Resilience: A Protective Factor from Depression and Anxiety in Mexican Dialysis Patients

Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent psychological disorders in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that have a negative clinical impact. The purpose of our study was to identify factors associated with the presence of depression and anxiety, in a sample of ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis. We included 187 patients from two dialysis facilities, age 18–65 years. Beck’s depression and anxiety inventories, KDQOL36 questionnaire, the cognitive distortion scale and the Mexican scale of resilience were used. Socio-demographic and clinical information was obtained from medical records. Depression was present in 143 (76.4%) patients. Patient with depression were older (33 (26–52) years vs. 30 (24.43) years, p = 0.025), had a lower education level (36% vs. 9%, p = 0.001), used more medications (67% vs. 36%, p = 0.001), had a comorbidity (75% vs. 41%, p = 0.001), and a higher proportion were waiting for a kidney transplant. Anxiety was present in 112 (59.8%) cases. By multivariate analysis, depression was independently associated with lower education, absence of previous kidney transplant, anxiety, higher cognitive distortion, lower psychological resilience, and lower quality of life scores. In conclusion, lower psychological resilience, lower education level, and higher cognitive distortions are factors associated with depression and anxiety in ESRD patients.

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Medicine package inserts from the users’ perspective: are they read and understood?

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1980-549720190009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽

Cassia Garcia Moraes ◽

Paulo Sérgio Dourado Arrais ◽

Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽

Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

Education Level ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Package Inserts ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Written Information ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Lower Education

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The written information on medicines has been acknowledged as an important tool for health education. Objective: To analyze the use and understanding of medicine package inserts by users and assess sociodemographic and medical factors associated with their comprehension. Method: Data in this analysis are part of the PNAUM National Survey - a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in Brazil. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson χ2 tests were performed to compare proportions between sociodemographic and medical characteristics, as well as use and understanding of medicine package inserts. Results: A total of 28.427 individuals responded to questions related to medicine package inserts. From these, 59.6% (95%CI 57.7 - 61.5) said they usually read the inserts, and 98.4% (95%CI 98.0 - 98.8) considered them necessary. Among people who read the medicine package inserts, more than half indicated difficulties with legibility (57.4%; 95%CI 55,2 - 59,6) and readability (54.1%; 95%CI 52.1 - 56.1). People from a lower education level reported greater difficulty in understanding them. Conclusion: The larger portion of the population usually read medicine package inserts. Nevertheless, people have difficulty in reading and understanding them.

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PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY MARRIAGE IN CHIPULUKUSU TOWNSHIP OF NDOLA, ZAMBIA:cross sectional study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16869 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Satiel Banda

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Education Level ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Child Marriage ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Lower Education

BACKGROUND In the statistics taken from media brief on ending child marriage in Zambia, (2014) states, “Zambia is the third highest country with cases of child marriages in the SADC region and 19th in the world. In Zambia, about 42 per cent of women aged 20-24 years are married by the age of 18 – a rate that has not evolved since 2002. The rates of child marriages vary from province to province, and are as high as 60 per cent in the Eastern Province. (www.girlsnotbrides.org.) accessed on 20th November 2014. At 13.42) The ZDHS [Zambia Demographic Health Survey] indicates that among married girls aged 15-19 in Zambia, 68 percent have already given birth. In addition, most of the births occurring to girls before age 18 are first births (85 percent), and a majority of these first births occur within marriage. A Central Statistical Office (CSO) report of 2010 carried out by Plan Zambia indicates that “only a few adolescent girls and boys complete upper primary education while the enrolment ratio in secondary education is 13.4% for males and 12.9% for females.” The report concludes that child marriage is the critical driver for this state of affairs. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with child marriage in Chipulukusu township of Ndola. Zambia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chipulukusu Township within the location of Ndola. A pretest questionnaire was used to collect information on child marriage prevalence and factors towards the practice of child marriage and other relevant socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS the prevalence of early marriage in Chipulukusu township of Ndola district, Zambia was 20.7 % with it being significantly associated with lower social economic status (poverty), lower education level, orphanhood and teen pregnancies CONCLUSIONS the prevalence of early marriage in this study was high. Its prevalence was significantly associated with people of poor backgrounds (poverty), teen pregnancies, lower education level, and orphan hood.

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Treatment adherence and persistence in adult ADHD: Results from a twenty-four week controlled clinical trial with extended release methylphenidate

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.08.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 324-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

E. Sobanski ◽

W. Retz ◽

R. Fischer ◽

C. Ose ◽

B. Alm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Education Level ◽

Treatment Discontinuation ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Titration Phase ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Lower Education ◽

Medication Efficacy

AbstractPurpose:The aim of this analysis is to describe medication adherence, and treatment persistence, in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated for 24 weeks with extended release methylphenidate (MPH-ER). Additionally, patient-, disorder- and treatment-related factors associated with adherence and persistence will be identified.Method:Post-hoc analysis of the active treatment group of a placebo-controlled, randomised, 24 week trial with MPH-ER with univariate description and multiple logistic regression models and Hosmer and Lemeshow tests.Results:In the sample of 241 adults with ADHD (mean age of 35.2 ± 10.1 years), 9.4% of the patients were non-adherent, taking less than 80% of the dispensed medication. Factors associated with non-adherence included age < 25 years, education level lower than secondary education, lacking family history of ADHD, lower ADHD baseline severity and lower self- and observer-rated medication efficacy. Lacking family history of ADHD, lower education level and lower self-rated medication efficacy, predicted non-adherence with a prediction accuracy of 16%. Seventeen percent of the patients discontinued early with most discontinuing within the first five weeks of the MPH-ER titration phase. Mean persistence in the discontinuing group was 63.4 ± 49.4 days. Factors associated with discontinuation included male gender, lower education level, lacking family history of ADHD and lower self- and observer-rated medication efficacy. Treatment non-response, male gender and lower education level predicted treatment discontinuation with a prediction accuracy of 22.7%.Conclusion:Male adults without relatives with ADHD, with lower educational level and lower self- and observer-rated medication efficacy, who are newly treated with MPH-ER, are at increased risk of non-adherence and treatment discontinuation. Patients are at increased risk of treatment discontinuation during the medication titration phase.

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Lower Education Level is a Major Risk Factor for Peritonitis Incidence in Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study with 12-Year Follow-Up

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.3747/pdi.2012.00065 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 552-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yahn-Bor Chern ◽

Pei-Shan Ho ◽

Li-Chueh Kuo ◽

Jin-Bor Chen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Education Level ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Lower Education

BackgroundPeritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis remains an important complication in PD patients, potentially causing technique failure and influencing patient outcome. To date, no comprehensive study in the Taiwanese PD population has used a time-dependent statistical method to analyze the factors associated with PD-related peritonitis.MethodsOur single-center retrospective cohort study, conducted in southern Taiwan between February 1999 and July 2010, used time-dependent statistical methods to analyze the factors associated with PD-related peritonitis.ResultsThe study recruited 404 PD patients for analysis, 150 of whom experienced at least 1 episode of peritonitis during the follow-up period. The incidence rate of peritonitis was highest during the first 6 months after PD start. A comparison of patients in the two groups (peritonitis vs null-peritonitis) by univariate analysis showed that the peritonitis group included fewer men (p = 0.048) and more patients of older age (≥65 years, p = 0.049). In addition, patients who had never received compulsory education showed a statistically higher incidence of PD-related peritonitis in the univariate analysis (p = 0.04). A proportional hazards model identified education level (less than elementary school vs any higher education level) as having an independent association with PD-related peritonitis [hazard ratio (HR): 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 to 2.06; p = 0.045). Comorbidities measured using the Charlson comorbidity index (score >2 vs ≤2) showed borderline statistical significance (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.13; p = 0.053).ConclusionsA lower education level is a major risk factor for PD-related peritonitis independent of age, sex, hypoalbuminemia, and comorbidities. Our study emphasizes that a comprehensive PD education program is crucial for PD patients with a lower education level.

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Prevalence and Related Factors of Insomnia Among Chinese Medical Staff in the Middle and Late Stage of COVID-19

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.602315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Dianying Liu ◽

Shaohua Liu ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Dongbin Li ◽

Donghua Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Staff ◽

Working Hours ◽

Education Level ◽

Health Staff ◽

Psychological Resilience ◽

Related Factors ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Younger Age ◽

Lower Education ◽

Somatic Diseases

Background: The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has brought serious psychological pressure to people, especially medical health staff. At present, there are few studies on insomnia and related factors of medical health staff in the middle and late stage of the epidemic of COVID-19. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of insomnia and its related risk factors among medical workers in China in the middle and later stage of COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the relationship between insomnia and psychological resilience.Methods: From February 14 to March 29, 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 606 medical staff in China through Ranxing Technology's “SurveyStar” network platform. All subjects were assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and simplified Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC-10).Results: In the middle and later stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, the incidence of insomnia among medical staff was 32.0%. Compared with non-insomnia group, the insomnia group had younger age, lower education level, longer daily working hours and less psychological resilience. In addition, the prevalence of insomnia was higher in medical staff with a history of somatic diseases. The severity of insomnia of Chinese medical staff was associated with age, education level, daily working hours, psychological resilience and somatic diseases.Conclusions: Our study shows that nearly 1/3 of Chinese medical workers suffer from insomnia nearly a month after the COVID-19 outbreak. Compared with the general population, medical staff who are working with COVID are more prone to insomnia. Risk factors for insomnia include younger age, lower education level, longer working hours per day, and physical illness. The tenacious dimension of psychological resilience is a protective factor for insomnia.

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Factors Associated with Health Checkups and Cancer Screening Participation Among Family Caregivers of Individuals with Dementia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-53533/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bomgyeol Kim ◽

Yejin Lee ◽

Jin-Won Noh ◽

Tae Hyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Cancer Screening ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Education Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Screening Participation ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Lower Education ◽

Cancer Screening Participation

Abstract Background: Providing care for dementia can negatively influence the physical health and health behaviors of family caregivers. A better understanding of the factors associated with health checkups and cancer screening is vital to better develop effective interventions. Thus, this study aimed to identify factors associated with participation in health checkups and cancer screening among family caregivers of individuals with dementia. Methods: This study analyzed a total of 2,414 family caregivers of individuals with dementia, using the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) data in 2017. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify demographic, socioeconomic, and health status factors associated with health checkups and cancer screening participation among family caregivers of individuals with dementia. Results: The health checkups and cancer screening rates among family caregivers of individuals with dementia patients were 68.7% and 61.4%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those who do not provide care. Those with lower education level had lower odds ratios for both health checkups(OR: 0.60) and cancer screening(OR: 0.59). In addition, symptoms of depression were associated with lower participation(Health checkups OR: 0.67; Cancer screening OR: 0.65). Conclusions: It is needed to develop more targeted disease prevention and management strategies for family caregivers of individuals with dementia, particularly those with lower education level and symptoms of depression.

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Repeat Induced Abortion among Chinese Women Seeking Abortion: Two Cross Sectional Studies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4446

Author(s):

Longmei Tang ◽

Shangchun Wu ◽

Dianwu Liu ◽

Marleen Temmerman ◽

Wei-Hong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Negative Binomial ◽

Induced Abortion ◽

Education Level ◽

Married Women ◽

Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Induced Abortions ◽

Lower Education

Background: In China, there were about 9.76 million induced abortions in 2019, 50% of which were repeat abortions. Understanding the tendency of repeat induced abortion and identifying its related factors is needed to develop prevention strategies. Methods: Two hospital-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2005–2007 and 2013–2016 in 24 and 90 hospitals, respectively. The survey included women who sought an induced abortion within 12 weeks of pregnancy. The proportion of repeat induced abortions by adjusting the covariates through propensity score matching was compared between the two surveys, and the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was established to identify independent factors of repeat induced abortion. Results: Adjusting the age, occupation, education, marital status and number of children, the proportion of repeat induced abortions in the second survey was found to be low (60.28% vs. 11.11%), however the unadjusted proportion was high in the second survey (44.97% vs. 51.54%). The risk of repeat induced abortion was higher among married women and women with children [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.31 (0.20, 0.49) and 0.08 (0.05, 0.13)]; the risk among service industry staff was higher when compared with unemployed women [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.19 (0.07, 0.54)]; women with a lower education level were at a higher risk of a repeat induced abortion (ORadj < 1). Compared with women under the age of 20, women in other higher age groups had a higher frequency of repeat induced abortions (IRadj: 1.78, 2.55, 3.27, 4.01, and 3.93, separately); the frequency of women with lower education levels was higher than those with a university or higher education level (IRadj > 1); the repeat induced abortion frequency of married women was 0.93 (0.90, 0.98) when compared to the frequency of unmarried women, while the frequency of women with children was 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) of childless women; the induced abortion frequency of working women was about 60–95% with that of unemployed women. Conclusions: The repeat induced abortion proportion was lower than 10 years ago. Induced abortion seekers who were married, aged 20 to 30 years and with a lower education level were more likely to repeat induced abortions.

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Cardio-metabolic and socio-demographic risk factors associated with dependency in basic and instrumental activities of daily living among older Iranian adults: Bushehr elderly health program

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02124-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kazem Khalagi ◽

Akram Ansarifar ◽

Noushin Fahimfar ◽

Mahnaz Sanjari ◽

Safoora Gharibzdeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Education Level ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

History Of ◽

Elderly Health ◽

Lower Education ◽

Demographic Risk ◽

Demographic Risk Factors

Abstract Background Iran’s population is aging. Disability is a major public health problem for older adults, not only in Iran but all over the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cardio-metabolic and socio-demographic risk factors and disability in people 60 years and older in Iran. Methods The baseline (cross-sectional) data of 2426 samples from the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program was included in the analysis. The participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling in Bushehr, southern Iran. Socio-demographic characteristics, as well as the history of diabetes and other chronic diseases, and smoking were measured using standardized questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were performed under standard conditions. Dependency was determined by the questionnaires of basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) using Barthel and Lawton scales respectively. Multiple logistic regression was used in the analysis. Results Mean (Standard Deviation) of the participants’ age was 69.3 (6.4) years (range: 60 and 96 years), and 48.1% of the participants were men. After adjusting for potential confounders, being older, being female (OR (95%CI): 2.3 (1.9–2.9)), having a lower education level, a history of diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.4 (1.2–1.7)) and past smoking (OR: 1.3 (1.0–1.6)), and no physical activity (OR: 1.5 (1.2–1.9)) were significantly associated with dependency in IADL. Also, being older and female (OR: 2.4 (1.9–3.0)), having a lower education level, no physical activity (OR: 2.2 (1.6–2.9)) and daily intake of calories (OR: 0.99 (0.99–0.99)) were associated with dependency in BADL. Conclusion Dependency in older adults can be prevented by increasing community literacy, improving physical activity, preventing and controlling diabetes mellitus, avoiding smoking, and reducing daily calorie intake.

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Dietary glutamic acid and aspartic acid as biomarkers for predicting diabetic retinopathy

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83165-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

So Young Park ◽

Jieun Kim ◽

Jung Il Son ◽

Sang Youl Rhee ◽

Do-Yeon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Aspartic Acid ◽

Education Level ◽

Screening Rate ◽

Food Records ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Lower Education

AbstractThe screening rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is low despite the importance of early diagnosis. We investigated the predictive value of dietary glutamic acid and aspartic acid for diagnosis of DR using the Korea National Diabetes Program cohort study. The 2067 patients with type 2 diabetes without DR were included. The baseline intakes of energy, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were assessed using a 3-day food records. The risk of DR incidence based on intake of glutamic acid and aspartic acid was analyzed. The DR group was older, and had higher HbA1c, longer DM duration, lower education level and income than non-DR group (all p < 0.05). The intake of total energy, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were lower in DR group than non-DR group (p = 0.010, p = 0.025 and p = 0.042, respectively). There was no difference in the risk of developing DR according to the intake of glutamic acid and ascorbic acid. But, aspartic acid intake had a negative correlation with PDR. Hence, the intake of glutamic acid and aspartic acid did not affect in DR incidence. However, lower aspartic acid intake affected the PDR incidence.

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COVID-19 pandemic related long-term chronic stress on the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the general population

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03385-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tian Qi ◽

Ting Hu ◽

Qi-Qi Ge ◽

Xiao-Na Zhou ◽

Jia-Mei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

General Population ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for more than 1 year, causing far-reaching and unprecedented changes in almost all aspects of society. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety, and explore the factors associated with it. Methods A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted to assess mental health problems from February 2 to February 9, 2021 by using patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7). The insomnia severity index (ISI), demographic data and COVID-19 related variables were measured by a self-designed questionnaire. The factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified by Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results In the study that 1171 participants enrolled, the overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among general people was 22.6 and 21.4% respectively in the present study. Living alone was a potential risk factor for depressive symptoms, while regular exercises was a potential protective factor. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was significantly associated with the severity of insomnia symptoms and the negative feelings about pandemic. Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic- related chronic stress has brought about profound impacts on long-term mental health in the general population. The level of insomnia and a negative attitude towards the pandemic are significantly correlated with unfavorable mental health. However, we failed to found a significant association of age and gender with the mental health symptoms, although they were recognized as well-established risk factors during the outbreak by some other studies. This discrepancy may be because the acute and chronic effects of the pandemic are influenced by different factors, which reminds that more attention should be paid to the intrinsic psychological factors and physical reactions towards COVID-19.

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