scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome from 2010 to 2019 in Mainland China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3092
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Huang ◽  
Jiandong Li ◽  
Aqian Li ◽  
Shiwen Wang ◽  
Dexin Li
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Severe Fever

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that is a severe threat to public health considering its high fatality and person-to-person transmission. In order to obtain an updated and deep understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of SFTS in mainland China, we used Pearson’s chi-squared test to compare the fatality rate and demographic characteristics in different groups. Data were analyzed in R3.6.1 (R Development Core Team 2018), while the visualization was performed in ArcGIS 10 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA), and the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. A total of 13,824 SFTS cases involving 8899 lab-confirmed cases and 4925 probable cases were reported and included in the epidemiological analysis. Our study found that the number of SFTS cases showed an increasing trend with a small decrease in the past three years. The laboratory-confirmed rate was about 64.4%, which varied between different years and areas. Although most cases (99.3%) were distributed in 7 provinces (Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Liaoning, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu), the regional distribution of SFTS gradually expanded from 5 provinces in 2010 to 25 provinces by 2019, especially at the town level. The SFTS cases were mainly sporadic. A total of 96.5% occurred from April to October, and 93.3% of cases were concentrated in middle-aged and elderly people (40–84 years old). Farmers were the main high-risk population. Female cases were slightly more than male cases; however, there were differences between different provinces. The mortality rate showed an increasing trend with age. Overall, the SFTS cases were mainly middle-aged and elderly farmers that sporadically distributed throughout seven provinces with a spatially expanding trend. The laboratory-confirmed rate varied in different years and provinces, which implied that the diagnosis and report criteria for SFTS should be further updated and unified in order to get a better understanding of its epidemiological characteristics and provide scientific data for SFTS control.

scholarly journals Analysis of the age-structured epidemiological characteristics of SARS-COV-2 transmission in mainland China: An aggregated approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Junyuan Yang ◽  
Guoqiang Wang ◽  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Xuezhi Li
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Health And Economic Development ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) has raged in mainland China for nearly three months resulting in a huge threat to people’s health and economic development. According to the cumulative numbers of confirmed cases and deathes of SARS-COV-2 infection announced by the National Health Commission of China, we divided the human population into four subgroups including the adolescents group (0–19 yr old), the youth group (20–49 yr old), the middle-aged group (50–74 yr old) and the elderly group (over 75 yr old), and proposed a discrete age-structured SEIHRQ SARS-COV-2 transmission model. We utilized contact matrixes to describe the contact heterogeneities and correlations among different age groups. Adopting the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, we identified the parameters of the model and fitted the confirmed cases from January 24th to March 31st. Through a more in-depth study, we showed that before January 28th (95% CI [Feb. 25th, Feb. 31st]), the effective reproduction number was greater than 1 and after that day its value was less than 1. Moreover, we estimated that the peak values of infection were 66 (95% CI [65,67]) for the adolescents, 3996 (95% CI [3957,4036]) for the young group, 14714 (95% CI [14692,14735]) for middle-aged group and 297 (95% CI [295,300]) for elderly people, respectively; the proportions of the final sizes of SARS-COV-2 infection accounted for less than 90% for each group. We found that under the current restricted control strategies, the most severe and high-risk group was middle-aged people aged between 50–74 yr old; without any prevention, the most severe and high-risk group had become the young adults aged 20–49 yr old.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiological characteristics of echovirus 6 in mainland China: extensive circulation of genotype F from 2007 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Cheng ◽  
Tianjiao Ji ◽  
Shuaifeng Zhou ◽  
Yong Shi ◽  
Lili Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Echovirus 6 ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Highest Posterior Density ◽  
Genotype F

AbstractEchovirus 6 (E6) is associated with various clinical diseases and is frequently detected in environmental sewage. Despite its high prevalence in humans and the environment, little is known about its molecular phylogeography in mainland China. In this study, 114 of 21,539 (0.53%) clinical specimens from hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases collected between 2007 and 2018 were positive for E6. The complete VP1 sequences of 87 representative E6 strains, including 24 strains from this study, were used to investigate the evolutionary genetic characteristics and geographical spread of E6 strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 nucleotide sequence divergence showed that, globally, E6 strains can be grouped into six genotypes, designated A to F. Chinese E6 strains collected between 1988 and 2018 were found to belong to genotypes C, E, and F, with genotype F being predominant from 2007 to 2018. There was no significant difference in the geographical distribution of each genotype. The evolutionary rate of E6 was estimated to be 3.631 × 10-3 substitutions site-1 year-1 (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 3.2406 × 10-3-4.031 × 10-3 substitutions site-1 year-1) by Bayesian MCMC analysis. The most recent common ancestor of the E6 genotypes was traced back to 1863, whereas their common ancestor in China was traced back to around 1962. A small genetic shift was detected in the Chinese E6 population size in 2009 according to Bayesian skyline analysis, which indicated that there might have been an epidemic around that year.

scholarly journals The Epidemiological Characteristics of Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: Two Cross-Sectional Studies in the Same Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 155798832097799
Author(s):  
Shan-Jie Zhou ◽  
Ming-Jia Zhao ◽  
Yi-Hong Yang ◽  
Di Guan ◽  
Zhi-Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Late Onset Hypogonadism ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted at 5-year intervals in community-dwelling men living in the same area. A total of 1472 (Study 1, S1) and 944 (Study 2, S2) men aged 40–69 years old were recruited as subjects. Subjects were evaluated through combining serum reproductive hormone levels with the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) questionnaire and the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale. A significant difference was found in mean testosterone deficiency (TD) prevalence between S1 and S2, using either serum total testosterone (TT; 14.02% vs. 6.36%) or serum calculated free testosterone (cFT; 43.69% vs. 16.53%) cutoff values. According to the S1 or S2 data, the mean prevalence of LOH was 37.85%/15.47% in the positive ADAM test and 15.42%/9.43% in the positive AMS test ( p < .01). According to classifications of TD based on gonadal status, the prevalence of secondary TD (27.34%) was higher than the primary (16.36%) and compensated (15.42%) TD in S1 ( p < .01). However, there were significant differences among the prevalence of primary (6.89%), secondary (9.64%), and compensated (27.65%) TD in S2 ( p < .05). Different types of testosterone levels, TD cutoff values, and questionnaires influenced the prevalence of TD and LOH. The serum FT cutoff value was an optimal threshold for evaluating and diagnosing TD and LOH, whose prevalence increased gradually with male aging.

Abnormal Regional Distribution of Ventilation in Middle-Aged Smokers

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (s18) ◽  
pp. 36P-36P
Author(s):  
IP Hicks ◽  
SJ Barter ◽  
H Joyce ◽  
JP Lavender ◽  
NB Pride
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Middle Aged

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Bacillary Dysentery from 2005 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcong Yan ◽  
Yijuan Chen ◽  
Ziping Miao ◽  
Shuwen Qin ◽  
Hua Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Bacillary Dysentery ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Circular Distribution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics

Background: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang Province and to provide the basis for its monitoring, prevention and control. Methods: This study included cases registered in China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2017 in Zhejiang. Descriptive methods were employed to investigate the long trend of this disease: gender distribution, high-risk population, seasonality, and circular distribution was explored to detect the peak period; incidence maps were made to show the incidence trend of disease at county level; spatial autocorrelation was explored and the regions with autocorrelation were detected; and spatiotemporal scan was conducted to map out the high-risk regions of disease and how long they lasted. Statistical significance was assumed at p value of <0.05. Results: A total of 105,577 cases of bacillary dysentery were included, the incidence declining sharply from 45.84/100,000 to 3.44/100,000 with an obvious seasonal peak from July to October. Males were more predisposed to the infection than females. Pre-education children had the highest proportion among all occupation categories. Incidence in all age groups were negatively correlated with the year (p < 0.001), and the incidences were negatively correlated with the age groups in 2005–2008 (p = 0.022, 0.025, 0.044, and 0.047, respectively). Local autocorrelation showed that counties in Hangzhou were high-risk regions of bacillary dysentery. The spatiotemporal scan indicated that all clusters occurred before 2011, and the most likely cluster for disease was found in Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou. Conclusions: The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang from 2005 to 2017 featured spatiotemporal clustering, and remained high in some areas and among the young population. Findings in this study serve as a panorama of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang and provide useful information for better interventions and public health planning.

Association of Daytime Napping and Diagnosed Diabetes in Middle-Aged Premenopausal, Middle-Aged Postmenopausal, and Older Postmenopausal Chinese Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Fang ◽  
Junmin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Purpose: To examine associations of daytime napping and diagnosed diabetes in middle-aged premenopausal, middle-aged postmenopausal, and older postmenopausal Chinese women. Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional. Setting: 2015 cross-sectional data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Participants were recruited from 150 counties/districts and 450 villages/resident committees. Participants: Six thousand nine hundred and forty women aged 45 years and older (mean age = 61 years) stratified by age and menopausal status. Measures: The outcome was self-reported diagnosed diabetes. The exposure was self-reported daytime napping (0, >0-≤60, or >60 min/d). Participants were stratified to middle-aged premenopausal, middle-aged postmenopausal, and older postmenopausal women according to their age (≤60 or >60 years) and menopausal status. Analysis: One-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests were conducted to explore differences on characteristics of middle-aged premenopausal, middle-aged postmenopausal, and older postmenopausal women. Multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for diagnosed diabetes according to daytime napping in the total sample, middle-aged premenopausal, middle-aged postmenopausal, and older postmenopausal Chinese women. Results: Participants’ mean self-reported daytime napping duration was 34 minutes. Women who napped more than 60 minutes were more likely to report diagnosed diabetes (OR = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.76) comparing to those who did not nap, after adjusting for potential confounders. No statistical significance of interaction term between daytime napping and age/menopausal status was detected ( P = .602 and P = .558) among total women. The stratified analysis revealed the significant association among middle-aged postmenopausal women napping more than 60 minutes (OR = 1.81, 95% CI, 1.18-2.77). The association, however, was found to be insignificant in middle-aged premenopausal women and older postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Long daytime nap (>60 min/d) was associated with diagnosed diabetes in middle-aged postmenopausal women in China.

scholarly journals The increasing menace of dengue in Guangzhou, 2001–2016: the most important epicenter in mainland China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhoubin Zhang ◽  
Qinlong Jing ◽  
Zongqiu Chen ◽  
Tiegang Li ◽  
Liyun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Infectious Disease Reporting ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
System Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease in the world, with China affected seriously in recent years. 65.8% of dengue cases identified in mainland China since 2005 were reported from the city of Guangzhou. Methods In this study, we described the incidence rate and distribution of dengue cases using data collected form National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System data in Guangzhou for 2001 to 2016. All dengue cases were investigated using standardized questionnaire. Results A total of 42,469 dengue cases were reported, with an average annual incidence rate of 20.99 per 100,000 resident population. Over this time period, the incidence rate of indigenous cases increased. Dengue affected areas also expanded sharply geographically from 58.1% of communities affected during 2001–2005 to 96.4% of communities affected in 2011–2016. Overall 95.30% of the overseas imported cases were reported during March and December, while 99.79% of indigenous cases were reported during July and November. All four dengue virus serotypes were identified both in imported cases and indigenous cases. The Aedes albopictus mosquito was the only vector for dengue transmission in the area. Conclusions Guangzhou has become the dengue epicenter in mainland China. Control strategies for dengue should be adjusted to the epidemiological characteristics above and intensive study need to be conducted to explore the factors that driving the rapid increase of dengue.

scholarly journals Obesity Is Associated With Increased Susceptibility to Influenza A (H1N1pdm) but Not H3N2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E Maier ◽  
Guillermina Kuan ◽  
Lionel Gresh ◽  
Roger Lopez ◽  
Nery Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract Background Obesity has been shown to increase the risk of severe outcomes and death for influenza virus infections. However, we do not understand the influence of obesity on susceptibility to infection or on nonsevere influenza outcomes. Methods We performed a case-ascertained, community-based study of influenza transmission within households in Nicaragua. To investigate whether obesity increases the likelihood of influenza infection and symptomatic infection we used logistic regression models. Results Between 2015 and 2018, a total of 335 index cases with influenza A and 1506 of their household contacts were enrolled. Obesity was associated with increased susceptibility to symptomatic H1N1pdm infection among adults (odds ratio [OR], 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–4.06) but not children, and this association increased with age. Among adults with H1N1pdm infection, obesity was associated with increased likelihood of symptoms (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.55–9.87). For middle-aged and older adults with obesity there was also a slight increase in susceptibility to any H1N1pdm infection (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, .62–2.34). Body mass index (BMI) was also linearly associated with increased susceptibility to symptomatic H1N1pdm infection, primarily among middle-aged and older women (5-unit BMI increase OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.00–1.97). Obesity was not associated with increased H3N2 susceptibility or associated symptoms. Conclusions We found that, among adults, obesity is associated with susceptibility to H1N1pdm infection and with symptoms associated with H1N1pdm infection, but not with susceptibility to H3N2 infection or associated symptoms. These findings will help target prevention efforts and therapeutics to this high-risk population.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of the first 100 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, a city with a stringent containment policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher K C Lai ◽  
Rita W Y Ng ◽  
Martin C S Wong ◽  
Ka Chun Chong ◽  
Yun Kit Yeoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Containment Policy ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Hong Kong (HK) is a densely populated city near the epicentre of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Stringent border control together with aggressive case finding, contact tracing, social distancing and quarantine measures were implemented to halt the importation and spread of the virus. Methods We performed an epidemiological study using government information covering the first 100 confirmed cases to examine the epidemic curve, incidence, clusters, reproduction number (Rt), incubation period and time to containment. Results A total of 93 of the 100 cases were HK residents (6 infected in Mainland China, 10 on the Diamond Princess Cruise). Seven were visitors infected in Mainland China before entering HK. The majority (76%) were aged ≥45 years, and the incidence increased with age (P &lt; 0.001). Escalation of border control measures correlated with a decrease in the proportion (62.5% to 0%) of cases imported from Mainland China, and a reduction in Rt (1.07 to 0.75). The median incubation period was 4.2 days [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.0–4.5; 5th and 95th percentiles: 1.3 and 14.0). Most clusters with identifiable epidemiological links were households involving 2–4 people. Three medium-spreading events were identified: two from New Year gatherings (6–11 people), and another from environmental contamination of a worship hall (12 people). Despite intensified contact tracing, containment was delayed in 78.9% of cases (mean = 5.96 days, range = 0–24 days). An unusual transmission in a multi-storey building via faulty toilet plumbing was suspected with &gt;100 residents evacuated overnight. Our analysis indicated that faulty plumbing was unlikely to be the source of this transmission. Conclusion Timely stringent containment policies minimized the importation and transmission of COVID-19 in HK.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in children in Mainland China, 2009–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruling Yang ◽  
Mengyang Liu ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Jinfeng Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of child pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) notified to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) from 2009 to 2015.Study designA database of child PTB for 31 provinces in mainland China over 7 years was retrospectively analysed. The spatiotemporal distribution of child PTB was described.ResultsIn total, 35,710 child PTB cases were notified to the TBIMS, representing only 0.60% of all 5,991,593 PTB case notifications. The average annual notified incidence of child PTB was 2.44/ per 100,000 children (95% CI: 1.77–3.10) and decreased by 52.53% in all age groups during the study period. Tibet had the highest incidence (15.95/ per 100,000 children), followed by Guizhou and Xinjiang. However, the case numbers were the most in Guizhou. The 0-1 year and 12–14 years of age groups exhibited the most cases. The positive rates of sputum smears, bacteriology and chest X-rays abnormality were 21.5%, 21.7% and 98.1%, respectively, which were lower than those 15 years of age and older (all p-values<0.0001).ConclusionThe notified incidence of child PTB in mainland China decreased substantially over 7 years. Future prevention and control of PTB in children should focus on the 0–1 and 12–14 years of age groups, and Tibet and Guizhou provinces. However, the notified incidence is still low, relative to adults, suggesting substantial under-reporting. Thus, more effective care seeking, identification and registration of children with TB are crucial.

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