scholarly journals Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH3-N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12427
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khalish Mohammad Ilias ◽  
Md. Sohrab Hossain ◽  
Rahmat Ngteni ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
Harlina Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Central Composite

The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO4·7H2O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant for treating industrial effluent. In this study, the secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE) was treated using ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) waste from the titanium oxide manufacturing industry. The FeSO4·7H2O waste coagulation efficiency was evaluated on the elimination of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from SRPE. The central composite design (CCD) of experiments was employed to design the coagulation experiments with varying coagulation time, coagulant doses, and temperature. The coagulation experiments were optimized on the optimal elimination of NH3-N and COD using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that coagulant doses and temperature significantly influenced NH3-N and COD elimination from SRPE. The highest NH3-N and COD removal obtained were 98.19% and 93.86%, respectively, at the optimized coagulation experimental conditions of coagulation time 70 min, coagulant doses 900 mg/L, and temperature 62 °C. The residual NH3-N and COD in treated SPRE were found below the specified industrial effluent discharge limits set by DoE, Malaysia. Additionally, the sludge generated after coagulation of SRPE contains essential plant nutrients. The present study’s finding showed that FeSO4·7H2O waste generated as an industrial byproduct in a titanium oxide manufacturing industry could be utilized as an eco-friendly coagulant in treating industrial effluent.

scholarly journals Impact of Industrial Effluent Discharge on the Physico-chemical Properties of Aleto Stream, Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
S. L. Gbarakoro ◽  
T. N. Gbarakoro ◽  
W. L. Eebu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Impact

Aim: This research work aimed to determine the impact of industrial effluent discharge on the physicochemical properties of Aleto Stream, Eleme and Rivers State. Study Design: Random sampling technique was applied in this study. The study area was divided into three sites; upstream, downstream all of Aleto Stream and Agbonchia Stream which serves for the control experiment. Water samples for eleven physical and six chemical parameters were collected in a Completely Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out on Aleto and Agbonchia streams at Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria from 2017 to 2018. Methodology: Two samples were collected; one sample at the Aleto stream where the industrial effluent is being channelled into the stream and the other sample was collected from Agbonchia stream, which was used as a control. In the Aleto Stream, sampling was made at two points; point A (upstream) point B (downstream) and each of these points had their Physico-chemical properties tested while only one sample was collected from the Agbonchia Stream. Physico-chemical properties were analyzed in the samples using pH meter for pH, Turbidity meter for turbidity, Conductivity meter for electrical conductivity, phosphate by colourimetric method, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) by gravimetric method, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by standard method, chloride, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), calcium hardness, total hardness by titrimetric method, colour, odour and taste by sensory method. Results: Results obtained on the Physico-chemical properties had varying concentrations of Temperature, Total hardness, Chloride, Alkalinity, DO and Phosphate that were within world health organization (24)  and Federal Ministry of Environment (1991) permissible limits on both upstream and downstream with values ranging from 29.0-23.7oC, 360-125 mg/l, 120-100 mg/l, 36-30 mg/l, 4.9-4.4 mg/l, 1.92-1.2 mg/l respectively while Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, TSS, TDS, Calcium hardness, COD, BOD, Colour, Taste and Odour were above permissible limits on both upstream and downstream with values ranging from 1660-1700 mg/l, 83-112NTU, 82-80 mg/l, 910-914 mg/l, 1590-1900 mg/l, 100-165 mg/l, 4.36-3.88 mg/l respectively. The pH values ranged from 9.0-6.3 mg/l showing a result on the upstream to be alkaline while the downstream was slightly acidic. The increase in the above parameters above their permissible limits is as a result of the impact of industrial effluent discharges drained into the stream. This indicates that the stream is unfit for both human and aquatic inmates. Conclusion: Therefore, proper management of this effluent should be ensured and an acute test with lethal concentration (LC50) as the endpoint is recommended to determine the degree of toxicity of the effluent waste.

Process optimization of CNP removal from industrial soft drink wastewater in a single up flow A2O with continuous feed and intermittent discharge regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1524-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Nouri ◽  
Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Soft Drink ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Discharge Regime ◽  
Continuous Feed ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Single Laboratory ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract Simultaneous removal of carbon and nutrients (CNP) in a single laboratory-scale bioreactor is advantageous in terms of reactor volume and energy consumption. In this study, an innovative up-flow anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2O) single bioreactor with continuous feed and intermittent discharge (CFID) regime equipped with a movable aerator in the reactor height for simultaneous removal of CNP from soft drinks wastewater was successfully designed, fabricated and operated. The effects of four independent variables, i.e. hydraulic retention time (HRT), aerator height, biomass concentration and nitrogen/soluble chemical oxygen demand (N/sCOD) ratio at three levels in the range of 4–8 h, 37–55.5 cm, 4,000–6,000−1, and 0.05–0.2, respectively, on eight process responses were investigated. The central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to design the experimental conditions, model the obtained data, and optimize the process. The bioreactor provides three conditions with different dissolved oxygen (DO) (anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic) in a single bioreactor by placing the aerator in the middle of the reactor. As a result, the maximum sCOD, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal were about 100, 92 and 41%, respectively. The optimum region obtained was an HRT of 5–11 h, a mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration of 4,000–4,700 mgL−1, and an aerator height of 46.25 cm, at the N/sCOD ratio of 0.1.

scholarly journals Effective Chromium Adsorption From Aqueous Solutions and Tannery Wastewater Using Bimetallic Fe/Cu Nanoparticles: Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117862212110281
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Mahmoud ◽  
Nouran Y. Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed K. Mostafa ◽  
Mohamed S. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Cr Removal

Tannery industrial effluent is one of the most difficult wastewater types since it contains a huge concentration of organic, oil, and chrome (Cr). This study successfully prepared and applied bimetallic Fe/Cu nanoparticles (Fe/Cu NPs) for chrome removal. In the beginning, the Fe/Cu NPs was equilibrated by pure aqueous chrome solution at different operating conditions (lab scale), then the nanomaterial was applied in semi full scale. The operating conditions indicated that Fe/Cu NPs was able to adsorb 68% and 33% of Cr for initial concentrations of 1 and 9 mg/L, respectively. The removal occurred at pH 3 using 0.6 g/L Fe/Cu dose, stirring rate 200 r/min, contact time 20 min, and constant temperature 20 ± 2ºC. Adsorption isotherm proved that the Khan model is the most appropriate model for Cr removal using Fe/Cu NPs with the minimum error sum of 0.199. According to khan, the maximum uptakes was 20.5 mg/g Cr. Kinetic results proved that Pseudo Second Order mechanism with the least possible error of 0.098 indicated that the adsorption mechanism is chemisorption. Response surface methodology (RSM) equation was developed with a significant p-value = 0 to label the relations between Cr removal and different experimental parameters. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were performed with a structure of 5-4-1 and the achieved results indicated that the effect of the dose is the most dominated variable for Cr removal. Application of Fe/Cu NPs in real tannery wastewater showed its ability to degrade and disinfect organic and biological contaminants in addition to chrome adsorption. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), Cr, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and oil reached 61.5%, 49.5%, 44.8%, 100%, 38.9%, 96.3%, 88.7%, and 29.4%, respectively.

scholarly journals Study on Chromaticity Removal from Mineral Processing Wastewater with Salicylic Hydroxamic Acid by Granular Activated Carbon Catalyzed Ozonation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Shengnian Wu ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Ruihan Yao ◽  
Eryong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydroxamic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Removal Ratio

Salicylic hydroxamic acid is a novel flotation reagent used in mineral processing. However, it impacts the flotation wastewater leaving behind high chromaticity which limits its reuse and affects discharge for mining enterprises. This study researched ozonation catalyzed by the granular activated carbon (GAC) method to treat the chromaticity of the simulated mineral processing wastewater with salicylic hydroxamic acid. The effects of pH value, ozone (O3) concentration, GAC dosage, and reaction time on chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal were discussed. The results of individual ozonation experiments showed that the chromaticity removal ratio reached 79% and the effluent chromaticity exceeded the requirement of reuse and discharge when the optimal experimental conditions were pH value 3, ozone concentration 6 mg/L, and reaction time 40 min. The orthogonal experimental results of catalytic ozonation with GAC on chromaticity removal explained that the chromaticity removal ratio could reach 96.36% and the chromaticity of effluent was only 20 when the optimal level of experimental parameters was pH value 2.87, O3 concentration 6 mg/L, GAC dosage 0.06 g/L, reaction time 60 min respectively. The degradation pathway of salicylic hydroxamic acid by ozonation was also considered based on an analysis with ultraviolet absorption spectrum and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

scholarly journals Microbiological Sulfide Removal—From Microorganism Isolation to Treatment of Industrial Effluent

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Zhendong Yang ◽  
Zhenghua Liu ◽  
Aleksandra Sklodowska ◽  
Marcin Musialowski ◽  
Tomasz Bajda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Sulfide Removal

Management of excessive aqueous sulfide is one of the most significant challenges of treating effluent after biological sulfate reduction for metal recovery from hydrometallurgical leachate. The main objective of this study was to characterize and verify the effectiveness of a sulfide-oxidizing bacterial (SOB) consortium isolated from post-mining wastes for sulfide removal from industrial leachate through elemental sulfur production. The isolated SOB has a complete sulfur-oxidizing metabolic system encoded by sox genes and is dominated by the Arcobacter genus. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of elemental sulfur in the collected sediment during cultivation of the SOB in synthetic medium under controlled physicochemical conditions. The growth yield after three days of cultivation reached ~2.34 gprotein/molsulfid, while approximately 84% of sulfide was transformed into elemental sulfur after 5 days of incubation. Verification of isolated SOB on the industrial effluent confirmed that it can be used for effective sulfide concentration reduction (~100% reduced from the initial 75.3 mg/L), but for complete leachate treatment (acceptable for discharged limits), bioaugmentation with other bacteria is required to ensure adequate reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD).

Degradation of Amaranth azo dye in water by heterogeneous photo-Fenton process using FeWO4 catalyst prepared by microwave irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric da Cruz Severo ◽  
Chayene Gonçalves Anchieta ◽  
Vitória Segabinazzi Foletto ◽  
Raquel Cristine Kuhn ◽  
Gabriela Carvalho Collazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Decolorization Efficiency ◽  
Central Composite

FeWO4 particles were synthesized by a simple, rapid and facile microwave technique and their catalytic properties in heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction were evaluated. This material was employed in the degradation of Amaranth azo dye. Individual and interactive effects of operational parameters such as pH, dye concentration and H2O2 dosage on the decolorization efficiency of Amaranth dye were evaluated by 23 central composite design. According to characterization techniques, a porous material and a well-crystallized phase of FeWO4 oxide were obtained. Regarding the photo-Fenton reaction assays, up to 97% color and 58% organic carbon removal were achieved in the best experimental conditions. In addition, the photo-Fenton process maintained treatment efficiency over five catalyst reuse cycles to indicate the durability of the FeWO4 catalyst. In summary, the results reveal that the synthesized FeWO4 material is a promising catalyst for wastewater treatment by heterogeneous photo-Fenton process.

scholarly journals Impacts of Industrial Effluent on River Kabul

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Ghazal Nosheen ◽  
Muhammad Ullah ◽  
Kashif Ahmad Khan ◽  
Attiq Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Textile Mills ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Receiving Stream ◽  
River Kabul ◽  
Industrial Units

The disposal of untreated industrial effluent into receiving water courses has become a major environmental challenge being faced by most of the developing countries. The high-strength and toxic wastes are responsible for a variety of water-borne diseases. In Pakistan numerous industrial units that dispose their effluent directly into receiving stream without any treatment. This study was, therefor designed to assess the wastewater characteristics of some major industrial units in the surrounding area of River Kabul, which is one of the most signifi cant resources of water in the north region of the country.The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the wastewater characteristics of some major industrial units in terms of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and TSS (Total Suspended Solids) etc. For this purpose, various representative samples were collected from the major industrial units like sugar, paper, ghee (Butter) and textile mills, and were analyzed using standard laboratory techniques. The results indicates that the BOD of sugar, paper, ghee (butter) and textile mills is in the range of 2235mg/L, 1150mg/L, 844mg/L and 745mg/L, respectively. Whereas, the COD of sugar, paper, ghee and textile mills was noticed to be 3945mg/L 2045mg/L, 2240mg/L and 1244mg/L respectively. Owing to the disposal of such highstrength wastes water without treatment, a remarkable increase in the TSS from 96 to 382mg/L, and decrease in DO (Dissolved Oxygen) concentration from 8.8 to 6.7mg/L of River Kabul was observed. The results of this study suggest that all the wastewater coming from the industrial sources should be properly treated as an integral part of their production before their fi nal disposal into River Kabul to secure its natural water quality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v8i0.4924Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 8, 2011 JanuaryPage: 44-47Uploaded date: 23 June, 2011

scholarly journals Treatment of real paracetamol wastewater by fenton process

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Dalgic ◽  
Ilter Turkdogan ◽  
Kaan Yetilmezsoy ◽  
Emel Kocak
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Amino Phenol

The study investigated the pretreatment of real paracetamol (PCT) wastewater of a pharmaceutical industry by Fenton process. At the best experimental conditions (COD/H2O2 = 1/1, Fe+2/H2O2 = 1/70, settling method:centrifuging, pH 6 at settling step), 92.7, 92.7, 95.5, 99.1, 99.9 and 99.4% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), PCT, para-amino phenol (PAP) and aniline were removed, respectively. Changes in the concentrations of these parameters were also investigated for both oxidation and settling steps of Fenton process. It was found that COD and TOC were removed at the settling step (precipitation) whereas PCT, PAP and aniline were removed at the oxidation step. Mass balance calculations were also studied to show the mass distributions of COD in different phases (gas + foam, effluent and sludge). Fenton process was found as an effective method for the pretreatment of real PCT wastewater for discharging in a determined collective treatment plant.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Parameters of Gomati River at Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh (India)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 875-886
Author(s):  
Azad Kannaujiya
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Gomati River ◽  
The Impact

Gomati River originate from Madhoganj Tanda village in Pilibhit district, U.P. it passes through the district of Shahjahanpur, kheri, Hardoi, Sitapur, Janpur and ultimately merge in Ganga. River water is significant for every living organism as well as aquatic life. Water pollution is a major global problem. Modernization and urbanization have polluted the river water and degraded the status. All over the world we are seeing that drain is the main source of water pollution especially for rivers flowing within the city. This drain generally carries industrial effluent, domestic waste, sewage and medicinal waste resulting in poor water quality. Gomati River receives industrial as well as domestic waste from various drains of Lucknow city. As Gomati river is the only source of surface water near the communities. A total 20 parameters namely Temperature, pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), Total solids (TS), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium as ca, Magnesium as Mg, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate as So4, Nickel as Ni, Lead as Pb, and Zinc as Zn where analysed and their variation is discussed to obtain the impact of effluents on water quality. From the result it was found higher than the permissible limit of WHO and BIS.

Effect of Process Parameters on the Adsorption of Chromium VI on a Packed Bed Column (PBC) using Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Pejavara Narayana Gururaj ◽  
Kulathooran Ramalakshmi ◽  
Sureshkumar Sujithra ◽  
Ravichandran Shalini
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Heated Sample ◽  
Packed Bed Column ◽  
Chromium Vi

The objective of this study is to evaluate the different process parameters on adsorption of chromium VI on a packed bed column using Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) and to examine the effect of pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) at a constant contact time of 10 minutes at a temperature of 40 ºC under two experimental conditions namely, tannery effluent with and without microwave treatment. The results revealed that microwave heating process had a higher impact on chromium (VI) adsorption than normal heating process. The pH values of microwave treated sample were found to be 6.65±0.65 when compared to normal heated sample where the pH was 4.62±0.72 when compared to the initial pH of effluent found to be 3.47±0.58. Further, a threefold reduction in BOD and COD values was observed in microwave treated vetiver sample which was around 86.73±1.43 and 107.90±2.82 mg/l respectively when compared to normal heated sample (250±1.45 and 200±2.65 mg/l respectively) and untreated effluent (780±2.53 and 920±3.86 mg/l respectively) which indicated the reduction of chromium VI present in the effluent water. It was also observed that the metal adsorption capacity of the vetiver powder and the adsorption characteristics were positively correlated with the FTIR and SEM analysis which confirmed the presence of chromium (VI) on the surface of vetiver.

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