scholarly journals Perception of Threat and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Expatriates in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6650
Author(s):  
Majed A. Algarni ◽  
Mohammad S. Alzahrani ◽  
Yasser Alatawi ◽  
Raghad A. Alasmari ◽  
Hashem O. Alsaab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Perception Of Threat

In the first few months of the pandemic, Makkah region reported the highest number of COVID-19 cases among all regions in Saudi Arabia. More than 80% of these reported cases were non-Saudi residents. In this study, we evaluated the perceived threat from and psychological impact of COVID-19 among non-Saudi residents of Makkah region. This was a cross-sectional analysis of data collected using a standardized self-report questionnaire. A total of 292 expatriates were included in the study, the majority of whom were non-Arabic speakers. The prevalence of self-reported depression was nearly 40%, anxiety was 32%, and stress was 43%. The findings indicated variability in the prevalence of psychological symptoms among expatriates from different ethnic backgrounds. Additionally, work environment and perceived threat were strong predictors of psychological disorders. This suggested that the perceived threat from and psychological burden of COVID-19 among non-Saudis in Makkah region is substantial. Future research should investigate the reasons behind these variations in the psychological impact of the pandemic among different ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Parents' Stress and Children's Psychological Problems during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Maitham Jaber Aljaber ◽  
Maria Mahdi Alqadeeb ◽  
Jassim Hijji Alsaleem ◽  
Sadiq Fadhel Al Ameen ◽  
Ahmad Ibrahim Alhashem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional

The first outbreak of (COVID-19) was in the Chinese city of Wuhan at the end of December 2019 in the form of acute pneumonia. COVID-19 is a serious and highly infectious disease that affected 245,621,992 cases worldwide, leading to a dramatic loss of everyday lifestyle and negatively impacting people's psychological status. This paper shows Parents' Stress and Children's Psychological Problems during this pandemic. Objectives: This work determined the psychological impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on parents and children. Methods: Parents who have children aged between 4 and 16 years old (n=424) completed an online questionnaire using QuestionPro and gave written informed consent. The questionnaire was distributed through social media (WhatsApp, Telegram ) from December 6th to January 5th, 2020-2021. We excluded all responses that came from outside Saudi Arabia. Also, we excluded participants who did not have children; if the parent had more than one child, they were asked to report on one child only. Parents described the difficulties they faced, the parent-child dyadic stress, and their children's behavioral and emotional complications during the pandemic. The participants filled the depression Anxiety Stress Scale (Dass21) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scale. Results: There were significant impacts on the mental health of the public. Our findings demonstrated that the COVID-19 outbreak had remarkable psycho-social effects on children and their parents.The results showed that younger parents were more affected than older parents,Q6 (r = 0.150, p<0.01), DASS stress (r = -0.266, p<0.01), DASS anxiety (r = -0.201, p<0.01), and DASS depression (r = -0.265, p<0.01),but there was no significant psychological impact of having COVID-19. Those who had relatives who died from COVID were at a higher risk of depression (r=0.006, p<0.05). Having a child diagnosed with mental illness seems to have increased the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress of parents. There was a significant association between parents' mental health and their children's psychological adjustment. Conclusions: Quarantining is stressful, especially for parents who also have work and school obligations. This circumstance puts parents at a greater risk of distress and might prevent them from being supportive parents. This, in turn, can lead to psychological symptoms in children. Governmental actions should consider the implications of lockdown on families and their mental health. Recommendation for Future Research: since this study had only focused on one child if parents have more than one with a limited number of participants, we recommended that further research be carried on a larger sample size to see whether there are any similarities in the findings.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Psychological Impact on Health Care Workers in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6076
Author(s):  
Hasan S. Alamri ◽  
Wesam F. Mousa ◽  
Abdullah Algarni ◽  
Shehata F. Megahid ◽  
Ali Al Bshabshe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Little is known about the impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) among the health care workers in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 among the health care workers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May till mid-July among 389 health care workers from government and private hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a pre-structured online questionnaire that measured adverse psychological outcomes, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale. The Pearson chi-square test was used to assess the distribution of depression and anxiety among health care workers. Results: A high level of anxiety was recorded among the health care workers, and 69.3% of health care workers below the age of 40 were found to have depression. There was a significant increase in depression among staff with chronic health problems (72.1% vs. 61.9%; p = 0.048). High anxiety levels were detected among young staff compared to others (68.7% vs. 43.8%; p = 0.001). Moreover, 82.1% of the female staff were anxious, as compared to 55.6% of the males (p = 0.001). Conclusions: We found increased prevalence of adverse psychological outcomes among the health care workers in Saudi Arabia during the outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore, there is a need for proper screening and development of corresponding preventive measures to decrease the adverse psychological outcomes.

scholarly journals Mental health and its association with coping strategies and intolerance of uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in Saudi Arabia: cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad N. AlHadi ◽  
Mohammed A. Alarabi ◽  
Khulood M. AlMansoor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Symptoms

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on people’s lives globally. The outbreak in Saudi Arabia worsened when the number of cases and deaths rose in March and April of 2020, leading to a national lockdown. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with mental health symptoms in a sample of people residing in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted an observational cross-sectional study using an online survey distributed via social media, completed by 3032 respondents from all Saudi regions. We collected demographic data, illness history, and scores of validated self-report scales to assess mental health symptoms, intolerance of uncertainty, and coping strategies. Results In total, respondents indicated moderate to very severe symptoms during the pandemic as follows: 20.9% for depression, 17.5% for anxiety, and 12.6% for stress. Younger age, female gender, and history of mental illness were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia. Intolerance of uncertainty and certain coping strategies (such as denial or self-blame) were associated with more severe symptoms. Conclusions Mental health is a key concern during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for the identified vulnerable groups. Agencies concerned with mental health during crises may use the studied associated factors of mental health symptoms to generate targeted policies or interventions.

Workplace hazards in forensic mortuaries in Saudi Arabia: A survey of forensic mortuary personnel

2021 ◽  
pp. 002580242110196
Author(s):  
Mohammed Madadin ◽  
Ibtisam M Alkhattaf ◽  
Fatima H Abutaki ◽  
Mohammed A Almarzooq ◽  
Fahad A Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Workplace Hazards ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Work Related

Forensic mortuaries have always presented a potential threat to workers who come into contact with dead bodies. This research aims to identify hazards faced by forensic mortuary personnel, including forensic pathologists and technicians working in forensic mortuaries in forensic medicine centres throughout Saudi Arabia, to recognise the prevalence of exposure to workplace hazards and to discover the degree of awareness and use of safety practices. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 20 forensic medicine centres, using an online questionnaire distributed among forensic mortuary personnel. A total of 113 participants responded to the questionnaire. Just over half (53%) of workplaces always provided personal protective equipment, and 75% of participants always used them. The most common hazards were needle-prick wounds and accidental slips or falls. Almost two thirds (64%) of participants witnessed or experienced a work-related accident in the forensic mortuary. The lack of previous studies concerning hazard exposure among forensic mortuary personnel in Saudi Arabia means that this study provides foundational evidence for future research concerning forensic autopsy-related work accidents in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Emergency Medicine Trainee Residents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Quantitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khobrani ◽  
Osama Kentab ◽  
Ahmad AAl Ibrahim ◽  
Gamil Abdellatif ◽  
Ahmed Mosad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
P Value ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Psychological stress has been high among healthcare workers on the frontlines fighting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Emergency medicine (EM) residents are members of the frontline care teams in the fight against COVID-19, which puts them at a higher risk of psychological stress compared to other medical trainees. This study examined the psychological impact of this pandemic on EM trainee residents in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study used a survey sent to EM trainee residents throughout Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire collected demographic data and included questions evaluating stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout experienced while working during the pandemic.Results: Of the 100 respondents eligible for inclusion, 85% were aged between 25 and 30, 32% were in the R1 training level, 52% were training in the Central region of Saudi Arabia, 92% were directly managing patients with COVID-19, 19% had been infected with COVID-19, 54% were satisfied with the personal protective equipment available, 52% were satisfied with the psychological support provided, and only 8% were aware of the psychological support program. Smokers (p-value = 0.025) and those training in the Southern region (p-value = 0.047) experienced the highest levels of anxiety. Those aged 31 to 35 (p-value = 0.014), smokers (p-value = 0.015), those in the R3 training level (p-value = 0.036), and those with relatives who had contracted COVID-19 (p-value = 0.02) reported the highest levels of depression. Those aged 36 to 40 (p-value = 0.015), who were married (p-value = 0.038), and those training in the Northern and Central regions (p-value = 0.002) experienced the highest levels of stress. Those aged 31 to 35 (p-value = 0.041), smokers (p-value = 0.044), and those with relatives who had contracted COVID-19 (p-value = 0.043) showed the highest levels of burnout.Conclusions: EM trainee residents have been exposed to significantly high psychological affectation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological support was underutilized if trainee residents were aware of it at all. Awareness workshops or on-the-job orientation for EM residents regarding psychological support is required.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Adolescent Rumination and Maternal Rumination, Criticism and Positivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Douglas ◽  
Deirdre Williams ◽  
Shirley Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Observational Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Rumination predicts depression in adults and adolescents. The development of rumination has been linked to parenting practices, but only limited research has investigated this and research has tended to rely on self-report parenting measures. Aims: To investigate the relationship between female adolescent rumination and maternal modelling, criticism and positivity using an observational measure of parental behaviour. Method: A cross-sectional design was used. Daughters aged 16–18 years and their mothers (n = 154 dyads) completed questionnaire measures of rumination and affect. Mothers of girls with rumination scores in the upper and lower quartile (both n = 26) also completed the Five Minute Speech Sample, which was used to measure maternal criticism and positivity. Results: Mothers of low rumination girls made significantly more positive comments about their daughters than the mothers of high ruminators. Mothers made very few critical comments. Self-reported rumination was not correlated in mothers and daughters, suggesting a lack of support for the potential role of modelling. Conclusion: Overall, low maternal positivity was associated with rumination in female adolescents. There was no evidence that maternal rumination or criticism were associated with adolescent rumination. The results suggest a number of implications for future research, including the need for prospective longitudinal studies using observational parenting measures.

Failures to Imagine

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed Maxwell ◽  
Steven Jay Lynn ◽  
Scott Lilienfeld
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Mental Imagery

Although interest in the relationship between mental imagery and psychopathology has increased greatly over the last decade, few publications to date have examined relationships between personality-related psychopathology and mental imagery use, abilities, or both. However, we have reason to expect that substantive relationships may exist. For example, studies have consistently linked psychopathy and borderline personality disorder to problems in emotion experience and emotion regulation, and a growing number of studies indicate that deficits in visual mental imagery use and ability in particular may contribute to such problems. Using correlational data from multiple self-report measures of normal and pathological personality functioning and visual mental imagery, our study presents preliminary evidence for lower levels of self-reported visual mental imagery use, abilities, or both among noncriminal individuals with higher levels of self-reported psychopathy and individuals with greater emotional regulation difficulties, a core feature of borderline personality disorder. We also found significant relationships among self-reported visual mental imagery use, ability, or both, and personality variables shown to strongly predict psychopathy and emotional regulation difficulties. Limitations of the study, especially its reliance on a correlational, cross-sectional design, are discussed, and implications for future research are explored.

Shame Feeling in the Parents of Children with Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S264-S264
Author(s):  
E. Albani ◽  
E. Kotrotsiou ◽  
M. Gouva ◽  
A. Bargiota ◽  
G. Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Childhood Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Screening For Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Demographic

IntroductionChronic diseases such as childhood diabetes mellitus constitute a challenge for both the affected children and their families. Childhood diabetes mellitus is characterized by complex therapeutic management and has a profound physical and psychological impact on the whole family and a number of losses for the parents.Aim and objectivesTo recognize and quantify the factors affecting shame feelings for parents of children with diabetes mellitus.MethodA cross-sectional design was performed. A sample of 316 parents (110 men–206 women, mean age 40.6 years, SD = 6.0 ranged 17–57) participated to the present study. The questionnaire included: (a) social-demographic characteristics, (b) The Other As Shamer Scale (OAS), (c) The Experience of Shame Scale (ESS). SPSS for Windows 20.0 was used for the statistical analysis.ResultsAge and the place of residence of the parents, the duration and the severity of disease were identified as significant multivariate factors on internal and external shame.ConclusionFeeling of shame consist a significant psychological burden of the parents with children suffering from diabetes mellitus. Screening for psychological distress in parents of children is indicated, and preventive interventions are needed, targeted according to the increased needs as suggested in the research results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Sense of clubhouse community belonging and empowerment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Tanaka ◽  
Larry Davidson ◽  
Thomas J Craig
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Belonging

Background: While the neighborhood community literature well documents a link between participation in supportive and effective community groups or activities and empowerment, there is as yet little empirical evidence of this relationship in the context of community mental health programs. Aim: The primary purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between sense of community belonging and empowerment among members of mental health clubhouses. Methods: A secondary analysis using a hierarchical regression model was conducted on cross-sectional structured interview data collected through a self-report questionnaire from 102 clubhouse members from six clubhouses in the United States and Finland. Results: The results indicated that members’ sense of clubhouse community belonging positively contributes to their empowerment. Conclusion: Fostering sense of community belonging appears to be a valid approach to catalyze empowerment. Study limitations and future research agendas were discussed.

Nonmental Healthcare Professionals’ Attitudes Toward Mental Health Services in Asir Region, KSA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alsubaie SS ◽  
◽  
Al-Hufayyan RS ◽  
Mohammed MS ◽  
Alsufyani AH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asir Region

Objectives: Most patients who visit other clinics are surprised when they referred to psychiatric clinics, which may be related to the social stigma of mental illness or nonmental health professionals’ (NMHPs) negative attitude toward psychiatric illness. The study aimed to assess attitudes toward mental health services among NMHPs in Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and to correlate the results with different variables. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among NMHPs (n=358) in Asir region of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia by using an electronic questionnaire through WhatsApp application. Results: Young age, female gender, single marital status, did not ever had known or shared in giving care to a mentally ill person, work experience less than 10 years, nursing specialty, and holding diploma degree represented the significant statistical correlation with negative attitudes toward mental health services scale (p-value = <0.001; 0.01; 0.003; 0.02; <0.001; 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrates positive attitude toward mental health services among NMHPs. There is need for better educational measures and more training courses at the undergraduate level of NMHPs in order to improve such attitude. Future research could investigate the outcomes of these measures and courses.

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