scholarly journals Impact and Return on Investment of the Take Kare Safe Space Program—A Harm Reduction Strategy Implemented in Sydney, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12111
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Doran ◽  
Phillip Wadds ◽  
Anthony Shakeshaft ◽  
Dam Anh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
The Impact

Safe spaces are increasingly utilized to reduce alcohol-related harm, violence, crime and improve public safety in nightlife settings. This study aimed to determine the impact and return on investment of the Take Kare Safe Space (TKSS) program—a harm reduction program implemented to address alcohol-related violence and disorder in three locations in Sydney’s night-time economy between 2014 and 2019. TKSS ambassadors provided support at static safe spaces and patrolled designated nightlife precincts to provide practical assistance to vulnerable and intoxicated people. Ambassadors recorded information relating to these interactions including ‘client’ age, gender, perceived level of intoxication, time and length of engagement with the program. Costs of program implementation and benefits of major incidents averted were obtained to allow calculation of return on investment. From December 2014 to April 2019, 66,455 people were supported by TKSS ambassadors. Most users were male (62%) and aged 18–25 years (66%). Of 3633 interventions by ambassadors, serious risk of harm was averted in 735 cases (20%). The program’s return on investment is estimated at 2.67, suggesting that a $1 investment results in $2.67 in benefits. Safe Spaces are extensively utilized, particularly by young males with high levels of intoxication, and represent a positive return on investment. Despite the growth of such services, there remains a notable absence of rigorous, independent evaluation regarding the outcomes and/or social benefit of safe space programs. From a policy perspective, there is a need for more high-quality economic evaluations to better inform decisions about competing uses of limited resources.

Dampak Program CSR Binaan PT Pertamina RU II Sungai Pakning: Analisis Social Return on Investment (SROI) dan Sensitivitas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Nurhazana Nurhazana ◽  
Muhammad Luthfi iznillah ◽  
Sahat Roy Pianto
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Social Return On Investment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Calculation Analysis

The purpose of this study is to see the impact of the CSR program of PT Pertamina RU II Sei Pakning through the analysis of Social Return on Investment and sensitivity. This research is descriptive quantitative by utilizing primary and secondary data. Primary data consists of data obtained from processing observational data and secondary data obtained from various literature sources. Based on the results of the SROI calculations for the four programs, it can be concluded that the social investment made for each program is feasible because all programs have a positive SROI score (more than 1) during the program implementation plan. In accordance with the results of the SROI calculation analysis, four programs from PT Pertamina RU II Sungai Pakning have generated benefits that are greater than the program costs. However, there are still opportunities to increase and expand the scope of benefits from the four programs.

Safe Spaces: Gay-Straight Alliances in High School

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Fetner ◽  
Athena Elafros ◽  
Sandra Bortolin ◽  
Coralee Drechsler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
The People

In activists' circles as in sociology, the concept "safe space" has beenapplied to all sorts of programs, organizations, and practices. However,few studies have specified clearly what safe spaces are and how theysupport the people who occupy them. In this paper, we examine one sociallocation typically understood to be a safe space: gay-straight alliancegroups in high schools. Using qualitative interviews with young adults inthe United States and Canada who have participated in gay-straightalliances, we examine the experiences of safe spaces in these groups. Weunpack this complex concept to consider some of the dimensions along whichsafe spaces might vary. Participants identified several types of safespace, and from their observations we derive three inter-related dimensionsof safe space: social context, membership and activity.

تأثير الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر في القيمة السوقية للشركة (دراسة تطبيقية في شركة بترو جانيا الصينية في عقود التراخيص النفطية للجولة الاولى والثانية في الحقول النفطية في العراق للمدة من 2017-2010)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (66) ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
هيثم عبد النبي موسى ◽  
أ .د حيدر نعمة غالي الفريجي
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Impact

This study dealt with the effect of foreign direct investment on the market value of the company during the period of time (2010-2017). This issue was studied through a sample of oil fields in southern Iraq in which the company operates within the first and second licensing contracts rounds and according to the circumstances and variables of the investment environment as it is. Although this investment often achieves high returns, it is also characterized by a high degree of risk and for the purpose of evaluating the impact of foreign direct investment on the market value of the company's stock prices for the period (2010-2017). The statistical scale (T-TEST) was used to indicate the significance of the correlation hypotheses. Between the return on investment as the independent variable and the market value as the dependent variable, and the use of the coefficient of determination (R2) that measures the effect of the independent variable (foreign direct investment) on the dependent variable (market value) and the F-Test to demonstrate acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis of the return on investing in the market value of the oil company, and if the company achieves a high return in foreign direct investment, the market value of it will be affected positively. The study was based on a set of goals, including determining the attractiveness of Iraq to foreign investments, especially the oil sector, and the study reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which is the existence of a strong inverse correlation between the return on investment and the market value of the company. And the existence of a slight impact of the return on investment on the market value of the company, and the study reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which is activating the investment climate through political stability and the clarity and stability of laws and legislation regulating investment, which is one of the most important factors affecting the investment decision.

Return on Invesment (ROI) of Software Product: A Systematic Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Rizqa Raaiqa Bintana ◽  
Putri Aisyiyah Rakhma Devi ◽  
Umi Laili Yuhana
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Software Product ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rational Consideration ◽  
Actual Return ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Investment Models ◽  
The Impact

The quality of the software can be measured by its return on investment. Factors which may affect the return on investment (ROI) is the tangible factors (such as the cost) dan intangible factors (such as the impact of software to the users or stakeholder). The factor of the software itself are assessed through reviewing, testing, process audit, and performance of software. This paper discusses the consideration of return on investment (ROI) assessment criteria derived from the software and its users. These criteria indicate that the approach may support a rational consideration of all relevant criteria when evaluating software, and shows examples of actual return on investment models. Conducted an analysis of the assessment criteria that affect the return on investment if these criteria have a disproportionate effort that resulted in a return on investment of a software decreased. Index Terms - Assessment criteria, Quality assurance, Return on Investment, Software product

Value assessment of antimicrobials and the implications for development, access, and funding of effective treatments: Australian stakeholder perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nadine T. Hillock ◽  
Tracy L. Merlin ◽  
Jonathan Karnon ◽  
John Turnidge ◽  
Jaklin Eliott
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Background The frameworks used by Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies for value assessment of medicines aim to optimize healthcare resource allocation. However, they may not be effective at capturing the value of antimicrobial drugs. Objectives To analyze stakeholder perceptions regarding how antimicrobials are assessed for value for reimbursement purposes and how the Australian HTA framework accommodates the unique attributes of antimicrobials in cost-effectiveness evaluation. Methods Eighteen individuals representing the pharmaceutical industry or policy-makers were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and thematically analyzed. Results Key emergent themes were that reimbursement decision-making should consider the antibiotic spectrum when assessing value, risk of shortages, the impact of procurement processes on low-priced comparators, and the need for methodological transparency when antimicrobials are incorporated into the economic evaluation of other treatments. Conclusions Participants agreed that the current HTA framework for antimicrobial value assessment is inadequate to properly inform funding decisions, as the contemporary definition of cost-effectiveness fails to explicitly incorporate the risk of future resistance. Policy-makers were uncertain about how to incorporate future resistance into economic evaluations without a systematic method to capture costs avoided due to good stewardship. Lacking financial reward for the benefits of narrower-spectrum antimicrobials, companies will likely focus on developing broad-spectrum agents with wider potential use. The perceived risks of shortages have influenced the funding of generic antimicrobials in Australia, with policy-makers suggesting a willingness to pay more for assured supply. Although antibiotics often underpin the effectiveness of other medicines, it is unclear how this is incorporated into economic models.

scholarly journals What was the impact of a participatory research project in Australian Indigenous primary healthcare services? Applying a comprehensive framework for assessing translational health research to Lessons for the Best

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e040749
Author(s):  
Shanthi Ann Ramanathan ◽  
Sarah Larkins ◽  
Karen Carlisle ◽  
Nalita Turner ◽  
Ross Stewart Bailie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Community ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cost Consequence ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo (1) apply the Framework to Assess the Impact from Translational health research (FAIT) to Lessons from the Best to Better the Rest (LFTB), (2) report on impacts from LFTB and (3) assess the feasibility and outcomes from a retrospective application of FAIT.SettingThree Indigenous primary healthcare (PHC) centres in the Northern Territory, Australia; project coordinating centre distributed between Townsville, Darwin and Cairns and the broader LFTB learning community across Australia.ParticipantsLFTB research team and one representative from each PHC centre.Primary and secondary outcome measuresImpact reported as (1) quantitative metrics within domains of benefit using a modified Payback Framework, (2) a cost-consequence analysis given a return on investment was not appropriate and (3) a narrative incorporating qualitative evidence of impact. Data were gathered through in-depth stakeholder interviews and a review of project documentation, outputs and relevant websites.ResultsLFTB contributed to knowledge advancement in Indigenous PHC service delivery; enhanced existing capacity of health centre staff, researchers and health service users; enhanced supportive networks for quality improvement; and used a strengths-based approach highly valued by health centres. LFTB also leveraged between $A1.4 and $A1.6 million for the subsequent Leveraging Effective Ambulatory Practice (LEAP) Project to apply LFTB learnings to resource development and creation of a learning community to empower striving PHC centres.ConclusionRetrospective application of FAIT to LFTB, although not ideal, was feasible. Prospective application would have allowed Indigenous community perspectives to be included. Greater appreciation of the full benefit of LFTB including a measure of return on investment will be possible when LEAP is complete. Future assessments of impact need to account for the limitations of fully capturing impact when intermediate/final impacts have not yet been realised and captured.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nocturia among community-dwelling adults: a population-based study in Malaysia

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Yin Yow ◽  
John Jeh Lung Tiong ◽  
Chun-Wai Mai ◽  
Esther van der Werf ◽  
Zulkifli Md Zainuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Nocturia is widely prevalent condition with detrimental effects on quality of life and general health. In Malaysia, there is a lack of up-to-date prevalence study on nocturia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nocturia and awareness pertaining to nocturia among Malaysian adults. Methods A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted among Malaysian adults aged ≥ 18 years old. The data was collected by mixed mode self-administered questionnaire from May 2019 to September 2019. Nocturia was defined as one or more voids at night. Results There were a total of 4616 respondents with 74.5% of response rate. The overall prevalence of nocturia among Malaysian adults was found to be 57.3%. In multivariate analysis, respondents aged 31–40 (1.91 [1.52–2.40]) or > 60 years old (2.03 [1.48–2.71]), and those who presented with hypertension (2.84 [2.28–3.53]), diabetes mellitus (1.78 [1.42–2.25]), renal disease (3.58 [1.93–6.63]) or overactive bladder (1.61 [1.10–2.35]) were associated with higher prevalence of nocturia. A significantly lower disease prevalence (p < 0.05) was noted among those aged 41–50 (0.73 [0.59–0.91]), male (0.78 [0.69–0.88]) and Chinese (0.47 [0.30–0.74]) or Indian (0.34 [0.21–0.54]) ethnicities. A total of 37.3% of respondents with nocturia reported that they faced sleeping difficulty about half the time or more after waking up in the middle of night. Those who had ≥ 2 voids per night experienced significantly higher mean bother score than those who had 1 void per night (p < 0.001). Approximately half (56.7%) of all respondents were not aware that night time urination is a medical condition. Only 25.2% of respondents with nocturia had sought medical attention for their nocturia. Conclusions The prevalence of nocturia among Malaysian adults is high and strongly influenced by age, sex, race and comorbidities. However, the general awareness pertaining to nocturia being a health issue remains low among Malaysians. The findings also highlighted the impact of nocturia on sleep and the need for nocturia education to better address this disease.

scholarly journals Measuring capability wellbeing in adults at different stages of life for use in economic evaluation of health and care interventions: a qualitative investigation in people requiring kidney care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mark Mitchell ◽  
Samantha Husbands ◽  
Sabina Sanghera ◽  
Fergus John Caskey ◽  
Jemima Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Capability wellbeing measures, such as the ICECAP measures, have been proposed for use in economic evaluations to capture broader outcomes of health and care interventions. The ICECAP measures have been developed to reflect capabilities at different stages of life. Some patient groups include patients of different ages and at different stages of life, so it is not always apparent which ICECAP measure is most relevant. This study explores the impact of age and life stage on completion, where both ICECAP-A and ICECAP-O were completed by the same patient. Methods A think-aloud study, and an associated semi-structured interview were conducted with people receiving kidney care as a renal outpatient, kidney transplant outpatient, or through receiving facility-based haemodialysis. Qualitative analysis focused on (1) differences in responses across measures by individuals, where attributes had conceptual overlap, (2) key factors in self-reported capability levels, and (3) measure preference. Results Thirty participants were included in the study, with a mix of older and younger adults. Attributes with similar wording across measures produced similar responses compared to attributes where wording differed. Age and health were key factors for self-reported capability levels. ICECAP-A was slightly preferred overall, including by older adults. Conclusion This study suggests use of ICECAP-A in patients with certain chronic health conditions that include a mix of adults across the life course. This study highlights the importance of considering the stage of life when using capability measures and in economic evaluations of health and care interventions more generally.

scholarly journals Association Between Federal Value-Based Incentive Program Implementation and Hospital-Onset C. difficile Infection Rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s133-s133
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alrawashdeh ◽  
Chanu Rhee ◽  
Heather Hsu ◽  
Grace Lee
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Toxigenic Culture ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Hospital-Acquired Conditions Reduction Program (HACRP) and Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) are federal value-based incentive programs that financially reward or penalize hospitals based on quality metrics. Hospital-onset C. difficile infection (HO-CDI) rates reported to the CDC NHSN became a target quality metric for both HACRP and HVBP in October 2016, but the impact of these programs on HO-CDI rates is unknown. Methods: We used an interrupted time-series design to examine the association between HACRP/HVBP implementation in October 2016 and quarterly rates of HO-CDI per 10,000 patient days among incentive-eligible acute-care hospitals conducting facility-wide HO-CDI NHSN surveillance between January 2013 and March 2019. Generalized estimating equations were used to fit negative binomial regression models to assess for immediate program impact (ie, level change) and changes in the slope of HO-CDI rates, controlling for each hospital’s predominant method for CDI testing (nucleic acid amplification including PCR (NAAT), enzyme immunoassay for toxin (EIA), or other testing method including cell cytotoxicity neutralization assay and toxigenic culture). Results: Of the 265 study hospitals studied, most were medium-sized (100–399 beds, 55%), not-for-profit (77%), teaching hospitals (70%), and were located in a metropolitan area (87%). Compared to EIA, rates of HO-CDI were higher when detected by NAAT (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.55; 95% CI, 1.41–1.70) or other testing methods (IRR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26–1.71). Controlling for CDI testing methods, HACRP/HVBP implementation was associated with an immediate 6% decline in HO-CDI rates (IRR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–0.99) and a 4% decline in slope per year-quarter thereafter (IRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95–0.97) (Fig. 1). Conclusions: HACRP/HVBP implementation was associated with both immediate and gradual improvements in HO-CDI rates, independent of CDI testing methods of differing sensitivity. Future research may evaluate the precise mechanisms underlying this improvement and if this impact is sustained in the long term.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Caffeine may disrupt the impact of real-time drowsiness on cognitive performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled small-sample study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Aidman ◽  
M. Balin ◽  
K. Johnson ◽  
S. Jackson ◽  
G. M. Paech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Procedural Decisions ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modest Reduction

AbstractCaffeine is widely used to promote alertness and cognitive performance under challenging conditions, such as sleep loss. Non-digestive modes of delivery typically reduce variability of its effect. In a placebo-controlled, 50-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) protocol we administered four 200 mg doses of caffeine-infused chewing-gum during night-time circadian trough and monitored participants' drowsiness during task performance with infra-red oculography. In addition to the expected reduction of sleepiness, caffeine was found to disrupt its degrading impact on performance errors in tasks ranging from standard cognitive tests to simulated driving. Real-time drowsiness data showed that caffeine produced only a modest reduction in sleepiness (compared to our placebo group) but substantial performance gains in vigilance and procedural decisions, that were largely independent of the actual alertness dynamics achieved. The magnitude of this disrupting effect was greater for more complex cognitive tasks.

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