Influence of Residence Area and Basic Livelihood Conditions on the Prevalence and Diagnosis Experience of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women Aged over 50 Years: Evaluation Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Patients with osteoporosis are asymptomatic and are at risk for fractures. Therefore, early detection and interventions are important. We found that a population with a low socioeconomic status living in rural areas was reported to have a high osteoporosis prevalence but a relatively low diagnosis rate. Research on the disparity of osteoporosis prevalence and treatment from the socioeconomic perspective was conducted. This study aimed to investigate the influence of residence area and basic livelihood conditions on osteoporosis prevalence and diagnosis in postmenopausal women aged over 50 years. The cross-sectional data of 1477 postmenopausal women aged over 50 years obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-2 were analyzed. Univariate analyses were performed to calculate the prevalence and diagnosis rate according to risk factor categories. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influence of residence area and basic livelihood conditions after controlling for other factors. The osteoporosis prevalence in basic livelihood beneficiaries (53.7%) and rural area residents (41.9%) was higher than that in non-beneficiaries (33.1%) and urban area residents (31.8%). There was no significant difference in the diagnosis rates in relation to the basic livelihood conditions or residence areas. The adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence among the beneficiaries living in rural areas was 2.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–4.10). However, the odds ratio for diagnosis was not significantly different. Earlier screening examination policies for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with a low socioeconomic status living in rural areas are needed.

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Socioeconomic Disparities in Foods/Beverages and Nutrients Consumed by U.S. Adolescents When Snacking: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2530

Author(s):

Navika Gangrade ◽

Janet Figueroa ◽

Tashara M. Leak

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Income ◽

High Income ◽

Future Research ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Middle Income ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Income Ratio

Snacking contributes a significant portion of adolescents’ daily energy intake and is associated with poor overall diet and increased body mass index. Adolescents from low socioeconomic status (SES) households have poorer snacking behaviors than their higher-SES counterparts. However, it is unclear if the types of food/beverages and nutrients consumed during snacking differ by SES among adolescents. Therefore, this study examines SES disparities in the aforementioned snacking characteristics by analyzing the data of 7132 adolescents (12–19 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018. Results reveal that adolescents from low-income households (poverty-to-income ratio (PIR) ≤ 1.3) have lower odds of consuming the food/beverage categories “Milk and Dairy” (aOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.95; p = 0.007) and “Fruits” (aOR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50–0.78; p = 0.001) as snacks and higher odds of consuming “Beverages” (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.19-1.76; p = 0.001) compared to those from high-income households (PIR > 3.5). Additionally, adolescents from low- and middle-income (PIR > 1.3–3.5) households consume more added sugar (7.98 and 7.78 g vs. 6.66 g; p = 0.012, p = 0.026) and less fiber (0.78 and 0.77 g vs. 0.84 g; p = 0.044, p = 0.019) from snacks compared to their high-income counterparts. Future research is necessary to understand factors that influence snacking among adolescents, and interventions are needed, especially for adolescents from low-SES communities.

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Demographic Profile Associated With Malnutrition

Pakistan BioMedical Journal ◽

10.52229/pbmj.v3i2.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Adnan Khalil ◽

Shahid Bashir ◽

Morad Yaser Al Mostafa

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Health Problem ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Questionnaire Data ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Demographic Profile ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

One Year

Worldwide, malnutrition is the severe most health problem leading to the highest rate of disease andmortality among children less than 5 years of age. Objective: To find out the association betweenmalnutrition and demographic profile. Methods: 350 malnourished children were chosen by nonprobabilityconvenient sampling technique from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Children wereassessed through pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results: 45%malnourished children were 1-3 years of age, majority of the children were females (52%), 89% childrenwere from rural areas, 82.6% children were from low socioeconomic status, 54.6% mothers wereuneducated, 50% malnourished children were not having their own house, 115 malnourished childrenwere having 3 or more siblings and 89 mothers were having less than one year of pregnancy gap.Conclusions: Low socioeconomic status, illiteracy of mothers, rural area, gap between pregnancy andfemale gender has been found to be linked with malnutrition in children below 5 years of age.

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Nutritional anaemia in children in post supplementation era: A cross sectional study

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i6.35036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

Rajesh Kumar ◽

Manoj Kumar Singh ◽

Vineet Kumar Singh ◽

Pankaj Kumar ◽

Sheo Pratap Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Female Children ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

Folate And Vitamin B12

Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritional programmes in developing countries. Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to asses Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra in collaboration with Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. Admitted children of age 6 months to 14 years having signs and symptoms of anaemia were included in the study. Sample size calculated was 157. All the cases were subjected to CBC, GBP, serum iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 level estimation. Results: Out of 672 children, 157 children with clinical feature of anaemia were enrolled in the study. Among these 157 children, 52.87% were male. Percent proportion of anaemia was highest among toddlers (27.39%) and lowest in adolescent (10.83%). The maximum cases were of urban area (65.6%) and middle socioeconomic status (47.13%). Most of the children were undernourished/underweight (60.4%). Mean iron level was significantly low in female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight. Mixed iron, folate and B12 deficiency was found in 48.41%, 30.57% and 22.93% cases respectively. In 24.20% cases no deficiencies were found and were classified as anaemia due to some unspecified causes. Conclusion: Nutritional deficiency anaemia is contributing to a large proportion of anaemic patients. More intensified programmes are needed especially for female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight.

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DEMOGRAPHICS AND MAJOR INDICATIONS FOR THE WARFARIN USE, THE COMPLIANCE RATE AND THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING IN NON-ADHERENCE AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARDIAC CENTER OF PAKISTAN

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v70isuppl-4.6049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (Suppl-4) ◽

pp. S887-91

Author(s):

Muhammad Talha Bin Nazir ◽

Muhammad Mujtaba Ali Siddiqui ◽

Hamid Sharif Khan ◽

Mohsin Saif ◽

Shabana Kousar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Valve Replacement ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Warfarin Therapy ◽

Compliance Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

The Impact ◽

Cardiac Center

Objective: To assess the impact of a dedicated hospital based warfarin clinic assessing patients’ knowledge and improving the drug compliance in a tertiary cardiac center of Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology from Jan 2019 to Jul 2019. Methodology: Patients presenting in the anticoagulation clinic using warfarin for different cardiovascular indications from Jan to Jul 2019 were included in the study. Patients were assessed for their underlying cardiovascular condition, their international normalized ratio levels checked using a standard technique. The patients’ knowledge about the drug and the degree of compliance was judged by eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The patients were thoroughly counseled and reassessed six months later assessing the improvement in compliance with the warfarin therapy. Results: Total number of 401 patients using warfarin for different cardiovascular diseases were studied. The mean age was 43.3 ± 13.3 years with 218 (54.5%) patients being male. Most of the patient 300 (75%) belonged to the low socio-economic group with average monthly income of <PKR 10,000/$65. In addition, 61.4% of the patients belonged to the rural set up. Mechanical valve replacement made the bulk of the indication for warfarin therapy with 44.7% of patients with mechanical mitral valve, 14% with mechanical double valve and 13% with mechanical aortic valve replacement. 13.7% of the patients on warfarin therapy had atrial fibrillation while 6.9% either had venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism. The compliance was good in 76.1% on baseline visit which increased to 86.7% on the first visit at six-month interval. Residence in rural areas and low socioeconomic status were the two factors contributing to poorer compliance which improved on the first visit. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status and residents of rural areas were resulting in comparatively poorer compliance with warfarin therapy which improved by educating such patients in specific warfarin clinic.

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Relationship between Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Risk of Anemia: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2017

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4721

Author(s):

Min-Young Chun ◽

Jeong-hoon Kim ◽

Ju-Seop Kang

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

National Health ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Family Income ◽

Reference Group ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Health And Nutrition

The importance of sleep has been gaining more and more attention nowadays. It has been widely studied that some major health issues, such as cardiovascular diseases or mortality, are closely related to the extreme ends of sleep durations. Anemia is one of the health problems in modern society. In this study, we aimed to find a relationship between anemia occurrence and sleep duration. Data of 11,131 Korean adults aged 19 years or older were recruited from the 2016–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed in this cross-sectional study. ‘Anemia’ was defined in this study by hemoglobin level of <13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in women. Selected data were sorted into five groups by sleep duration: <5 h, 5 h ~ <6 h, 6 h ~ <8 h, 8 h ~ <9 h, and ≥9 h per day. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between sleep duration and risk of anemia after adjusting for covariates including age, gender, family income level, education level, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol usage. Other factors were assessed in the analysis, such as depression, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, coronary artery disease, malignancy, stress level, and body mass index (BMI). We found that sleep duration of <5 h was related to high risk of anemia (odds ratio = 1.87; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–3.49, sleep duration of 6 h ~ <8 h as the reference group). Also, sleep duration of ≥9 h was related to lower risk of anemia in most premenopausal women after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio = 0.61; 95% confidence interval = 0.38–0.96, sleep duration of 6 h ~ < 8 h as the reference group). Male individuals with sleep durations of <5 h (odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval =1.05–3.84) and of ≥9 h (odds ratio = 2.48; 95% confidence interval =1.63–3.81) had a significantly higher risk of anemia without covariate adjustment. Postmenopausal women with sleep durations of ≥9 h had a significantly higher risk of anemia (odds ratio =2.02; 95% confidence interval =1.33–3.08) without adjusting for covariates. However, the associations became statistically insignificant after adjusting for age and covariates in both men and postmenopausal women. In conclusion, we found significant associations between extreme ends of sleep duration and risk of anemia in premenopausal Korean women. However, we did not observe strong associations between self-reported sleep duration and anemia risk in men or postmenopausal women.

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Risk Factors for Adverse Outcome in Pregnant Women with Obstructed Labor

Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3126/njog.v13i1.21614 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

Baburam Dixit Thapa ◽

Mohan Chandra Regmi ◽

R Rai

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Perinatal Mortality ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Adverse Outcome ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Obstructed Labour

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors for adverse outcomes in pregnancy with obstructed labor.Methods: It was a prospective descriptive study conducted at BP Koirala Institute of Health sciences (BPKIHS).The patients with obstructed labour were managed and followed up until delivery and six weeks postpartum from Jan to Dec 2012.Results: There were 57 (0.6%) cases of obstructed labour out of 9500 deliveries. The main cause was cephalopelvic disproportion in 36 (63.2%). The majority of the cases were from rural areas, low socioeconomic status, non salaried and illiterate. Risk for maternal mortality, peripartum hysterectomy and perinatal mortality as adverse outcomes was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status (AOR 12.5, P=0.02) and literacy status (AOR 21.9, P=0.001). If only the risk of perinatal mortality is taken as an adverse outcome, it is significantly associated with booking status (AOR 7, P=0.001), low socioeconomic status (AOR 9.62, P=0.037) and literacy of the patient (AOR 15, P=0.001). Perinatal mortality rate was 100 per 1000 live births in women with obstructed labour. The case fatality rate was 1.2%.

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The demographic data and the high frequency of chromosome/chromatid breaks as biomarkers for genome integrity have a role in predicting the susceptibility to have Down syndrome in a cohort of Egyptian young-aged mothers

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics ◽

10.1186/s43042-019-0020-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lama M. El-Attar ◽

Noha M. Issa ◽

Hanan Salah Eldin Mahrous

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Chromosome 21 ◽

Genome Integrity ◽

Young Mothers ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Down syndrome (DS) is a common numerical chromosome disorder that has its burden on both family and community. The well-known risk factor for chromosome 21 nondisjunction is advanced maternal age which failed to explain the occurrence of Down syndrome born to mothers less than 35 years. This study aimed to assess the effect of demographic data (consanguinity, residency area, and socioeconomic state) and chromosome/chromatid breaks as biomarkers for genome integrity on the susceptibility of young mothers to have a child with Down syndrome. Results Fifty mothers with a history of at least one DS pregnancy before the age of 35 were compared to 50 control mothers. There was a significant increase in DS births in consanguineous parents (46%) compared to 20% in non-consanguineous ones (OR = 3.40; 95% CI = 1.4–8.20, P = 0.006). Young mothers with DS children were more likely to be from rural areas (60%) than urban areas (40%) (OR = 2.66; 95%, CI = 1.18–5.98, P = 0.017) and of a low socioeconomic status (62%) rather than a high socioeconomic status (38%) (OR = 3.80; 95%, CI = 1.65–8.74, P = 0.001). Chromosome/chromatid breaks were detected in 76% of DS young mothers and 32% of control mothers (P < 0.001). There was an odds ratio of chromatid breaks of 8.50 (3.411–21.17) and chromosome breaks of 3.93 (1.40–11.05) with significant difference between the studied groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.009 respectively). Conclusion In addition to advanced maternal age, consanguinity, residency in rural areas, and low socioeconomic status could be considered as possible risk factors for Down syndrome. The high frequency of chromosome/chromatid breaks in young mothers with a previous history of DS children highlights the impact of genome integrity on the tendency to chromosome 21 nondisjunction. These findings are valuable in predicting having a Down syndrome baby and providing proper genetic counseling for high-risk families.

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Association of the Risk of Osteoarthritis and Hypertension in the Korean Adult Population Aged 40–59 in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012–2016 Data

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2021/8065838 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Mikyung Ryu ◽

Ji Sun Ha ◽

Sol Lee ◽

Weon-Chil Baek ◽

Heejin Kimm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

National Health ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adult Population ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Korean Adult

Purpose. Previous studies reported the relation of osteoarthritis (OA) and hypertension (HTN) mostly in postmenopausal women. This study aimed to identify the association between OA and HTN in pre- and postmenopausal women. Methods. We used data of 4,627 middle-aged (40–59 years) women from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2012 to 2016. Chi-square and t-test compared the characteristics of the participants. Binomial logistic regression was used to identify an association between OA and HTN under controlling covariates such as age, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity. Results. There were 1,859 participants with non-OA and menopause, 104 with OA and nonmenopause, and 375 with OA and menopause, respectively. The number of women with OA and HTN was 129. OA was significantly associated with HTN diagnosis in postmenopausal women under controlling covariates (odds ratio: 1.408, 95% CI: 1.092–1.815, p = 0.008 ). However, this relationship was weakened in premenopausal women (odds ratio: 1.651, 95% CI: 0.950–2.869, p = 0.075 ). Conclusion. In conclusion, women with HTN showed a distinct association with OA than the normotensives, and this relationship was more apparent among postmenopausal women. Further research is needed for a preventive approach.

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