scholarly journals Weight Status and Body Composition Dynamics in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erez Azoulay ◽  
Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan ◽  
Hadar Yaacov ◽  
Inbar Gilboa ◽  
Adar Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The preventive measures taken in attempt to prevent COVID-19 spread lead to closure of schools and leisure time activities. The impact of the pandemic on pediatric weight status is unclear, reports from around the world predict grave consequences with increasing obesity. We aimed to examine the change in body composition parameters of children and adolescents during the pandemic.Materials and Methods: An observational study of 220 pediatric subjects (109 boys; mean current age 11.8 ± 3.3 years; 37 with underweight, 123 with normal weight, and 60 with overweight/obesity) who underwent height and body composition measurements by bioelectrical impedance analysis, Tanita MC-780MA, GMON Professional Software before and during the pandemic. Height, body mass index (BMI) and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) z-scores were calculated. Data collected from the participants' medical files included home address for socioeconomic position calculation, pubertal stage, and self-reported sleep duration and physical activity performance.Results: The vast majority of the cohort (81.8%) had stable or improved MFR z-scores during the pandemic. MFR z-scores significantly increased in subjects with underweight (p = 0.05) and normal weight (p = 0.008), but not in subjects with overweight/obesity (p = 0.169). There were significant associations in BMI z-scores (r = 0.961, p < 0.001) and MFR z-scores (r = 0.854, p < 0.001) before and during the pandemic. A multivariate linear regression model identified socioeconomic position, pre-pandemic BMI z-scores, pre-pandemic MFR z-scores, and physical activity levels during the pandemic as predictors for delta MFR z-scores (F = 12.267, p < 0.001). Age, sex, pre-pandemic physical activity, and the time that had elapsed between initiation of the first nationwide lockdown and the BIA assessment during the pandemic did not emerge as predictors for delta MFR z-score.Conclusions: Our encouraging findings demonstrate improvement in body composition parameters of subjects with underweight and normal weight and stability in subjects with overweight/obesity. Engagement in physical activity during the pandemic predicted improvement, while lower socioeconomic position predicted deterioration.

scholarly journals Degree of Accuracy of the BMI Z-Score to Determine Excess Fat Mass Using DXA in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12114
Author(s):  
David Monasor-Ortolá ◽  
Jose Antonio Quesada-Rico ◽  
Ana Pilar Nso-Roca ◽  
Mercedes Rizo-Baeza ◽  
Ernesto Cortés-Castell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Total Fat

Obesity is caused by fat accumulation. BMI Z-score is used to classify the different degrees of weight status in children and adolescents. However, this parameter does not always express the true percentage of body fat. Our objective was to determine the degree of agreement between the fat mass percentage measured by DXA and the stratification of weight according to BMI Z-score in the pediatric age group. We designed a descriptive cross-sectional study. The patients were classified as underweight/normal weight with Z-scores between −2 and +0.99, overweight from 1 to 1.99, obese from 2 to 2.99, and very obese ≥3. We included 551 patients (47% girls), with a mean age of 11.5 ± 2.8 years (3.7–18 years). Higher BMI Z-scores were associated with a higher percentage of total fat (p < 0.001). However, there were important overlaps between both parameters, such that the BMI Z-score classified patients with the same percentage of total fat mass as having a different nutritional status classification. In conclusion, the stratification of weight status according to BMI Z-score revealed that 46.7% of patients had a fat percentage that did not correspond to their classification. For a more accurate weight assessment in clinical practice, we recommend combining anthropometric indices with diagnostic tools that better correlate with DXA, such as electrical bioimpedance.

scholarly journals POS1309 PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF UNDERWEIGHT, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS (JIA): EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL PAEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGIC DATABASE (NPRD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 936.2-937
Author(s):  
F. Milatz ◽  
J. Klotsche ◽  
M. Niewerth ◽  
J. Hörstermann ◽  
D. Windschall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Obesity In Children

Background:In patients with JIA, growth impairment and variance in body composition are well-known long-term complications that may be associated with prolonged drug therapy (e.g. glucocorticoids) as well as impaired physical and psychosocial well-being. An increased accumulation of body fat represents a significant risk factor for metabolic abnormalities and a modifiable variable for a number of comorbidities. Recently, evidence has emerged in favour of the potential negative influence of overweight on the course of the disease and treatment response [1].Objectives:The study aimed a) to estimate the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with JIA compared to the general population, and b) to investigate correlates of patients’ weight status.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of physicians’ recorded body weights and heights of patients with JIA enrolled in the NPRD in the year 2019 was performed. Underweight (BMI <10th), overweight (BMI >90th) and obesity (BMI >97th) were defined according to age- and sex-specific percentiles used in the German reference system. For comparison with data from the general population [2], sex- and age-matched pairs of 3-17-year-old patients and controls were generated. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between weight status and patients’ clinical and self-reported outcomes.Results:In total, data from 6.515 children and adolescents with JIA (age 11.2 ± 4.1 years, disease duration 4.9 ± 3.8 years, 67% girls, 40% persistent oligoarthritis) were included. Of these, 3.334 (age 5.9 ± 2.1 years, 52.5% girls) could be considered for matched-pair analysis. Compared with the general population, patients underweight, overweight and obesity rates were 10.6% (vs. 8.1%), 8.8% (vs. 8.5%) and 6.1% (vs. 5.7%), respectively. No significant sex differences were found in either group. Largest difference in prevalence was registered for underweight, specifically in the age group 3-6 years (12.9% patients vs. 5.9% controls). Similar to the general population, higher rates of overweight were observed in adolescent patients than in affected children (19.1% age group 11-13 vs. 8.4% age group 3-6). While the highest underweight prevalence was registered in patients with RF+ polyarthritis (16%), patients with Enthesitis-related arthritis (22%), psoriatic arthritis (21%) and systemic JIA (20%) showed the highest overweight rates (including obesity). Younger age (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31-0.83), more frequent physical activity (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-0.99) and high parental vocational education (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18-0.80) were independently associated with a lower likelihood of being overweight/obese.Conclusion:The overall prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with JIA is comparable to that found in the general population. Behavioural health promotion, including regular physical activity, as part of the treatment strategy in JIA should preventively already begin at preschool age and necessarily be made accessible to patients of all educational levels.References:[1]Giani T et al. The influence of overweight and obesity on treatment response in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2019;10:637.[2]Schienkiewitz A et al. BMI among children and adolescents: prevalences and distribution considering underweight and extreme obesity. Bundesgesundheitsbl 2019;62:1225–1234.Acknowledgements:The National Paediatric Rheumatological Database has been funded by AbbVie, Chugai, Novartis and GSK.Disclosure of Interests:Florian Milatz: None declared, Jens Klotsche: None declared, Martina Niewerth: None declared, Jana Hörstermann: None declared, Daniel Windschall: None declared, Frank Weller-Heinemann Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, SOBI, Roche and Novartis., Frank Dressler: None declared, Rainer Berendes: None declared, Johannes-Peter Haas: None declared, Gerd Horneff: None declared, Kirsten Minden Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, Consultant of: Novartis

scholarly journals Children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays versus weekend days: a multi-country analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
◽  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
Bridget Armstrong ◽  
R. Glenn Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Total Wear ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Country Analysis

Abstract Purpose The Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) posits that children’s behaviors associated with obesity – such as physical activity – are more favorable on days that contain more ‘structure’ (i.e., a pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environment) such as school weekdays, compared to days with less structure, such as weekend days. The purpose of this study was to compare children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels on weekdays versus weekend days using a large, multi-country, accelerometer-measured physical activity dataset. Methods Data were received from the International Children’s Accelerometer Database (ICAD) July 2019. The ICAD inclusion criteria for a valid day of wear, only non-intervention data (e.g., baseline intervention data), children with at least 1 weekday and 1 weekend day, and ICAD studies with data collected exclusively during school months, were included for analyses. Mixed effects models accounting for the nested nature of the data (i.e., days within children) assessed MVPA minutes per day (min/day MVPA) differences between weekdays and weekend days by region/country, adjusted for age, sex, and total wear time. Separate meta-analytical models explored differences by age and country/region for sex and child weight-status. Results/findings Valid data from 15 studies representing 5794 children (61% female, 10.7 ± 2.1 yrs., 24% with overweight/obesity) and 35,263 days of valid accelerometer data from 5 distinct countries/regions were used. Boys and girls accumulated 12.6 min/day (95% CI: 9.0, 16.2) and 9.4 min/day (95% CI: 7.2, 11.6) more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively. Children from mainland Europe had the largest differences (17.1 min/day more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, 95% CI: 15.3, 19.0) compared to the other countries/regions. Children who were classified as overweight/obese or normal weight/underweight accumulated 9.5 min/day (95% CI: 6.9, 12.2) and 10.9 min/day (95% CI: 8.3, 13.5) of additional MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively. Conclusions Children from multiple countries/regions accumulated significantly more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days during school months. This finding aligns with the SDH and warrants future intervention studies to prioritize less-structured days, such as weekend days, and to consider providing opportunities for all children to access additional opportunities to be active.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evidence of Children’s Weight Gain From 5 Months of Home Quarantine During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110066
Author(s):  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
Jeanette Garcia ◽  
Ethan T. Hunt ◽  
Michael Blankenship ◽  
Daniel Eisenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weight Data ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Purpose. Preventive measures to curtail the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—such as home quarantine, closure of schools/programs—are necessary, yet the impact of these restrictions on children’s weight status is unknown. The purpose of this case report was to investigate changes in children’s body mass index (BMI) and zBMI during COVID-19 quarantine. Methods. Children had their heights and weights recorded early March 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and 5 months later (early August 2020). Paired sample t tests examined changes in BMI and zBMI from baseline to follow-up. Results. Twenty-nine children (62% female; mean age 9.3 years; 27.5% with overweight or obesity) provided height and weight data at both time points. There was a significant difference in pre-COVID-19 BMI (mean [M] = 20.1, standard deviation [SD] = 6.0) and follow-up BMI (M = 20.7, SD = 6.4); t(57) = −3.8, P < .001, and pre-COVID-19 zBMI (M = 0.8, SD = 0.9) and follow-up zBMI (M = 0.9, SD = 0.9); t(57) = -3.1, P = .003. Five of the 29 children moved from normal weight to overweight (n = 4) or obese (n = 1) during 5 months of quarantine. Conclusions. Preliminary evidence shows most children increased their BMI and zBMI values from pre-COVID-19 assessment to the follow-up assessment, 5 months later. These initial findings identify potential incidental negative health consequences of children as a result of COVID-19 preventative measures such as home quarantine.

scholarly journals Awareness and knowledge about weight status and management: results from the 1 d sensitization campaign ‘Obesity Day’ in northern Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Barichella ◽  
Alexis E Malavazos ◽  
Giuseppe Fatati ◽  
Emanuele Cereda
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the awareness and knowledge about weight status and its management.DesignA 1 d cross-sectional survey. Basic anthropometric assessments (weight, height, BMI and waist circumference) and a self-administered questionnaire were considered.SettingNineteen Clinical Nutrition or Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders Units or Dietetics Services in the Italian region of Lombardy.SubjectsAll adults attending the ‘Obesity Day’ initiative.ResultsA total of 914 participants (605 female and 309 male) were recruited. Although most of the participants (83·5 %) considered obesity to be a disease, 38·5 % were likely to misperceive their weight status. In particular, 38·8 % of normal-weight adults believed themselves to be overweight, whereas 71·1 % and 37·5 % of classes I and II/III obese adults classified themselves as being overweight and mildly obese, respectively. However, most of the overweight (90·2 %), mildly (96·8 %) and moderately/severely obese adults (99·1 %) recognized the need to lose weight. In all, 37·8 % of the sample underestimated the role of physical activity in weight management. Interestingly, only 17·2 % of dieters (previous or current) declared being advised by their doctor to lose weight. Multivariate models revealed that higher age, low education and higher BMI were important determinants of poor weight control and management. In addition, previous dieting appeared not to provide better knowledge, whereas the role of physical activity was recognized mainly by those practising it.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that in Italy knowledge about weight management should be improved not only in the general population but also among health-care professionals. To confirm this finding, there is now the rationale for a nationally representative survey. New educational programmes can be designed on the basis of the information collected.

scholarly journals Does physiological distribution of blood parameters in children depend on socioeconomic status? Results of a German cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Rieger ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
Christoph Engel ◽  
Uta Ceglarek ◽  
Kristian Harms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Z Scores

ObjectivesIn the present study, we examined the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and the physiological distribution of iron-related blood parameters.DesignThis is a cross-sectional analysis of longitudinal population-based cohort study.SettingBased on a sample of healthy participants from a German research centre, various blood parameters and values of clinical examinations and questionnaires were collected.ParticipantsA total of 1206 healthy volunteers aged 2.5 to 19 years, one child per family randomly selected, were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAssociations between the SES of children by Winkler-Stolzenberg Index (WSI) and its dimensions (income, education, occupation) and iron-related blood parameters (haemoglobin, ferritin and transferrin) were analysed by linear regression analyses. Gender and pubertal stage were included as covariables. Additionally, associations between SES of children by WSI and physical activity (side-to-side jumps, push-ups) as well as body mass index (BMI) were analysed by linear regression analyses.ResultsChildren with high WSI or family income showed significantly increased z-scores for haemoglobin (P=0.046; P<0.001). Children with increased WSI or family income showed significantly lower z-scores for transferrin (P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between haemoglobin and gender (P<0.001) and between transferrin and pubertal stage (P=0.024). Furthermore, physical activity was positively correlated and BMI was negatively correlated with WSI (P<0.001).DiscussionOur data show an association between SES and the distribution of iron-dependent parameters. Lower SES is correlated with lower values for haemoglobin and higher values for transferrin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that physical activity and BMI are associated with SES. Whereas higher SES is correlated with higher values for physical activity and lower BMI. Our parameters are standardised as z-scores with the advantages that the results are comparable across different age groups and present physiological courses.Trial registration numberNCT02550236; Results.

Accelerometer Response to Physical Activity Intensity in Normal-Weight Versus Overweight African American Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Arvidsson ◽  
Mark Fitch ◽  
Mark L. Hudes ◽  
Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽  
Sharon E. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
American Children

Background:Different movement efficiency in overweight children may affect accelerometer output data. The purpose was to investigate the ability of accelerometers to assess physical activity intensity and number of steps in normal-weight compared with overweight children.Methods:Eleven normal-weight and 14 overweight African American children walked at 2, 4, 5, and 6 km/h on a treadmill wearing Lifecorder, ActiGraph, RT3, and Biotrainer. Oxygen uptake was measured and steps manually counted. Fat free mass (FFM) was assessed from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Accelerometer counts and the individual linear regression lines of accelerometer counts versus VO2/FFM were evaluated, together with steps recorded by Lifecorder and Actigraph.Results:Correlations between accelerometer counts and VO2/FFM for all monitors were r ≥ .95 (P < .01). The accelerometer counts and their relationship to VO2/FFM did not generally differ significantly by body weight status. Lifecorder and Actigraph underestimated steps at 4, 5, and 6 km/h by less than 9%, but the error was up to −95% at 2 km/h.Conclusions:All 4 accelerometers show high ability to assess physical activity intensity, and can be used to compare physical activity between normal-weight and overweight children. The Lifecorder and the ActiGraph showed high accuracy in assessing steps, providing speed of movement exceeded 2 km/h.

scholarly journals Body Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Before and After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Longitudinal Prospective Study in a Rural Village Struck by the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110477
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Del Brutto ◽  
Robertino M. Mera ◽  
Denisse A. Rumbea ◽  
Pedro Pérez ◽  
Bettsy Y. Recalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Information on the body composition of inhabitants of remote communities during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is limited. Using a longitudinal population-based study design, we assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in body composition. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults living in a rural Ecuadorian village received body composition determinations before and 1 year after the pandemic as well as serological tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The independent association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and abnormalities in body composition at follow-up was assessed by fitting linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Results: Of 327 enrolled individuals, 277 (85%) received baseline and follow-up body composition determinations, and 175 (63%) of them became SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Overall, diet and physical activity deteriorated during the follow-up. Multivariate random-effects generalized least squares regression models that included the impact of time and seropositivity on follow-up body composition, showed that neither variable contributed to a worsening in body composition. Multivariate logistic regression models disclosed that the serological status at follow-up cannot be predicted by differences in body composition and other baseline covariates. Conclusions: Study results suggest no increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among older adults with abnormal body composition and no significant changes as a result of worse physical activity and dietary habits or seropositivity during the length of the study. Together with a previous study in the same population that showed decrease in hand-grip strength after SARS-CoV-2, results confirm that dynapenia (and not sarcopenia) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults.

scholarly journals Análisis de imagen corporal y obesidad mediante las siluetas de Stunkard en niños y adolescentes españoles de 3 a 18 años

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez ◽  
Arturo Díaz Suárez ◽  
Lee Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychological Problem ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Physical Activity Programs ◽  
Physiological Problem

<p>This paper is focused on the study of body image and excess weight and obesity in Spanish children and adolescents. This investigation involved 1082 children and adolescents (541 males and 541 females) from the Region of Murcia, aged between 3 and 18 years. The instrument used was Stunkard’s silhouettes. 34% of men and 17.9% of women were classified as overweight/obese (<em> </em> = 26.936; p=0.000; d=0.65). Regarding body image, 61.2% were dissatisfied with their body, highlighting those who would like to be thinner (men 44.7% and women 46%). Therefore, the psychological problem of body dissatisfaction had a higher prevalence than the physiological problem of obesity. It is recommended to implement physical activity programs to improve body image and body composition of children and adolescents in the Region of Murcia.</p>

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