scholarly journals Universal Access to Xpert MTB/RIF Testing for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Uzbekistan: How Well Are We Doing?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2915
Author(s):  
Laziz Turaev ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Dilyara Nabirova ◽  
Sevak Alaverdyan ◽  
Nargiza Parpieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Access ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Capacity

As per national guidelines in Uzbekistan, all presumptive tuberculosis patients should be tested using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosing tuberculosis. There is no published evidence how well this is being implemented. In this paper, we report on the Xpert coverage among presumptive tuberculosis patients in 2018 and 2019, factors associated with non-testing and delays involved. Analysis of national aggregate data indicated that Xpert testing increased from 24% in 2018 to 46% in 2019, with variation among the regions: 21% in Tashkent region to 100% in Karakalpakstan. In a cohort (January–March 2019) constituted of 40 randomly selected health facilities in Tashkent city and Bukhara region, there were 1940 patients of whom 832 (43%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 41–45%) were not Xpert-tested. Non-testing was significantly higher in Bukhara region (73%) compared to Tashkent city (28%). In multivariable analysis, patient’s age, distance between primary health centre (PHC) and Xpert laboratory, diagnostic capacity and site of PHC were associated with non-testing. The median (interquartile range) duration from date of initial visit to PHC to receiving results was 1 (1–2) day in Tashkent city compared to 3 (1–6) days in Bukhara region (p-value < 0.001). While there is commendable progress, universal access to Xpert testing is not a reality yet.

scholarly journals Pengaruh intra uterine device (IUD) post plasenta terhadap involusi uterus

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Istri Utami ◽  
Mochammad Anwar ◽  
Herlin Fitriana Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Health Centre ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Post Placental

Abstract: The study is a quantitative in nature with cohort prospectiveapproach. The population of the study was all post-partum mothers atMlati II Primary Health Centre of Sleman. The samples were takenusing accidental sampling technique with 25 respondents in each caseand control groups. The data were analyzed using Chi Square (X2)while the multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression of riskfactors model. According to the result, p-value is 0,04 in which there isdifference between post-partum period length on post-partum motherswho use Post placental IUD and post-partum mothers who do notuses Post placental IUD.

scholarly journals Midwife’s Role in the Mother-to-Child Transmission Prevention Program in Primary Health Care in Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Meilani ◽  
Nanik Setiyawati ◽  
Sammy Onyapidi Barasa
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Development Goals

Curing and eradicating Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are to the core principles of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The incidence of HIV in the world remains high. Although midwives play a pivotal role in PMTCT implementation, the factors associated with midwives’ role in its implementation are not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with midwives’ role in implementation of PMTCT. This study used a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 80 midwives at 14 primary health care in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. The study was conducted from April to August 2017. Data were analyzed through univariate, bivariate with chi-square and Fisher’s exact test, multivariate with logistic regression. The results showed that 47.5% of midwives were in the poor category regarding implementation of PMTCT. Information availability through socialization (p-value = 0.047) and knowledge level (p-value = 0.016) were found to be related to PMTCT implementation. There was no relationship between age, length of work, education level, marital status, availability of information, midwife’s attitude, perception of the availability of facilities and institutional support with midwife behavior in PMTCT implementation. Multivariate analysis showed that level of knowledge was the most dominant factor affecting PMTCT implementation (OR:6.2; CI 95% = 1.8-21.4). We recommend that efforts should be made to continuously improve the knowledge of midwives on PMTCT implementation through peer support and training in order to achieve sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated with Late Antenatal Care Visit in Ethiopia: A population-based study using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eskeziaw Kassahun Abebe ◽  
Amanuel Addisu Dessie ◽  
Liknaw Bewket Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Health Service ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Antenatal Care Visit ◽  
Care Visit

Abstract Objectives Maternal health care services are important for the survival and wellbeing of both mother and infant. In 2015, an estimated 303,000 women died from pregnancy-related complications. The Ethiopian government has implemented strategies to enhance maternal health service utilization, and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. However, only 20.4% of women initiated the first antenatal care visit before 16 weeks of gestation. Therefore, this study assessed factors associated with late antenatal care visit in Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study design was used to examine 4,740 women from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to examine the strength of an association. In the multivariable analysis, variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result The prevalence of late initiation of first antenatal care visit in Ethiopia was 67.3% (65.0%,69.6%). Living in rural areas (AOR= 95% CI:1.19,2.56) and fifth or above birth order (AOR=1.5;95% CI:1.10,2.00) were significantly associated with late antenatal care visit. Consequently, increasing the access and utilization of family planning, and raise an awareness on the benefit of early initiation of first antenatal care visit is recommended.

scholarly journals Pre-menarche adolescent girls’ menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche in North Shewa zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayneh Birlie Zeru ◽  
Mikyas Arega Muluneh
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The North ◽  
Menstrual Knowledge

Abstract Background: Many adolescent girls in Ethiopia attain menarche without adequate knowledge and preparation which could have a distressing negative impact on their psychosocial, physical, and emotional wellbeing. This study aimed to assess pre-menarche adolescent girls’ menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menstruation and associated factors in the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara region.Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted on participants selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected through a self-administered questionnaire were entered into Epi Data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regressions were computed to identify factors associated with the good menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche. An odds ratio with 95%CI was computed to measure the magnitude of the association. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 on multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant factors associated with the outcome variable.Results: From a total of 424 pre-menarche adolescent girls included in the study, 166(39.2%) had good menstrual knowledge and about a quarter 110(25.9%) had good preparedness towards menarche. An increase in the school grade level of adolescent girls, the educational status of the mother, and occupation of the father (government employment) were positively associated with good menstrual knowledge. Having good menstrual knowledge increased the preparedness of pre-menarche girls to menarche by over 13-fold than poorly knowledgeable girls.Conclusions: Menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche of pre-menarche adolescent girls were low in the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara region. The level of preparedness to menarche was also highly dependent on girls' menstrual knowledge. Thus, the school's health program and teachers should address the problem by delivering age-appropriate menstrual information to equip adolescent girls with accurate and adequate menstrual knowledge before the onset of menarche.

scholarly journals ANALISI FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN INSOMNIA PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE DI POSYANDU WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PUNTI KAYU TAHUN 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 624-631
Author(s):  
Rima Syafaria ◽  
Titin Dewi Sartika ◽  
Turiyani ◽  
H Hazairin Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Menopausal women will experience several problems, one of which is sleep disorders (Insomnia). Insomnia is characterized by difficulty in initiating sleep. Various factors are thought to have a significant relationship with the occurrence of insomnia in postmenopausal women, including response to disease, lifestyle and anxiety levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of insomnia in postmenopausal women at the Posyandu in the Punti Kayu Palembang Health Centre in 2021. The research method used a survey Analytical by using design cross sectional, the sampling of this research used total sampling technique with a total sample of 63 people. Collecting data using a questionnaire sheet. The analysis used is analysis univariate and bivariat eusing testchi-square. The univariate results showed that 37 (58.7%) menopausal women experienced insomnia, 27 (42.9%) menopausal women, 27 (42.9%) postmenopausal women, and 33 (52.4%) menopausal women experienced poor lifestyle. anxiety as many as 30 (47.6%) postmenopausal women. ResultsIt is known that there is a relationship between response to disease and the incidence of insomnia in postmenopausal women with (p value = 0.000), there is a relationship between lifestyle and the incidence of insomnia in menopausal women with (p value = 0.000), there is a relationship between anxiety levels and the incidence of insomnia in menopausal women with (p value = 0.003). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between response to disease, lifestyle, anxiety levels with the incidence of insomnia in postmenopausal women at the Posyandu in the Punti Kayu Health Centre in 2021. This study is expected to encourage postmenopausal women to maintain their health, change lifestyle habits and consume water, and reduce anxiety.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Performance of Routine Health Information System in Yaoundé-Cameroon: A cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Nguefack-Tsague ◽  
Brian Bongwong Tamfon ◽  
Ismael Ngnie-Teta ◽  
Marie Nicole Ngoufack ◽  
Basile Keugoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract Background: Routine Health Information Systems (RHIS) of low-income countries function below the globally expected standard, characterised by the production and use of poor-quality data, or the non-use of good quality data for informed decision making. This has negatively influenced the health service delivery and uptake. This study focuses on identifying the factors associated with the performance of RHIS of the health facilities (HF) in Yaoundé, so as to guide targeted RHIS strengthening.Methods: A HF-based cross-sectional study in the 6 health districts (HDs) of Yaoundé was conducted. HFs were chosen using stratified sampling with probability proportional to size per HD. Data were collected, entered into Microsoft Excel 2013 and analysed with IBM- SPSS version 25. Consistency of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Pearson’s chi-square (and Fisher exact where relevant) tests were used to establish relationships between qualitative variables. Associations were further quantified using unadjusted Odd ratio (OR) for univariable analysis and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for multivariable analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Of 111 selected HFs; 16 (14.4%) were public and 95 (85.6%) private. Respondents aged 24-60 years with an average of 38.3±9.3 years; 58 (52.3%) males and 53(47.7%) females. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.95 – 0.98, p<0.001), proving that the questionnaire was reliable in measuring RHIS performances. At univariable level, the following factors were positively associated with good performances: supportive supervision (OR = 3.03 (1.1, 8.3); p = 0.02), receiving feedback from hierarchy (OR = 3.6 (0.99, 13.2); p = 0.05), having received training on health information (OR = 5.0 (1.6, 16.0); p = 0.003), and presence of a performance evaluation plan (OR = 3.3 (1.4, 8.2), p = 0.007). At multivariable level, the only significantly associated factor was having received training on health information (aOR = 3.3 (1.01, 11.1), p = 0.04).Conclusion: Training of health staff in the RHIS favors RHIS good performance. Hence, emphasis should be laid on training and empowering staff, frequent and regular RHIS supervision, and frequent and regular feedback, for an efficient RHIS strengthening in Yaoundé.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Malaria Infection Identified through Reactive Case Detection in Zanzibar, 2012-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Raphael Mkali ◽  
Erik J. Reaves ◽  
Shabbir M. Lalji ◽  
Abdul-wahid Al-mafazy ◽  
Joseph J. Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Reactive Case Detection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Llin Use ◽  
History Of

Abstract BackgroundOver the past two decades, Zanzibar substantially reduced malaria burden. As malaria decreases, sustainable improvements in prevention and control interventions may increasingly depend on accurate knowledge of malaria risk factors to further target interventions. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with malaria infection in Zanzibar. MethodsWe analyzed surveillance data from Zanzibar’s Malaria Case Notification system collected between August 2012 and December 2019. This system collects data from all malaria cases passively detected and reported by public and private health facilities, from household-based follow-up and reactive case detection activities linked to those primary cases. All members of households of the passively detected malaria cases were screened for malaria using a malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT); individuals with a positive mRDT result were treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to investigate the association between mRDT positivity among the household members and explanatory factors (i.e., age, sex, history of fever, history of travel, rainfall, long-lasting insecticidal net [LLIN] density, LLIN use, household indoor residual spraying [IRS], and household location) with adjustment for seasonality ResultsThe findings show that younger age (p-value for trend<0.001), history of fever in the last two weeks (odds ratio [OR]=32.0; 95% CI: 29.1-35.3), history of travel outside Zanzibar in the last 30 days (OR=2.3; 95% CI: 2.1-2.6) and living in Unguja (OR=1.2; 95% CI: 1.1-1.3) were independently associated with increased odds of mRDT positivity. In contrast, male sex (OR=0.8; 95% CI: 0.7-0.9), having higher household LLIN density (p-value for trend<0.001), sleeping under an LLIN the previous night (OR=0.8; 95% CI: 0.7-0.9), and living in a household that received IRS in the last 12 months (OR=0.9; 95% CI: 0.8-0.9) were independently associated with reduced odds of mRDT positivity. A significant effect modification of combining IRS and LLIN was also noted (OR=0.7; 95% CI:0.6-0.8).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that vector control remains an important malaria prevention intervention: they underscore the need to maintain universal access to LLINs, the persistent promotion of LLIN use, and application of IRS. Additionally, enhanced behavioral change and preventive strategies targeting children aged 5-14 years and travelers are needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Psychiatric Morbidities in Nigerian Men with LUTS Due to Prostatic Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
M. U. Dada ◽  
P. T. Adegun ◽  
A. A. Idowu ◽  
A. E. Omonisi ◽  
L. O. Oluwole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prostatic Diseases

Aims: This study aimed at determining the prevalence and significant factors associated with psychiatric morbidity in men with LUTS secondary to prostatic diseases in a tertiary health centre in a developing country. Study design: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. Place and duration: The urology unit of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study period was from 1stJanuary2018 to 31stDecember2019. Methodology:  Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess for   psychiatric morbidity among 224 patients with LUTS. While,  International prostate symptom score (IPSS) was used to assess the severity of LUTS.  The data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Results:  The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 17% and 9.8% respectively. The mean IPSS and PSA scores of the respondents were 19.95±8.06 and 31.48±37.03 respectively. The only factors found to be significantly associated with depression were use of alcohol by the respondents (T-test = .058, P = .01, CI = -2.885 ˗˗ -0.391) and high scores on IPSS (T-test = .765, P value = .003, CI = 1.436 ˗˗ 6.995).  While the factors found to be associated with anxiety disorders were alcohol use by the respondents (T-test =2.661, P = .033, CI = -2.519 ˗˗  -0.103) and high PSA  scores (T-test =9.473, P value = .036, CI = -28.942 ˗˗ -1.068). Conclusion: This study shows that there is a high rate of psychiatric morbidity among patients with LUTS. Main factors associated with these morbidities were alcohol use, severity of the LUTS and high PSA scores. Assessment of psychiatric morbidity in patients with LUTS using simple psychological instruments will help in early detection and prompt treatment of psychological morbidities. 

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with malaria infection identified through reactive case detection in Zanzibar, 2012–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey R. Mkali ◽  
Erik J. Reaves ◽  
Shabbir M. Lalji ◽  
Abdul-Wahid Al-mafazy ◽  
Joseph J. Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Reactive Case Detection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Index Cases

Abstract Background Over the past two decades, Zanzibar substantially reduced malaria burden. As malaria decreases, sustainable improvements in control interventions may increasingly depend on accurate knowledge of malaria risk factors to further target interventions. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with malaria infection in Zanzibar. Methods Surveillance data from Zanzibar’s Malaria Case Notification system from August 2012 and December 2019 were analyzed. This system collects data on malaria cases passively detected and reported by all health facilities (index cases), and household-based reactive case detection (RCD) activities linked to those primary cases. All members of households of the index cases were screened for malaria using a malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Individuals with a positive RDT were treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to investigate the association between RDT positivity among the household members and explanatory factors with adjustment for seasonality and clustering at Shehia level. Results A total of 30,647 cases were reported of whom household RCD was completed for 21,443 (63%) index case households and 85,318 household members tested for malaria. The findings show that younger age (p-value for trend [Ptrend] < 0.001), history of fever in the last 2 weeks (odds ratio [OR] = 35.7; 95% CI 32.3–39.5), travel outside Zanzibar in the last 30 days (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 2.3–2.8) and living in Unguja (OR = 1.2; 95% CI 1.0–1.5) were independently associated with increased odds of RDT positivity. In contrast, male gender (OR=0.8; 95% CI 0.7–0.9), sleeping under an LLIN the previous night (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.7–0.9), having higher household net access (Ptrend < 0.001), and living in a household that received IRS in the last 12 months (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.7–0.9) were independently associated with reduced odds of RDT positivity. A significant effect modification of combining IRS and LLIN was also noted (OR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.6–0.8). Conclusions The findings suggest that vector control remains an important malaria prevention intervention: they underscore the need to maintain universal access to LLINs, the persistent promotion of LLIN use, and application of IRS. Additionally, enhanced behavioural change and preventive strategies targeting children aged 5–14 years and travellers are needed.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Factors associated with Burnout among Sudanese Health Care Professionals at Primary Health Care Centers in Wad Madani Al-Kubra (Sudan), and Sharjah (UAE), 20 October – 20 November 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (26) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Dr. Mohaid Mubark Ahmed ◽  
◽  
Dr. Osman Hamid Abdulhamid ◽  
Dr. Imad Eldin Eljack Suleiman ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

Burnout has long been recognized as a major problem among healthcare professionals and has become much more prevalent in the last decades. Beside healthcare professionals, it also negatively impacts the quality of health care services and patients. To identify the prevalence and factors associated with burnout among health care professionals at primary health care center in Wad Madani Al-Kubra (Sudan) and Sharjah (UAE). This is a comparative, analytical, cross-sectional health facility-based study conducted in primary health care (PHC) at Wad Madani Al-Kubra (Sudan) and Sharjah (UAE). The study assessed burnout among (75 participants in Wad Madani) out of 77 health care professionals with response rate of (97.4%), as well as it assessed (75 participants in Sharjah) out of 86 health care professionals with response rate of (87.2%). For assessment of burnout, the study calculated its prevalence and grade using method of evaluation modified from Maslach Burnout Inventory. All participants whose score was >10 out of 30 considered as positive for burnout. Low, moderate and high burnout was reported for cases score (<10, 11-20, 21-30). Chi-Square test was used for calculation of significance at P value < 0.05 and 95% CI. The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, ver. 25). Females in Wad Madani & Sharjah groups were (82.7% and 77.3% respectively).Prevalence of burnout in Madani and Sharjah groups was reported with a considerable percentage (45.3% and 57.3%), (P value = 0.096). Low burnout was reported in 52(69.3%) for each of Wad Madani and Sharjah group. High burnout was reported in only 3 participants in Wad Madani group. Burnout is significantly higher among females when compared to males (57.5% vs. 26.7% respectively, P = 0.002). Burnout is significantly increase within increasing in number of patients met per day. The prevalence rate of medical personnel burnout in Alsharja primary health centers, UAE was found slightly higher than Wad Madani group, but no a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Recognition of burnout by health authorities and putting measures to rectify it.

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