Burnout in Intensive Care Unit Workers during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Center Cross-Sectional Italian Study

The COVID-19 pandemic had a massive impact on the Italian healthcare systems, which became overwhelmed, leading to an increased risk of psychological pressure on ICU workers. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of distress (anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms), burnout syndrome and resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to detect potential factors associated with their psychological response. This cross-sectional, survey-based study enrolled 136 healthcare workers assisting COVID-19 patients in the new COVID-19 ward (Intensive Care Unit), at Milano Fiera, Lombardy. Participants completed an online survey that comprised different validated and standardized questionnaires: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Resilience Scale for adults (RSA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Socio-demographic and work characteristics were also collected. Out of 136 ICU specialists, there were 84 nurses (62%) and 52 physicians (38%). Over half (60%) met the criteria for burnout, with nearly the same percentages among nurses and physicians. Nurses reported significantly higher scores of anxiety and insomnia levels. Forty-five percent of participants reported symptoms of depression (of whom 13.9% in the clinical range) and most of the staff showed moderate to high levels (82.4%) of resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic can have a significant impact on ICU staff. Effective interventions are needed to maintain healthcare professionals’ mental health and relieve burnout. Follow-up and tailored procedures should be provided to alleviate the psychological burden in the frontline staff at highest risk.

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Burnout syndrome and its association with anxiety and fear of medical errors among intensive care unit physicians: A cross-sectional study

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x20902780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 134-142

Author(s):

Polychronis Voultsos ◽

Maria Koungali ◽

Konstantinos Psaroulis ◽

Afroditi K Boutou

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specific Syndrome

Burnout is a work-specific syndrome with high incidence among intensive care unit personnel. Although several risk factors have been proposed, data regarding the association of anxiety and burnout among intensive care unit physicians are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of burnout and its association with state and trait anxiety and other sociodemographic, behavioural and occupational-related parameters, among intensivists. A population of intensive care physicians was evaluated using the self-completed Maslach Burnout Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y, and data regarding sociodemographic and occupational-related variables were also recorded. From the 98 intensive care physicians addressed, 80 returned fully completed questionnaires; 26.9% of them presented with high emotional exhaustion, 37.5% with high depersonalisation and 41.5% with low personal accomplishment scores. Trait anxiety, fear of having committed a medical error and self-reporting difficulty when having to act accurately were independently associated with high burnout. In conclusion, burnout is common among intensivists and is associated with specific behavioural characteristics and personality traits, but not with work-related factors.

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Síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros atuantes em unidade de terapia intensiva

Enfermagem em Foco ◽

10.21675/2357-707x.2014.v5.n3/4.563 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3/4) ◽

pp. 75-78

Author(s):

Glébia Keila da Cunha Silva ◽

Fernanda Valéria Silva Dantas Avelino ◽

Márcia Teles De Oliveira Gouveia ◽

Maria Zélia De Araujo Madeira ◽

Francinete Paula Dantas Avelino

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Level ◽

Sociodemographic Data ◽

Terapia Intensiva

Resumo: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, transversal, com amostra de 33 enfermeiros, objetivou verificar a ocorrência da síndrome de burnout em enfermeirosatuantes em unidade de terapia intensiva. Foram aplicados questionários dos dados sociodemográficos e o Maslach Burnout Inventory. Dosparticipantes, 43% apresentaram baixo nível de exaustão emocional, 52% baixo nível de despersonalização, 49% demonstraram satisfação moderadano trabalho e em 6% foi diagnosticado o burnout. Concluiu-se que a ocorrência da síndrome nos enfermeiros é sutil, pois para diagnosticá-la deve-seobter nível alto para exaustão emocional e despersonalização, e nível baixo para realização profissional.Descritores: Síndrome de burnout, Unidade de terapia intensiva, Enfermagem.Burnout syndrome in nurses working in intensive care unitAbstract: A descriptive and exploratory study, cross-sectional with the sample of 33 nurses with the objective to determine the occurrence of burnoutin nurses working in intensive care unit. We used the questionnaires of sociodemographic data and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Among the participants,43% of nurses showed low level of emotional exhaustion, 52% low level of depersonalization, 49% showed moderate satisfaction at work and 6%were diagnosed with burnout. We concluded that the occurrence of burnout in nurses is subtle, because to diagnose it should get high to emotionalexhaustion and depersonalization, and low for professional achievement.Descriptors: Burnout syndrome, Intensive care unit, Nursing.Síndrome de Burnout en enfermeros que trabajan en la unidad de cuidados intensivosResumen: Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, transversal muestra de 33 enfermeros, con el fin de verificar la ocurrencia de burnout en enfermerasque trabajan en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Los cuestionarios se utilizan para los datos demográficos y el Inventario Burnout de Maslach. Entrelos participantes, el 43% de las enfermeras tenían bajos niveles de agotamiento emocional, 52% bajo nivel de despersonalización, el 49% mostró unamoderada satisfacción en el trabajo y en el 6% fue diagnosticado agotamiento. Se concluyó que la aparición del síndrome en enfermeros es sutil, porqueel diagnóstico se debe drogarse hasta el agotamiento emocional despersonalización,y el bajo nivel de logro profesionalDescriptores: Síndrome de Burnout, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Enfermería.Resumo: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, transversal, com amostra de 33 enfermeiros, objetivou verificar a ocorrência da síndrome de burnout em enfermeirosatuantes em unidade de terapia intensiva. Foram aplicados questionários dos dados sociodemográficos e o Maslach Burnout Inventory. Dosparticipantes, 43% apresentaram baixo nível de exaustão emocional, 52% baixo nível de despersonalização, 49% demonstraram satisfação moderadano trabalho e em 6% foi diagnosticado o burnout. Concluiu-se que a ocorrência da síndrome nos enfermeiros é sutil, pois para diagnosticá-la deve-seobter nível alto para exaustão emocional e despersonalização, e nível baixo para realização profissional.Descritores: Síndrome de burnout, Unidade de terapia intensiva, Enfermagem.Burnout syndrome in nurses working in intensive care unitAbstract: . A descriptive and exploratory study, cross-sectional with the sample of 33 nurses with the objective to determine the occurrence of burnoutin nurses working in intensive care unit. We used the questionnaires of sociodemographic data and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Among the participants,43% of nurses showed low level of emotional exhaustion, 52% low level of depersonalization, 49% showed moderate satisfaction at work and 6%were diagnosed with burnout. We concluded that the occurrence of burnout in nurses is subtle, because to diagnose it should get high to emotionalexhaustion and depersonalization, and low for professional achievement.Descriptors: Burnout syndrome, Intensive care unit, Nursing.Síndrome de Burnout en enfermeros que trabajan en la unidad de cuidados intensivosResumen: Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, transversal muestra de 33 enfermeros, con el fin de verificar la ocurrencia de burnout en enfermerasque trabajan en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Los cuestionarios se utilizan para los datos demográficos y el Inventario Burnout de Maslach. Entrelos participantes, el 43% de las enfermeras tenían bajos niveles de agotamiento emocional, 52% bajo nivel de despersonalización, el 49% mostró unamoderada satisfacción en el trabajo y en el 6% fue diagnosticado agotamiento. Se concluyó que la aparición del síndrome en enfermeros es sutil, porqueel diagnóstico se debe drogarse hasta el agotamiento emocional despersonalización,y el bajo nivel de logro profesionalDescriptores: Síndrome de Burnout, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Enfermería.

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Burnout Syndrome prevalence among nursing technicians of an Adult Intensive Care Unit

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (suppl 3) ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Cardoso e Cardozo Alves ◽

Sofia Louise Santin Barilli ◽

Andréia Martins Specht ◽

Noéli Daiãm Raymundo Herbert

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Intensive Care Unit

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify Burnout Syndrome prevalence among nursing technicians of an adult Intensive Care Unit and associate prevalence with sociodemographic and clinical data. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out in an adult Intensive Care Unit of a large public hospital in southern Brazil, between March and April/2018. Prevalence was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: 122 nursing technicians participated (aged 39±2.5 years), 76% being women. Burnout Syndrome prevalence was 19.7% and 62.9%. There was a significant association between Burnout Syndrome and depression (p=0.004), as well as Burnout Syndrome and comorbidities (p=0.033), when less conservative criteria were adopted. Conclusion: the findings are relevant to professionals in this area and may contribute to adopting strategies to combat Burnout Syndrome.

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Frequency of Burnout Syndrome in an Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v9i1.39721 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

Debasish Kumar Saha ◽

Muhammad Abdur Razzak ◽

Madhurima Saha ◽

ASM Areef Ahsan ◽

Kaniz Fatema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results

Background: Burnout syndrome is a psychological term resulting from prolonged exposure to job stressors. It is a very common problem among health professionals especially intensive care unit (ICU) staffs (physicians, nurses, ward-attendant), as ICUs are characterized by a high level of work related stress. The consequences associated with professional burnout affect both the healthcare professionals and recipients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done over the period of four months (April to July, 2017) in the department of Critical Care Medicine, of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka. Total 93 ICU staffs were included as study population. After taking informed written consent, the participants were given a structured questionnaire consisting of 2 parts. Part 1 addressed demographic information including gender, age, credentials, employment status, years in practice, work schedule, hours worked per week, smoking and alcohol habit, involvement in teaching and research works. Part 2 of the handout was the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS); an inventory consisting of 22 questions to assess three components of burnout. Results: Among the 93 study participants 39.8% were physicians, 47.3% were nurses and 12.9% were wardattendants) were included in this study. Majority (52.7%) of the responders were found in the age group 20-29 year and 58.1% were married. Majority (58.1%) had a working experience of 1-5 year in ICU, where 61.3% staff had 20-25 working days/month. Regarding duty schedule, 84.9% staff were doing shifting duty, 83.9% had 6-10 working night shifts/month. Most (62.4%) were involved in 1-5 patients’ care during their duty time. Among all responders, 17.2% had habit of smoking and 4.3% had alcohol intake habit. 56.7% physicians were involved in research works, and 41.9% of total physicians and nurses were involved in teaching activities. Mostly (97.8% of all staff) followed the ICU guidelines. Regarding burnout scale, 50.5% of the staff had been suffering from moderate emotional exhaustion (EE), 46.2% of high EE. Majority (38.7%) had been suffering from low depersonalization (DP), 32.3% were in high DP and 29.0% were in moderate DP; 81.7% scored high on the personal accomplishment (PA) subscale. Conclusion: This study results suggest that majority of ICU staff are affected by some level of burnout syndrome. Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 30-34

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SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (12) ◽

pp. 1089-1094 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Adrian Shields ◽

Sian E Faustini ◽

Marisol Perez-Toledo ◽

Sian Jossi ◽

Erin Aldera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Sectional Study ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Internal ◽

Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo determine the rates of asymptomatic viral carriage and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers.DesignA cross-sectional study of asymptomatic healthcare workers undertaken on 24/25 April 2020.SettingUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHBFT), UK.Participants545 asymptomatic healthcare workers were recruited while at work. Participants were invited to participate via the UHBFT social media. Exclusion criteria included current symptoms consistent with COVID-19. No potential participants were excluded.InterventionParticipants volunteered a nasopharyngeal swab and a venous blood sample that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies, respectively. Results were interpreted in the context of prior illnesses and the hospital departments in which participants worked.Main outcome measureProportion of participants demonstrating infection and positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 viral carriage was 2.4% (n=13/545). The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.4% (n=126/516). Participants who reported prior symptomatic illness had higher seroprevalence (37.5% vs 17.1%, χ2=21.1034, p<0.0001) and quantitatively greater antibody responses than those who had remained asymptomatic. Seroprevalence was greatest among those working in housekeeping (34.5%), acute medicine (33.3%) and general internal medicine (30.3%), with lower rates observed in participants working in intensive care (14.8%). BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) ethnicity was associated with a significantly increased risk of seropositivity (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.23, p=0.01). Working on the intensive care unit was associated with a significantly lower risk of seropositivity compared with working in other areas of the hospital (OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78, p=0.02).Conclusions and relevanceWe identify differences in the occupational risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 between hospital departments and confirm asymptomatic seroconversion occurs in healthcare workers. Further investigation of these observations is required to inform future infection control and occupational health practices.

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Burnout Syndrome in UK Intensive Care Unit staff: Data from all three Burnout Syndrome domains and across professional groups, genders and ages

Journal of the Intensive Care Society ◽

10.1177/1751143719860391 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 363-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Laura Vincent ◽

Peter G Brindley ◽

Julie Highfield ◽

Richard Innes ◽

Paul Greig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Age Group ◽

The Uk

IntroductionThis is the first comprehensive evaluation of Burnout Syndrome across the UK Intensive Care Unit workforce and in all three Burnout Syndrome domains: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalisation and lack of Personal Accomplishment.MethodsA questionnaire was emailed to UK Intensive Care Society members, incorporating the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for medical personnel. Burnout Syndrome domain scores were stratified by ‘risk’. Associations with gender, profession and age-group were explored.ResultsIn total, 996 multi-disciplinary responses were analysed. For Emotional Exhaustion, females scored higher and nurses scored higher than doctors. For Depersonalisation, males and younger respondents scored higher.ConclusionApproximately one-third of Intensive Care Unit team-members are at ‘high-risk’ for Burnout Syndrome, though there are important differences according to domain, gender, age-group and profession. This data may encourage a more nuanced understanding of Burnout Syndrome and more personalised strategies for our heterogeneous workforce.

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Factors influencing resilience and burnout among resident physicians - a National Survey

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-02950-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Nituica ◽

Oana Alina Bota ◽

John Blebea ◽

Chin-I Cheng ◽

Gus J. Slotman

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Online Survey ◽

High Stress ◽

Institutional Support ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resident Physicians ◽

Factors Influencing

Abstract Background Residency training exposes young physicians to a challenging and high-stress environment, making them vulnerable to burnout. Burnout syndrome not only compromises the health and wellness of resident physicians but has also been linked to prescription errors, reduction in the quality of medical care, and decreased professionalism. This study explored burnout and factors influencing resilience among U.S. resident physicians. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey, which was distributed to all accredited residency programs by Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). The survey included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 25), Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, and socio-demographic characteristics questions. The association between burnout, resilience, and socio-demographic characteristics were examined. Results The 682 respondents had a mean CD-RISC score of 72.41 (Standard Deviation = 12.1), which was equivalent to the bottom 25th percentile of the general population. Males and upper-level trainees were more resilient than females and junior residents. No significant differences in resilience were found associated with age, race, marital status, or training program type. Resilience positively correlated with personal achievement, family, and institutional support (p < 0.001) and negatively associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (p < 0.001). Conclusions High resilience, family, and institutional support were associated with a lower risk of burnout, supporting the need for developing a resilience training program to promote a lifetime of mental wellness for future physicians.

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Hand hygiene knowledge, perception and practice of healthcare workers in a Turkish university hospital intensive care unit

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.10916 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (08) ◽

pp. 744-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Uluhan Sili ◽

Pinar Ay ◽

Huseyin Bilgin ◽

Seyhan Hidiroglu ◽

Volkan Korten

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Compliance Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

World Health ◽

Training Methods ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: While improvement of hand hygiene (HH) compliance is considered as the best approach to reduce healthcare-associated infections, the instructional interventions in HH among healthcare workers of intensive care unit (ICU) of our hospital was not successful enough. The following study was conducted to evaluate HH knowledge, perception, practice and effectiveness of the trainings among healthcare workers of ICU in our hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the ICU containing 8 medical and 16 surgical beds with 284 filled questionnaires about HH knowledge and 1187 observed opportunities for HH compliance. Results: Overall observed HH compliance rate was 40.6%; lowest compliance was 21.7% for “before clean/aseptic procedure” indication and highest compliance was 68.6% for “after touching a patient” indication. Although > 90% healthcare workers correctly identified the World Health Organization’s five indications for HH, 82 – 85% failed to recognize non-indications, i.e. when it was not necessary to perform HH. Our study showed that 15.1% of healthcare workers neither received nor felt the need for HH training. Conclusions: Despite regular HH trainings, healthcare workers could not differentiate when HH was not required which suggested failure to understand HH rationale. This may explain poor HH compliance rates. A systematic study is needed in order to find out the reasons behind of this noncompliance and improve HH training methods for educating healthcare workers.

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Learning burnout: evaluating the role of social support in medical students

10.21203/rs.3.rs-53416/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jiayu Zhang ◽

Tao Shu ◽

Ming Xiang ◽

Zhanchun Feng

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Medical Students ◽

Online Survey ◽

Family Income ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Protective Role ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social

Abstract Background:Burnout is a stress-induced syndrome that is considered closely related to work. Although social support could reduce burnout syndrome, the effect of it on learning burnout in medical students remains unclear. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the association between learning burnout and social support in a cohort of Chinese medical students.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to students who participated in online learning in a medical college in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic. We used the Lian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess learning burnout and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) to assess social support.Results:A total of 684 students completed the survey (response rate of 30.9%), of which 315 (46.12%) met standard criteria for learning burnout. We found grade, family income, learning time, and the number of interactions with teachers or classmates had an effect on students’ learning burnout. After adjusting for the grade and residence, there was a significant and relevant association between the social support and learning burnout. (adjusted odds ratio, 0.93 for 1-point decrease in total SSRS score; 95% CI, 0.90 – 0.96; p < 0.001).Conclusions:Learning burnout was highly prevalent in medical students of our college. The social support especially subjective support and utilization of support played a protective role in reducing the risk of learning burnout.

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LEVELS OF BURNOUT SYNDROME IN CROATIAN CRITICAL CARE NURSES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

10.31219/osf.io/xdeyh ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adriano Friganović ◽

Polona Selič

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Critical Care Nurses ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Dependency

Background: Burnout syndrome occurs in people who work in jobs which involve frequent and intense contact with people, especially healthcare workers. High dependency departments such as critical care units are very stressful environments, and this can lead to a greater incidence of burnout, especially of emotional exhaustion and poor personal accomplishment. Nurses are the largest group of healthcare workers, and so it is reasonable to expect they would have a high prevalence of burnout.Subjects and methods: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of burnout in critical care nurses in Croatia and explore its association with demographic features. A cross-sectional study of 620 nurses was conducted in several university hospitals, using convenience sampling. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered, together with questions about the sociodemographic and work characteristics of the participants (age, gender, length of work in ICU, education, type of ICU).Results: The majority of the sample were female nursing staff (87.7%), aged 26-35 (38.9%). The results showed that approximately every fifth nurse (22.1%) expressed a high emotional exhaustion (EE), with lesser burden of a high depersonalisation (D) in 7.9%, yet every third nurse (34.5%) scored low on PA. Male nurses reported more depersonalisation (p=0.045), yet neither EE nor the PA dimensions differed by gender.Conclusion: The results of this study concerning burnout are comparable to those of studies of other professions, but the results vary with regard to the sample and the working conditions of the countries.

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