scholarly journals Complementary Feeding Methods—A Review of the Benefits and Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7165
Author(s):  
Nikki Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Satiety Responsiveness ◽  
Food Fussiness

Complementary feeding methods have the potential to not only ensure a diet of nutritional adequacy but also promote optimal food-related behaviours and skills. While the complementary feeding practice known as baby-led weaning (BLW) has gained popularity, evidence supporting the potential benefits and/or risks for infant growth, development, and health warrants consideration. A review of 29 studies was conducted with findings indicating that parents who implement BLW typically have higher levels of education, breastfeed for longer, and differ in other personality traits. Fear of choking was an important factor in parents’ decision not to implement BLW; however, this fear was not supported by the literature. Benefits of BLW included lower food fussiness, higher food enjoyment, lower food responsiveness, and higher satiety responsiveness. While this profile of eating behaviours confers a reduced obesity risk, few studies have examined the relationship between BLW and infant growth robustly. BLW does not seem to increase the risk of inadequate zinc or iron intake; however, emphasis needs to be given to ensuring adequate intake of these micronutrients among all infants. A better understanding of the impacts of BLW is needed to inform evidence-based recommendations to support and guide parents in complementary feeding methods.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Child Eating Behaviour with Body Mass Index among Toddlers Aged Two to Four Years Old

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5401-5406
Author(s):  
Nor Eyzawiah Hassan ◽  
Asmat Mat Arepen ◽  
Faizul Helmi Addnan ◽  
Nur Fariha Mohd Manzor ◽  
Nizam Baharom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Child Eating ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Satiety Responsiveness ◽  
Food Fussiness

Children eating behaviour was hypothesised as one of the factors associated with growth development as well as malnutrition among toddlers. This study aimed to explore the relationship between child eating behaviour among toddlers aged two to four years old and their respective Body Mass Index (BMI) or BMI for Age Z (BAZ). A cross-sectional study was conducted among parents and caregivers with toddlers between two to four years old, in the Klang Valley. The validated Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to measure their child eating habit and behaviours. A total of 96 parents or caregivers of toddlers participated. Girls had lower BAZ than boys (-1.20 vs -0.15, p=0.030), and significantly higher satiety responsiveness and food fussiness scores (3.14 vs 2.80, p=0.005 and 2.83 vs 2.44, p=0.005 respectively). Emotional overeating had opposite effects on BMI and BAZ between genders. In this study, girls aged two to four year old had lower BMI and BAZ than boys; and demonstrated higher food avoidance behaviour. Emotional overeating is associated with opposite effects on BMI and BAZ between boys and girls. Among all toddlers, satiety responsiveness and food fussiness were associated with lower BAZ.

Is there an association between milk type and complementary feeding behaviours? A questionnaire survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Miranda Spooner
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Health Visitors ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Feeding Process ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Feeding Behaviours

When babies are introduced to solid food before the age of 6 months there is some evidence to suggest an association with being overweight, particularly in babies who are formula fed. However, the most recent Infant Feeding Survey, carried out in 2010, found that 30% of mothers had started the complementary feeding process by 4 months and that these parents were more likely to introduce their baby to processed baby foods. The aim of this study was to better understand the relationship between milk type in the first 6 months and complementary feeding methods. By identifying characteristics associated with low compliance, it is hoped that the results of this study will enable health visitors to target their advice, providing additional support to those who are most likely to need it, with the aim of improving compliance with current recommendations for starting solid food.

scholarly journals Breast-feeding mothers can exercise: results of a cohort study

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dada Su ◽  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Colin Binns ◽  
Jane Scott ◽  
Wendy Oddy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectivesTo study the relationship between exercise by the mother and breast-feeding initiation and duration, and its effect on infant growth.DesignA cohort study of mothers and infants, recruited at birth. Infant feeding methods were recorded in detail and breast-feeding was categorised as ‘any’ or ‘full’. Exercise levels were categorised using the metabolic equivalent tasks approach based on details of physical activity recorded in questionnaires.SettingPerth, Western Australia.SubjectsA total of 587 mothers were interviewed on seven occasions over a period of 12 months.ResultsThere was no difference in the means of infant weight and length changes, indicating that exercise appeared to have no significant influence on infant growth up to 52 weeks after birth (P = 0.236 and 0.974, respectively). The mother's level of exercise was not significantly associated with breast-feeding to 6 or 12 months. This applied to ‘full’ and ‘any’ categories of breast-feeding.ConclusionExercise does not affect breast-feeding outcomes at the usual levels of activity undertaken by mothers. Breast-feeding and exercise are important for maintaining and promoting health, and this study provides reassurance to health professionals wishing to encourage mothers to continue both behaviours.

scholarly journals Food Parenting Practices and Children's Eating Behaviors: Comparing Mothers and Fathers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1354-1354
Author(s):  
Claire Tugault-Lafleur ◽  
Olivia De-Jongh González ◽  
Teresia O'Connor ◽  
Louise Masse
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Satiety Responsiveness ◽  
Food Fussiness

Abstract Objectives Food parenting practices (FPPs) can influence children's eating behaviors, but published research has mainly focused on mothers. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between maternal and paternal FPPs and children's eating behaviors. Methods A Canadian sample of 565 parents (53% fathers) of 5–12 year old children completed a food parenting practices item bank and the Children's Eating Behaviors Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between FPPs and children's eating behaviors (food fussiness, emotional overeating, food and satiety responsiveness). Models were run separately for mothers and fathers. Results Both paternal and maternal use of permissive practices were associated with greater food fussiness (fathers β = 0.33, P = 0.004; mothers β = 0.24, P = 0.002), while providing more vegetable opportunities was associated with lower food fussiness (fathers β = −0.20, P = 0.008; mothers β = −0.28, P = 0.003). Both fathers’ and mothers’ use of restriction for weight practices were associated with more emotional overeating (fathers β = 0.35; mothers β = 0.50, both P < 0.001) and food responsiveness (fathers β = 0.19, P = 0.008; mothers β = 0.40, P < 0.001). Paternal use of coercive control (β = 0.31, P = 0.001) and maternal use of permissive practices (β = 0.25, P < 0.001) were associated with higher emotional overeating among children. Paternal use of permissive practices (β = 0.25, P < 0.01) and a covert control of the food environment (β = 0.20, P < 0.01) were associated with greater food responsiveness. Mothers’ use of nondirective support was associated with higher satiety responsiveness (β = 0.26, P = 0.001) whereas fathers’ use of restriction for weight (β = 0.21 P < 0.006) and permissive practices (β = 0.26, P = 0.001) were associated with higher satiety responsiveness. Conclusions FPPs predictive of emotional overeating and food fussiness are generally similar for mothers and fathers. However, fathers differ from mothers in some FPPs associated with food and satiety responsiveness. Future research should explore the bidirectional effects of mothers’ and fathers’ FPPs and children's eating behaviours. Funding Sources Canadian Institutes of Health research, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center.

Dietary Adequacy of the Rotary Diversified Diet: As a Treatment for “Environmental Illness”

2002 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer P. Taylor ◽  
Magdalena M. Krondl ◽  
Mark Spidel ◽  
Adele C. Csima
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Environmental Illness ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Regular Cycle ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

The rotary diversified diet, used in the management of environmental illness, consists of eliminating prohibited foods from the diet and rotating remaining non-prohibited foods and their “food families” within a regular cycle. We assessed the adequacy of nutrient intakes in 22 women prescribed the diet, described the nature of supplement use, and assessed the relationship between adherence and nutrient intake levels. Except for calcium and folacin intakes, mean nutrient intakes met or exceeded recommended levels. No subjects had calcium intakes above the adequate intake for calcium; 72.7% had folate intakes below the estimated average requirement. Intakes of other nutrients, except thiamin and magnesium, were below the estimated average requirement in less than 25% of the sample; 31.8% and 45.5% of subjects, respectively, had thiamin and magnesium intakes at this level. Those who adhered more closely to the rotary diversified diet had higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin B6, folate, and fibre than did those who followed the diet less closely. Supplements conferred some nutritional benefits; however, supplemental niacin and magnesium intakes exceeded tolerable upper intake levels. Those prescribed the rotary diversified diet require nutrition counselling from dietitians to cope with the complexity and restrictiveness of the diet.

TO STUDY THE DYNAMICS OF IMMUNITY IN BLACK-AND-WHITE COWS DEPENDING ON AGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
М.В. ДОВЫДЕНКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Проведена статистическая обработка сформированной базы данных показателей неспецифической резистентности MS «Excel» с целью изучения динамики иммунитета по параметрам бактерицидной, лизоцимной и фагоцитарной активности у крупного рогатого скота черно-пестрой породы разных возрастов. Было установлено, что средние значения показателей лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности у телят в 6 мес были ниже (47,89% и 49,09%, соответственно), чем у животных в 3—4 года (53,75% и 52,81%). Выведено уравнение регрессии, описывающее взаимосвязь между средними показателями фагоцитарной активности и возрастом при высокой степени достоверности (R2=0,90). Изменения лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности в зависимости от возраста были недостоверными (R2=0,58 и R2=0,49, соответственно). Установлена высокая корреляция между бактерицидной и лизоцимной активностью. Отмечена динамика изменения неспецифического иммунитета у коров различных возрастных групп. Создание баз данных и постоянный мониторинг основных показателей естественной резистентности в зависимости от различных факторов (породы, возраста, стадий лактации, кормления, способов содержания), которые влияют на данные показатели, необходимо для оценки физиологического состояния организма животных и их устойчивости к болезням. Statistical processing of the generated MS "Excel" on indicators of non-specific resistance database was carried out with the aim of studying the dynamics of the development of immunity in terms of bactericidal, lysozyme and phagocytic activity in black-and-white cattle of different ages. It was found that the average values of indicators of lysozyme and bactericidal activity in calves at 6 months were lower (47.89% and 49.09%, respectively) than in animals at the age of 3—4 years (53.75% and 52.81%). The equation of regression was derived, it describes the relationship between the average indicators of phagocytic activity and the age with a high degree of reliability (R2=0.90). The changes in lysozyme and bactericidal activity depending on age were dubious (R2=0.58 and R2=0.49, respectively). The high correlation between bactericidal and lysozyme activity was established. It was noticed that the cows of different age groups experienced the dynamics of changes in nonspecific immunity. The creation of databases and constant monitoring of the main indicators of natural resistance, depending on various factors (breed, age, stages of lactation, feeding, methods of keeping) that affect these indicators, is necessary for assessing the physiological state of the animals’ body of and their resistance to diseases.

Binge Eating and Addictive-Like Behaviours in Males and Females

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412097175
Author(s):  
Johanna Levallius ◽  
Elin Monell ◽  
Andreas Birgegård ◽  
David Clinton ◽  
Emma Forsén Mantilla
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Compulsive Exercise ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Common Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Binge eating is a common behaviour that is strongly linked to both obesity and eating disorder. There is evidence that binge eating commonly co-occurs with other problematic and addictive-like behaviours; however, this has not been explored systematically. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between binge eating, body weight, disordered eating behaviours and associated addictive-like behaviours, with particular attention paid to gender differences. Method A community sample ( N = 500; 75% female, Mage = 32.5 years) reported disordered eating behaviours (i.e. binge eating, purging, restriction of eating, compulsive exercise), body mass index (BMI), food addiction, starvation addiction, exercise dependence, tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Results 42% of females and 21% of males reported binge eating during the past four weeks. Binge eating was significantly associated with all investigated behaviours in females, and with purging, compulsive exercise and overweight/obesity in males. Controlling for BMI, self-starvation predicted binge eating in males (OR = 1.07), while food addiction (OR = 1.73) and alcohol dependence (OR = 1.11) predicted binge eating in females. Conclusions The multiple associations between binge eating and addictive-like behaviors supports broad screening and generalized prevention efforts. Prevention efforts should reflect gender differences.

scholarly journals The Effect of State Gratitude on Cognitive Flexibility: A Within-Subject Experimental Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Andree Hartanto ◽  
Nadia C. H. Ong ◽  
Wee Qin Ng ◽  
Nadyanna M. Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

Considerable research has examined the relationship between positive emotion and cognitive flexibility. Less is known, however, about the causal relationship between discrete positive emotions, specifically gratitude, and cognitive flexibility. Given that different positive emotions may dissimilarly affect cognitive functioning, we sought to examine the effect of state gratitude on cognitive flexibility. A pilot study with ninety-five participants was employed to ensure the effectiveness of our gratitude manipulation. One hundred and thirteen participants were recruited for the main study, which utilized a within-subject experimental approach. After the manipulation, participants completed a well-established task-switching paradigm, which was used to measure cognitive flexibility. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find any evidence that state gratitude may enhance cognitive flexibility. The current study identified some boundary conditions around the potential benefits of the experience of gratitude.

The role of rash-impulsivity, emotional dysregulation and reward drive in comorbid disordered eating and substance use disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Merinuk ◽  
Stephanie C. Varcoe ◽  
Peter J. Kelly ◽  
Laura D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Substance use disorder (SUD) frequently co-occurs with other psychological conditions, such as eating disorders (EDs). Psychological factors such as emotional dysregulation, rash impulsivity (RI) and reward sensitivity (RS) play a role in the etiology of each disorder, yet little is known about the combined effects of these on comorbid SUDs and EDs or disordered eating behaviours (DEBs). This study aims to examine the role of these psychological factors in comorbid DEBs and SUDs among individuals in treatment for SUDs. The role of gender is tested as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional self-report survey was completed by 131 participants attending Australian residential substance use treatment centres. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of emotional dysregulation, RI and RS on comorbid DEB and SUD. Further, moderation analyses were used to examine the moderating effect for gender on the relationship between these three personality variables and comorbidity. Findings The most commonly reported primary substance of use was alcohol (43.5%), followed by amphetamines (38.6%). Findings showed that emotional dysregulation and RI were significantly related to an increase in comorbidity likelihood; however, RS was not. Gender moderated the relationship between comorbidity and RI only. Originality/value The significant positive relationship found between RI and comorbidity for females only was a novel finding for the current study. Further research is needed to develop an understanding of the etiology of comorbidity.

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