scholarly journals Confirmed COVID-19 Cases per Economic Activity during Autumn Wave in Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12489
Author(s):  
Johan Verbeeck ◽  
Godelieve Vandersmissen ◽  
Jannes Peeters ◽  
Sofieke Klamer ◽  
Sharon Hancart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Some occupational sectors, such as human health and care, food service, cultural and sport activities, have been associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than other sectors. To curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2, it is preferable to apply targeted non-pharmaceutical interventions on selected economic sectors, rather than a full lockdown. However, the effect of these general and sector-specific interventions on the virus circulation has only been sparsely studied. We assess the COVID-19 incidence under different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions per economic activity during the autumn 2020 wave in Belgium. The 14-day incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases per the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE–BEL) sector is modelled by a longitudinal Gaussian-Gaussian two-stage approach. This is based on exhaustive data on all employees in all sectors. In the presence of sanitary protocols and minimal non-pharmaceutical interventions, many sectors with close contact with others show considerably higher COVID-19 14-day incidences than other sectors. The effect of stricter non-pharmaceutical interventions in the general population and non-essential sectors is seen in the timing of the peak incidence and the width and height of the post-peak incidence. In most sectors incidences returned to higher levels after the peak than before and this decrease took longer for the health and care sector. Sanitary protocols for close proximity occupations may be sufficient during periods of low-level virus circulation, but progressively less with increasing circulation. Stricter general and sector-specific non-pharmaceutical interventions adequately decrease COVID-19 incidences, even in close proximity in essential sectors under solely sanitary protocols.

scholarly journals LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN LATVIA BY THE KIND OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN 1996 - 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Einārs Ulnicāns
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Research Period

The labour productivity in its turn is the best feature of labour force efficiency in Latvia. Namely, gross domestic product or added value divided by average number of employed persons per year – both indicators in the whole country or in separate kind of economic activity. The research period is from 1996 to 2009. The kinds of economic activity are based on classification of Economic Activities in European Community (NACE). In order to perform objective productivity analysis all kinds of activities are divided in two groups – profit- oriented kinds of activity and state or regional government or society regulating or supporting kinds of activity.

Mapping and factoring the 2007 ATECO categories in regard to specialised human capital

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Luigi Fabbris ◽  
Paolo Feltrin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Competency Level

The paper describes an exercise of classification of a subset of five-digit categories of the 2007 ATECO classification system of economic activities. The analysis is grounded on the hypothesis that economic sectors can be clustered according to the competency level required to human resources recently working in industries or services in Italy. The analysis may be useful to evaluate a possible relationship between economic development and education. The analysis consisted of a mapping and then a clustering of the Ateco categories according to the between-distribution dissimilarity of any possible couple of categories. The basic idea was to highlight the Ateco categories that require either more education than others or more education and working experience (human capital) than others, pinpointing, in particular, the categories that require larger percentages of tertiary education and those residing close to territorial hubs. The competency level was measured with a combination of educational attainment and in-service experience of Italian employees, as defined by Istat, the Italian statistical institute. The employees’ educational level was evaluated with the frequency distribution of five (ordinal) classes of education of people employed in 2018 and 2019 in both private and public establishments and offices; the working experience with a logarithmic transform of the average number of in-service years of employees. The analysis highlighted both a sort of input-related classification of the economy and a supply-side classification of the labour market. The results are in line with the theory of the existence of a cluster of creative companies residing close to territorial hubs.

FEATURES OF MARINE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES IN THE CONTEXT OF MARINE NATURE-EXPLOITATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Kseneya Shurda
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Marine Policy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Characteristic Features

The purpose of marine economic activities is to obtain economic, social, scientific, political, military and other types of effect to ensure sustainable development of Ukraine. The article discusses the characteristic features of marine economic activities, substantiates the need to clarify the widely used concept of "marine activity", given in the "Marine Doctrine of Ukraine for the period up to 2035", offers a more correct interpretation of this concept. The necessity of coordinating the actions of the entities operating in the sea space and in the coastal zone, which carry out various types of marine economic activity, is proved, possible types of marine economic activity are given. It is proposed to use the National Classifier of Ukraine "Classification of Economic Activities Types" to create a classification scheme for types of marine economic activities. The advantages and disadvantages of its application are presented, as well as the possibility of forming on its basis a detailed classification of types marine economic activity. The necessity of integrated management of marine economic activity is substantiated in order to remove existing and prevent future contradictions, as well as to coordinate the actions of economic entities. It is shown that integrated management will fully ensure the rational use of the marine environment, its resources and sustainable development of seaside regions. Particular attention in the article is paid to the issues of ecologization of the marine economic complex on the basis of the inclusion an ecological factor in the financial-economic relations of marine economic activity and the stimulation of the rational use of marine resources. The priority tasks for the construction of an economic mechanism for marine nature-exploitation have been formulated, taking into account the peculiarities of the development the seaside regions of Ukraine, the national marine policy and types of marine activities. A system of tools is presented, which are the basis for the formation of an economic-ecological mechanism of marine nature-exploitation.

scholarly journals Economic effectiveness of the organization’s economic activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Anton Chepulaynis ◽  
Svetlana Boronenkova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Growth Indicators

The article examines the theoretical aspects of the economic effectiveness of the organization’s economic activity, presents the author’s definition of the concept. To reveal the essence of economic effectiveness, a systematization and classification of types of effectiveness are given. For each type of effectiveness, specific desired ratios and growth indicators (drivers) are indicated, which ensures the continuity and sustainable development of the business in the future.

scholarly journals Measuring the Efficiency of Tax Collection among Economic Sectors in Paraíba State Northeastern Brazil (2013-2015)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Bruno Ferreira Frascaroli
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Far East ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Frontier Analysis

This study investigates the efficiency of tax collection on operations related to the circulation of goods and interstate services (ICMS) in far east of Brazil, Paraíba State. The efficiency was estimated using quarterly data of the electronic invoices from the period of January 2013 to December 2015. In addition, we aim to identify levy’s key factors among distinct sectors, disaggregated into 489 sub-classes, according to the national classification of economic activities. It was used a stochastic frontier analysis which suggests that the average of the technical efficiency of the tax collection among sectors was 73.75% of the potential tax revenues. The amount of uncollected tax during the studied period were approximately US$7 billion. There is technical inefficiency of tax levy among important sectors of the economy of the state of Paraíba, demonstrated by 88.88% of inefficiency of tax collection itself. The sector comprehends clothing, wholesale of personal care products and leather shoes, among others. We verify that an increase of oversight actions by the tax collection agency helps to inhibit the inefficiency of tax levy.

The Political Economy of Media in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-205
Author(s):  
Çağrı Kaderoğlu Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Statistical Classification ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Political Economy Of Media ◽  
The Media

This study examines the infrastructural features of the media industry in Turkey in the 2000s. The study posits that the analysis of the inner workings of the media as an industrial-social institution is a way of understanding how the media is related with the overall system it is a part of. In order to do that, it is crucial to undertake the infrastructural mapping of the media. In this study, the dimensions of the media industry such as the branches of economic activity, geographical distribution, corporate structures and scales, employment, wages, gender distribution, and unionization levels are discussed as the basic indicators forming the infrastructure of the media industry. The datasets which the study is based on are taken from the NACE codes, which are used in the statistical classification of economic activities in Europe and are also valid for Turkey. The boundaries of media industry are defined through six basic branches of economic activity classified in NACE 18, 58, 59, 60, 63,73 codes and these fields of activity are discussed both by themselves and as a relational whole.

INFLUENCE OF POLISH ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION ON NONAGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE OPINION OF ENTREPRENEURS FORM PIOTRKÓW KUJAWSKI COMMUNE – SSELECTED PROBLEMS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 312-318
Author(s):  
Sławomir Zawisza ◽  
Agnieszka Paradzińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
General Number ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Eu

The paper presents the results of a survey which was carried out in May and June 2015. The respondents were 50 entrepreneurs randomly selected from the general number of 131 registered and 110 actively operating enterprises in the investigated region. The most important sources of information concerning the EU funds were: The Center of Agricultural Advisory in Minikowo and the Town Office in Piotrków Kujawski. In the opinion of the respondents the conditions for the development of entrepreneurship in Poland has significantly improved after accession to The European Union (68.0%). However, only 12.0% of the respondents have taken advantage of the EU funds available within RDP (Rural Development Plan) for the years 2004-2006 and 2007- 2013. For the majority of respondents, incomes from economic activity remained at the same level as before the integration with the EU (48.0%), whereas 46.0% of the entrepreneurs did notice an increase in their income. According to the respondents the benefits from integration with the European Union include: reduction of prices, duty and taxes (58.0%) and good changes in legislation (36.0%), caused by more consistent policy in relation to small and medium companies as well as better profitability of production (26.0%). A s far as difficulties are concerned, as many as (58.0%) of the respondents observed that a significant growth of competition caused by new economic activities in the close proximity and additional expenditures necessary to adjust to standard required by the European Union (24.0%). The great majority of the respondents (88.0%) did not take part in support programs of the UE, mainly because of their high complexity degree and bureaucracy and required procedures (82.0%).

scholarly journals OECD Structural Analysis Databases: Sectoral Principles in the Study of Markets for Goods and Services

2015 ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
M. D. Simonova
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Standard Industrial Classification ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Business Statistics ◽  
Wide Range

This study focuses on the characteristics of the information database of the OECD structural business statistics in the analysis of markets of goods and services, and macroeconomic trends. The system of indicators of structural statistics is presented in OECD publications and on-line access to a wide range of users. Collected data sources generated by the OECD offices are based on the national statistical offices of country-members, Russia and the BRICS. Data on the development of economic sectors are calculated according to the methodology of individual countries, regional and international standards: annual national accounts of countries, annual industry and business surveys, methodology of short-term indicators, statistics of international trade in goods. Data are aggregated on the basis of complex indicators statements of the enterprises' questionnaire and business surveys. Information system of structural statistics which is available and continuously updated, has certain features. It is composed of several subsystems: Structural Statistics on Industry and Services, EU entrepreneurship statistics, Indicators of Industry and Services, International Trade in Commodities Statistics. The grouping of industries is based on the International standard industrial classification of all economic activities (ISIC). Classification of foreign trade flows is made in accordance with the Harmonized system of description and coding of goods. The structural statistics databases comprise four classes of industries' grouping according to the technology intensity. The paper discusses the main reasons for the non-comparability of data in the subsystems in certain time intervals.

scholarly journals WASTE MANAGEMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
pp. 609-619
Author(s):  
V. Loiko ◽  
M. Bratko ◽  
Ye. Bobrov ◽  
A. Voitseshchuk ◽  
S. Maliar
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Economic Activities

Abstract. In the context of the transition from a linear model of the economy to circular issues of waste management and prospects for the development of circular economy, technologies are relevant and require further study. The article explores the necessity and advantages of introducing a circular economy model for further efficient development of the national economy. The trend in the volume of education and waste management in the territory of Ukraine for the period 2010—2019 was analyzed. The negative trends in the growth of generated waste over the study period by 4,49 % and the decrease in waste disposal by 25,86 % have been identified. An analysis was made of the development of the volumes of waste generation according to hazard classes in the territory of Ukraine for the period 2010—2019. which led to the conclusion that there was a positive trend of 2.51 times less generation of such wastes. The trend in waste generation by type of economic activity of enterprises and in households for the period 2010—2019 was analyzed. The most significant increase in waste generation by 12,41% was found in the mining industry and quarrying. The trend in environmental protection expenditure in Ukraine by type of economic activity for the period 2010—2019 was analyzed. This has made it possible to identify the most cost-effective economic activities. A classification of technologies of circular economy is proposed, which distinguishes technologies aimed at recycling already accumulated industrial and household waste, technologies aimed at reducing the toxic load on the environment, and eco-design technologies. Based on the situation of waste management prevailing in the territory of Ukraine, it is proposed that priority be given to the development and introduction of technology aimed at the recycling of already accumulated industrial and household waste. Keywords: waste management,linear economy, circular economy, waste-free technologies, state, development, prospects. JEL Classіfіcatіon Q32, Q51 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 6; bibl.: 28.

Die Ökonomie des Zwischenlandes.

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (183) ◽  
pp. 289-305
Author(s):  
Angela Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Security Control ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Migration Politics ◽  
European Migration

The following article is based on my fieldwork in Morocco and represents anthropological data collected amongst undocumented sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco. They want to enter Europe in search for a better life for themselves and to provide financial support for their families. Due to heavy border security control and repression, they find themselves trapped at the gates of Europe, where they are trying to survive by engaging in various economic activities in the informal sector. The article begins with an overview of the European migration politics in Africa and the geopolitical and historical context of Morocco, in light of the externalization of European border control. I will then analyze the various economic sectors, in which sub-Saharan migrations are active, as well as smuggling networks, informal camps and remittances, on which they largely depend due to the exclusion from the national job market.

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