A Qualitative Study of the Impact of COVID-19 on Smoking Behavior for Participants in a Post-Hospitalization Smoking Cessation Trial

(1) Background: COVID-19 has substantially altered individual environments and behaviors. We aim to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the smoking behavior of individuals trying to quit tobacco. (2) Methods: This study presents a qualitative analysis of individual interviews focused on perceived impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco use among 39 participants in the Helping HAND 4 (HH4) post-hospitalization smoking cessation trial (NCT03603496). (3) Results: Emergent impacts of COVID-19 included change in routine, isolation, employment changes, and financial challenges; these in turn were associated with boredom, altered cravings and triggers, and increased stress. The availability of effective coping mechanisms instead of smoking to deal with stress heavily influenced subsequent smoking behavior. These results were triangulated with the Transactional Model of Stress, providing a framework to elucidate connections between factors such as perceived control, self-efficacy, and dispositional coping style, and highlighting potential areas for intervention. (4) Conclusions: Results suggest that stress during the COVID-19 pandemic may undermine effective coping skills among individuals enrolled in a post-hospitalization smoking cessation trial. Strengthening effective coping skills (e.g., minimizing the use of tobacco as a default stress response) and increasing perceived control and self-efficacy are promising intervention targets.

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The impact of HIRAID on emergency nurses' self-efficacy, anxiety and perceived control: A simulated study

International Emergency Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.ienj.2015.08.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 53-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Belinda Munroe ◽

Thomas Buckley ◽

Kate Curtis ◽

Margaret Murphy ◽

Luke Strachan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Control ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Emergency Nurses ◽

The Impact

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Perceived Pain and Smoking Interrelations and Expectancies Are Associated With Pain and Smoking Cessation in Individuals With Mobility Impairments

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntz111 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Romano Endrighi ◽

Nicolle Rueras ◽

Shira I Dunsiger ◽

Belinda Borrelli

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Smoking Abstinence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mobility Impairments ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Perceived Pain

Abstract Introduction Smoking and pain are highly prevalent among individuals with mobility impairments (MIs; use assistive devices to ambulate). The role of pain-related smoking motives and expectancies in smoking cessation is unknown. We examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between a novel measure of pain-related smoking motives (how smokers with pain perceive their pain and smoking to be interrelated) and pain and smoking behavior in smokers with MI. Methods This is a secondary data analysis of a smoking cessation induction trial (N = 263; 55% female) in smokers with MI. Participants did not have to want to quit to enroll. Pain-related smoking motives and expectancies were assessed at baseline with the pain and smoking inventory (PSI) which measures perceived pain and smoking interrelations in three distinct but related domains (smoking to cope with pain, pain as a motivator of smoking and as a barrier to cessation). Other measures included pain occurrence and interference, nicotine dependence, motivation and self-efficacy to quit smoking, and number of cigarettes per day. Biochemically verified smoking abstinence was assessed at 6 months. Results PSI scores were significantly higher among smokers with chronic pain occurrence compared to occasional and to no occurrence (p < .002) and were associated with greater pain interference (ps < .01) and lower self-efficacy to quit smoking (ps < .01). In prospective analyses adjusted for age, treatment group, and chronic pain, only expectancies of smoking to help cope with pain predicted lower odds of abstinence. Conclusions Targeting expectancies of smoking as a mechanism to cope with pain may be useful in increasing smoking cessation in pain populations. Implications Individuals with MI have a high prevalence of smoking and pain, yet the extent to which this population perceives pain and smoking to be interrelated is unknown. This is the first article to examine prospective associations between a novel measure of perceived pain and smoking interrelations (PSI) and smoking outcomes. The PSI was associated with greater pain and lower self-efficacy for quitting. Prospectively, the PSI subscale tapping into expectancies that smoking help coping with pain predicted a lower probability of smoking abstinence. In smokers with MI, expectancies of smoking as pain-coping mechanism may be an important clinical target.

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Coping skills training for adolescents at school

The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist ◽

10.1017/s0816512200028182 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 103-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Amanda Cotta ◽

Erica Frydenberg ◽

Charles Poole

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Program Implementation ◽

Perceived Control ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Coping Skills ◽

School Psychologist ◽

Skills Training ◽

Problem Solving Skills ◽

Internal States ◽

Best Of Coping

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of a coping skills program “The Best of Coping” on adolescents’ coping style and self-efficacy and highlights a model of program delivery through the collaboration of school staff and a school psychologist Eighty-eight adolescents were recruited from a Melbourne suburb and divided into treatment and control groups, with the treatment group receiving the program. All participants completed the Adolescent Coping Scale and Perceived Control of Internal States questionnaires prior to and after the program was conducted. Results showed significant decreases in nonproductive coping and increases in self-efficacy for the treatment group postprogram and a trend indicating increases in productive coping. The findings are discussed with regard to the need to implement programs that can teach adolescents optimism and problem-solving skills so that they may handle problems and stressors more effectively. With the increase in depression and suicide rates, the need to provide school based programs is discussed, with particular emphasis placed on program implementation by collaboration of the school psychologist with teachers.

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Self-efficacy, decisional balance and the stages of change for smoking cessation in a German sample

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.58.2.101 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 101-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stefan Keller ◽

Claudio R. Nigg ◽

Christian Jäkle ◽

Erika Baum ◽

Heinz-Dieter Basler

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Stages Of Change ◽

Transtheoretical Model ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Decisional Balance ◽

German Sample ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Relationship Of

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) has been shown to be a powerful basis for describing and explaining behavior change and designing effective interventions. Previous research has documented its usefulness in the context of smoking cessation as well as other areas but predominantly in US samples. The goal of this study was to provide further data on the applicability of the TTM and the relationship of some of its core constructs (stage of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance) in a German sample of smokers and ex-smokers. Participants (N = 401) were ever-smokers (age M = 47 years, range 35-65, 62% male) who participated in a health check-up for cardiovascular risk factors at their general practitioner's office. For current smokers, significant differences in the number of quit attempts across the stages of change supported the criterion validity of the staging algorithm; differences in number of cigarettes per day were non-significant. Self-efficacy for non-smoking behavior showed an almost linear increase across the stages of change, with significant differences between pre-action and action stages. The pros for smoking cessation also increased significantly across the stages, mainly due to a significantly lower perception of pros by participants in the Precontemplation stage. As expected, the cons for smoking cessation decreased significantly, being lower in Action and Maintenance than in earlier stages. Although the generalizability of the results for the stage distribution is limited by the selectivity of the sample, the results underline the applicability and replicability of these TTM core constructs for smoking cessation with newly developed instruments in a German sample.

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An Evaluation of a Therapist-Administered Bibliotherapy and Spouse Smoking Habits on Smoking Behavior

Journal of Drug Education ◽

10.2190/60wj-jh77-fcxb-nvwd ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 327-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barbara L. Seibel

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Treatment Program ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Resistance To Change ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Important Variable ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact

This study attempted to evaluate a readily available comprehensive bibliotherapy smoking cessation program and the impact of smoking and nonsmoking behavior of a spouse on the individual to stop smoking. It provided a valuable source of client evaluation and stimulation for future investigation. The results suggest that motivation is an important variable in smoking cessation. Further, there is a need to develop a continuum of care to include: directed health education, self-administered treatment, therapist-administered group treatment, therapist-administered individual treatment, and detoxification coupled with continuing group support. Habit formation or resistance to change, and motivation may be primary factors in determining placement on this continuum. Finally, professional responsibility is important: What levels of success should a consumer and/or professional expect of a broadly available treatment program? What are the risks of failure?

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A Qualitative Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Behavior and Attitudes of Smokers and Non-smokers in South Korea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-478285/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jieun Hwang ◽

Hae-ryong Chun ◽

Eunsil Cheon

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Human Society ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Group Interviews ◽

Education Culture ◽

The Impact ◽

Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of human society, including education, culture, and economy, and has also brought changes in health behaviors such as drinking alcohol, nutrition intake, and practicing healthy living. This study conducted a qualitative research in the Korean context to examine the changes in the smoking behavior of smokers and secondhand smoke exposure of non-smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods Focus group interviews were conducted with 36 Korean participants (18 men and 18 women): groups were composed of cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users, heated tobacco products users, or non-smokers. ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless tobacco products, in the case of users who were not participating in engaging in social interaction, such as working from home or online classes, the frequency of using increased, and for users who continued engaging in social interactions, the amount of using increased each time they used. Smokers showed a tendency to avoid smoking rooms and to smoke alone in places where there were no people. In addition, non-smokers’ exposure to secondhand smoke did not decrease, but since non-smokers used masks, they reported more relief about the risk of exposure to secondhand smoke than before.ConclusionsSmokers being a high-risk group for COVID-19 did not result in smoking cessation among smokers. Therefore, policy and educational campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of smoking and to encourage smoking cessation are needed in the future.

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Too much of a good thing?: The impact of ethical controls and perceived controllability on salesforce job performance

Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing ◽

10.1108/jbim-01-2021-0021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Joon-Hee Oh ◽

Wesley J. Johnston ◽

Carolyn Folkman Curasi

Keyword(s):

Job Performance ◽

Perceived Control ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Ethical Climate ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

Content Type ◽

Organizational Ethical Climate ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to attempt to better understand the relationship between organizational ethical climate, the internalization of ethical codes (INT), perceived control and business-to-business (B2B) and retail salesperson job performance. This research develops and tests a model that examines these relationships to better understand the relationship of these variables to salesperson job performance. Design/methodology/approach Using the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 2002) as the theoretical lens and survey data from 307 salespeople in the USA, this study examines the relationship between organizational ethical climate, salesperson perceived control and salesperson job performance. This study examines whether this relationship may change with the presence of intervening variables related to a strengthened organizational ethical climate, and examines the relationship between these variables in two different analyses. First, this study examines the differences among retail salespeople as compared to B2B salespeople. Then this study examines the total dataset of salespeople as one sample. Findings The findings show that the positive effect of organizational ethical climate on the job performance of salespeople was reduced significantly when salespersons’ INT and salesperson perceived controllability, were examined in this relationship. Practical implications Organizational controls, such as an ethical climate within a firm, can impact salesperson job performance, especially if the firm’s ethical climate causes the salesteam to feel that it lessens their perceived control. This study found that if the ethical climate reduces the salespeople’s feelings of self-efficacy, that the ethical climate changes can intervene and can significantly reduce the otherwise positive effect of the organizational ethical climate on salesperson job performance. Originality/value From a theoretical perspective, the research is distinctive in its endeavor to better understand the relationship between the role of salespersons’ ethical code internalization and their feelings of self-efficacy and perceived control. This paper then examines how these variables can be influential to the direct effect of organizational ethical control and can impact the job performance of salespeople. The findings contribute to research by advancing our knowledge of how we can enhance the responses of salespeople to an organization’s ethical control, leading to higher customer satisfaction and improved sales performance.

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Empowering healthcare providers through smoking cessation training in Malaysia: a preintervention and postintervention evaluation on the improvement of knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e030670 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Siti Idayu Hasan ◽

Farizah Mohd Hairi ◽

Nur Amani Ahmad Tajuddin ◽

Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Training Programme ◽

Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽

Evaluation Tool ◽

Cessation Intervention ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesHealthcare providers are ideally positioned to advise their patients to quit smoking by providing effective smoking cessation intervention. Thus, we evaluate the effectiveness of a 1-day training programme in changing the knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy of healthcare providers in smoking cessation intervention.MethodsA prepost study design was conducted in 2017. The 8-hour Smoking Cessation Organising, Planning and Execution (SCOPE) training comprised lectures, practical sessions and role-play sessions to 218 healthcare providers. A validated evaluation tool, Providers’ Smoking Cessation Training Evaluation, was administered to assess the impact of training on knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy on smoking cessation intervention.ResultsAfter SCOPE training, the knowledge score increased significantly from 7.96±2.34 to 10.35±1.57 (p<0.001). Attitude and self-efficacy in smoking cessation intervention also increased significantly from 34.32±4.12 to 37.04±3.92 (p<0.001) and 40.31±8.61 to 54.67±7.45 (p<0.001) respectively. Pretraining and post-training scores improved significantly for all professions, and each measure, particularly self-efficacy.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that SCOPE training could improve healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy on smoking cessation intervention. Future training is recommended to equip healthcare providers with current knowledge, positive attitude and high self-efficacy to integrate what they have learned into practice successfully.

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The Smoking Mind: A Psycho-Cognitive Perspective

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.1515/cttr-2017-0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 33-41

Author(s):

Marianna Masiero ◽

Chiara Renzi ◽

Gabriella Pravettoni

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Smoking Initiation ◽

Cognitive Mechanisms ◽

Cognitive Components ◽

Risk Judgment ◽

Tobacco Cigarette ◽

Smoking Behaviors ◽

The Impact

Summary Smoking behavior involves not only a biological addiction, but also psycho-cognitive components. This runs from smoking initiation, through to maintaining, attempts at quitting, and relapse. This perspective is an important element in studying and intervening in smoking behaviors. The main aim of this narrative review is to explore tobacco cigarette smoking behavior, considering the pivotal role of cognitive mechanisms embedded in decision-making and in risk judgment, with particular attention to the so-called Optimistic Bias (OB). The mechanisms through which this fallacy supports smoking initiation and continuance are explored, considering the transition from young to adult smokers and the case of light and intermittent smokers. Furthermore, additional cognitive mechanisms associated with the OB, which sustain smoking behavior and prevent the efficacy of smoking cessation, are described. Finally, a stimulus for reflection and for discussion about how the impact of the cognitive bias perspective in tobacco cigarette smoking is provided, focusing on how it could support tailored interventions, both in smoking initiation prevention in adolescents and young adults, as well as in smoking cessation in high-risk categories.

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