background of pandemics

2022 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110485
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yuanyang Fang ◽  
Handuo Deng ◽  
Fangzhen Wei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The Face

Nowadays, urban and community resilience have become the core issues of urban theoretical research and construction practices. While there are many studies on climate change, natural hazards and environmental pollution, relatively less attention has been paid to public and human health. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic, which is a major global public health crisis, is posing severe challenges to the resilience of cities and communities in the context of high-mobility, high-density and high-intensity, as well as expands the connotation of community resilience to public health. To compensate for the lack of current research, this study examined the characteristics of community medical facilities in response to pandemics at urban, community and individual multi-spatial scales based on a thorough review of current research and relevant practice. It also emphasized the significant role played by community medical facilities in improving resilient community constructions in the face of large-scale public health emergencies. These characteristics were fully utilized to explore ways to build and govern the ‘resilience' of communities in the future, help people to survive better as well as develop in complex and changeable external environments.

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