Childhood Rotavirus Infection Associated with Temperature and Particulate Matter 2.5 µm: A Retrospective Cohort Study

No study has ever investigated how ambient temperature and PM2.5 mediate rotavirus infection (RvI) in children. We used insurance claims data from Taiwan in 2006–2012 to evaluate the RvI characteristics in children aged ≤ 9. The RvI incidence rates were higher in colder months, reaching the highest in March (117.0/100 days), and then declining to the lowest in July (29.2/100 days). The age–sex-specific average incident cases were all higher in boys than in girls. Stratified analysis by temperature (<20, 20–24, and ≥25 °C) and PM2.5 (<17.5, 17.5–31.4, 31.5–41.9, and ≥42.0 μg/m3) showed that the highest incidence was 16.4/100 days at average temperatures of <20 °C and PM2.5 of 31.5–41.9 μg/m3, with Poisson regression analysis estimating an adjusted relative risk (aRR) of 1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–1.43), compared to the incidence at the reference condition (<20 °C and PM2.5 < 17.5 μg/m3). As the temperature increased, the incident RvI cases reduced to 4.84 cases/100 days (aRR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.35–0.45) when it was >25 °C with PM2.5 < 17.5 μg/m3, or to 9.84/100 days (aRR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.77–0.93) when it was >25 °C with PM2.5 > 42 μg/m3. The seasonal RvI is associated with frequent indoor personal contact among children in the cold months. The association with PM2.5 could be an alternative assessment due to temperature inversion.

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Incidence and Trends of the Leading Cancers with Elevated Incidence Among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations, 2012–2016

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwaa222 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie C Melkonian ◽

Hannah K Weir ◽

Melissa A Jim ◽

Bailey Preikschat ◽

Donald Haverkamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

American Indian ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Alaska Native ◽

Cancer Registries ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Age Adjusted Rates ◽

Incident Cases ◽

Hispanic White

Abstract Cancer incidence varies among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations, as well as between AI/AN and White populations. This study examined trends for cancers with elevated incidence among AI/AN compared with non-Hispanic White populations and estimated potentially avoidable incident cases among AI/AN populations. Incident cases diagnosed during 2012–2016 were identified from population-based cancer registries and linked with the Indian Health Service patient registration databases to improve racial classification of AI/AN populations. Age-adjusted rates (per 100,000) and trends were calculated for cancers with elevated incidence among AI/AN compared with non-Hispanic White populations (rate ratio >1.0), by region. Trends were estimated using joinpoint regression analyses. Expected cancers were estimated by applying age-specific cancer incidence rates among non-Hispanic White populations to population estimates for AI/AN populations. Excess cancer cases among AI/AN populations were defined as observed minus expected cases. Liver, stomach, kidney, lung, colorectal and female breast cancers had higher incidence rate among AI/AN populations across most regions. Between 2012 and 2016, nearly 5,200 excess cancers were diagnosed among AI/AN populations, with the largest number of excess cancers (1,925) occurring in the Southern Plains region. Culturally informed efforts may reduce cancer disparities associated with these and other cancers among AI/AN populations.

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POS0803 TRENDS IN THE INCIDENCE OF GIANT CELL ARTERITIS ACROSS SEVEN DECADES AND CHANGES IN DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 654.1-654

Author(s):

T. Garvey ◽

C. S. Crowson ◽

M. Koster ◽

K. J. Warrington

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell Arteritis ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Large Vessel ◽

Vessel Imaging ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Diagnostic Modalities ◽

Incident Cases

Background:Diagnostic methods for giant cell arteritis (GCA) have evolved over recent decades, and large vessel imaging plays an increasing role in disease detection.Objectives:This study aims to estimate the incidence of GCA over the past 10 years in a population and compare it to preceding incidence estimates. It also explores trends in the diagnostic modalities used to identify GCA.Methods:A pre-existing population-based cohort of patients diagnosed with GCA between 1950 and 2009 was extended with incident cases from 2010 to 2019. The diagnosis of GCA was confirmed by review of medical records of patients with ICD9/10 codes for GCA between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2019. Incident cases that met either one of the following sets of inclusion criteria were added to the cohort: one, American College of Rheumatology 1990 GCA classification criteria; or two, patients aged ≥50 years with elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein and radiographic evidence of large vessel vasculitis attributed to GCA. Incident cases were classified into one of three groups: group 1, temporal artery biopsy (TAB) positive; group 2, TAB negative or not done with positive large-vessel imaging; or group 3, clinical diagnosis of GCA.Results:The study cohort included 305 patients diagnosed with GCA from 1950 until 2019. Fifty-five incident cases were diagnosed between 2010 and 2019; 37 females (67%) and 18 males (33%). The age and sex adjusted incidence rates (95% CI) per 100,000 between 2010 and 2019 for females, males, and the total population were 13.0 (8.8, 17.3), 8.6 (4.6, 12.7), and 10.8 (8.0, 13.7), respectively. The corresponding incidence rates from 2000-2009 were 28.0 (21.0, 35.1), 10.2 (5.0, 15.5), and 20.5 (15.9, 25.1), respectively. This represents a significant decline in the incidence rates in females (p<0.001) and the total group (p<0.001) between the 2000-2009 and 2010-2019 cohorts but no change in males (p=0.64). Of the 55 patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019, there were 37 (67%) in group 1, 10 (18%) in group 2, and 8 (15%) in group 3. In contrast, of the 250 patients diagnosed between 1950 and 2009 there were 209 (84%) in group 1, 4 (2%) in group 2, and 37 (15%) in group 3. There was a significant difference between the 1950-2009 and 2010-2019 cohorts in the composition of these groups (p<0.001).Conclusion:In this population-based cohort of patients with GCA diagnosed over a 70-year period, the incidence of GCA has declined in recent years. The total decline is driven by a decline in females but not in males. The reasons for this are unclear but should be followed over time and investigated in other population-based cohorts. There has also been a shift in the diagnostic modalities for GCA. In recent years, there are fewer TAB positive patients, and more patients diagnosed with large vessel imaging. This is the first population-based incidence cohort demonstrating a trend towards increased use of large vessel imaging for the diagnosis of GCA.References:[1]Chandran AK, et al. Incidence of Giant Cell Arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over a 60-year period 1950-2009. Scand J Rheumatol. 2015;44(3):215-218.[2]Gonzalez-Gay MA, et al. Giant cell arteritis: is the clinical spectrum of the disease changing? BMC Geriatr. 2019; Jul 29;19(1):200.[3]Rubenstein E, et al. Sensitivity of temporal artery biopsy in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: a systemic literature review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 May 1:59(5):1011-1020.Figure 1.Trends in the incidence of GCA in Olmsted County by sex (1950-2019).Acknowledgements:This study was made possible using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, which is supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number R01 AG034676, and CTSA Grant Number UL1 TR000135 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the NIH. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.Disclosure of Interests:Thomas Garvey: None declared, Cynthia S. Crowson: None declared, Matthew Koster: None declared, Kenneth J Warrington Grant/research support from: Clinical research support from Eli Lilly and Kiniksa

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A cohort study on diet and the risk of Parkinson's disease: the role of food groups and diet quality

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512000955 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 329-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

K. Sääksjärvi ◽

P. Knekt ◽

A. Lundqvist ◽

S. Männistö ◽

M. Heliövaara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Food Groups ◽

Incident Cases

Previous studies on individual foods and nutrients and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk have been inconsistent. Furthermore, only one study has examined the association between the quality of diet and PD. We investigated the prediction of food groups and diet quality on PD in the Finnish Mobile Clinic Survey (1966–72). The population comprised 4524 individuals, aged 40–79 years and free from PD at baseline. Data collection included health examinations, a questionnaire and a 1-year dietary history interview. A modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index was formed to assess diet quality. Statistical analyses were based on Cox's model. During a 41-year follow-up, eighty-five incident cases of PD occurred. No statistically significant associations were found between PD incidence and most of the food groups examined. A few exceptions were fruits and berries in men and milk in women, which showed positive associations. An inverse association between the intake of meat products and PD was found in women. The diet quality index did not predict PD, the adjusted relative risk between the highest and lowest quartiles being 1·83 (95 % CI 0·65, 5·18) in men and 0·97 (95 % CI 0·38, 2·48) in women. The present study suggests that since most of the single food groups or the quality of diet did not predict PD occurrence, the role of diet is apparently rather modest.

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The trends in global, regional, and national incidence of pneumoconiosis caused by different etiologies: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

10.21203/rs.2.17264/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Peng Shi ◽

Xiaoyue Xing ◽

Shuhua Xi ◽

Hongmei Jing ◽

Jiamei Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Health Concern ◽

Global Burden ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

The World ◽

Disease Study ◽

Incident Cases

Abstract Pneumoconiosis has the potential to cause progressive and permanent physical disability. And continues to be one of major public health concern across the world. However, our literature searches identified a scarcity of data about global prevalence of pneumoconiosis. Accurate data on the incidence of pneumoconiosis is critical for health resource planning and health policy development. We therefore aimed to determine the pattern of pneumoconiosis incidence and temporal trends. Methods: Annual incident cases and age standardized incidence rates on pneumoconiosis etiology between 1990-2017 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. We calculate the average annual percentage changes of age standardized incidence rates by sex, region, and etiology to determine incidence trends of pneumoconiosis. Results: Globally, the number of pneumoconiosis cases increased 66.0% from 36,186 in 1990 to 60,055 in 2017. The overall age standardized incidence rate decreased by an average 0.6% (95% CI: 0.5%, 0.6%) per year in the same period. The age standardized incidence rate of silicosis, asbestosis, and other pneumoconiosis decreased between 1990 and 2017. The corresponding average annual percentage changes were -0.8%, -0.9%, and -0.5%, respectively. The age standardized incidence rate of asbestosis displayed an increasing trend. At the same time, we also found a significant negative association was found between average annual percentage changes and socio-demographic indexs when the socio-demographic index above 0.7. Conclusions: Pneumoconiosis remains a major occupational health illnesses in the world. Incidence patterns of pneumoconiosis caused by different etiologies were heterogeneous across regions and countries. We observed an unfavorable trend that asbestosis was predominant in countries with a high socio-demographic index, though we have attained great achievements in silicosis and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis prevention. The information in this study suggests that some countries should establish more targeted and specific strategies to forestall the increase in pneumoconiosis.

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Tularemia transmission to humans: a multifaceted surveillance approach

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268818002492 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 (16) ◽

pp. 2139-2145 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. Akhvlediani ◽

I. Burjanadze ◽

D. Baliashvili ◽

T. Tushishvili ◽

M. Broladze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Notifiable Disease ◽

Surveillance Studies ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Acute Infections ◽

System 2 ◽

Incident Cases

AbstractTularemia has sustained seroprevalence in Eurasia, with estimates as high as 15% in endemic regions. The purpose of this report is to characterise the current epidemiology of Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica in Georgia. Three surveillance activities are summarised: (1) acute infections captured in Georgia's notifiable disease surveillance system, (2) infectious disease seroprevalence study of military volunteers, and (3) a study of seroprevalence and risk factors in endemic regions. Descriptive analyses of demographic, exposure and clinical factors were conducted for the surveillance studies; bivariate analyses were computed to identify risk factors of seropositivity using likelihood ratio χ2 tests or Fisher's exact tests. Of the 19 incident cases reported between 2014 and August 2017, 10 were confirmed and nine met the presumptive definition; the estimated annual incidence was 0.12/100 000. The first cases of tularemia in Western Georgia were reported. Seroprevalences of antibodies for F. tularensis were 2.0% for military volunteers and 5.0% for residents in endemic regions. Exposures correlated with seropositivity included work with hay and contact with multiple types of animals. Seroprevalence studies conducted periodically may enhance our understanding of tularemia in countries with dramatically underestimated incidence rates.

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Total, Gender- and Age-specific Incidence Rates of Upper Extremity Nerve Injuries in Finland

10.21203/rs.3.rs-130850/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kirsi Wiman ◽

Sina Hulkkonen ◽

Jouko Miettunen ◽

Juha Auvinen ◽

Jaro Karppinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upper Extremity ◽

Nerve Injury ◽

Normal Population ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Nerve Injuries ◽

Diagnosis Codes ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Working Age ◽

And Gender ◽

Incident Cases

Abstract Nerve injuries of the upper extremity can cause significant motor and sensory deficits that may lead to personal suffering and work disability with increased healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of nerve injuries of the upper extremity in the whole population of Finland (1998–2016). Data based on diagnosis codes were obtained from the Care Register for Health Care, including incident cases of median, radial, ulnar, musculocutaneous, axillary, and digital nerves. Age- and gender-specific incidence rates, both crude and standardised (for the European normal population in 2011), were calculated as well as the level of the nerve injuries in the upper extremity. Our study included 13,458 patients with upper extremity nerve injury. The mean standardised incidence rate of any upper extremity nerve injury was 1.18 among men and 0.05 among women per 100,000 person-years over the study period. The incidence peaked among men at working age. The most common nerve injury level was the fingers and thumb, with 5,533 cases and mean standardised incidence rates per 100,000 person-years of 0.51 among men and 0.19 among women.

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Rotavirus vaccination impact, Ireland, implications for vaccine confidence and screening

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 281-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Heather E Burns ◽

Abigail M Collins ◽

Una B Fallon ◽

Paul V Marsden ◽

Caitlin M Ni Shuilleabhain

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Rotavirus Vaccine ◽

Immunization Schedule ◽

Primary Immunization ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Rotavirus vaccine efficacy is well established. However, it is important to consistently demonstrate the positive impact of vaccination programmes in order to optimize uptake rates and combat vaccine hesitancy. Methods Routine data were used to examine rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in Ireland, including changes in age-specific crude incidence rates (CIRs), hospitalizations and hospital length of stay. National intussusception incidence was interrogated. Vaccination status of vaccine-eligible cases of rotavirus infection was determined. Results Nationally, a reduction in the CIR of rotavirus infection of 77.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 57.8–88.5%, P<0.001] was observed post-inclusion of the rotavirus vaccine in the primary immunization schedule. A decrease in hospitalizations of 85.5% (95% CI 79.3–90.2%, P<0.001), 86.5% (95% CI 82.9–89.4%, P<0.001) and 78.5% (95% CI 74.7–81.9%, P<0.001) was observed in children aged <1, <2 and <5 years, respectively. Most hospitalizations occurred in infants too young to have been vaccinated. There was no significant difference in median length of stay for children hospitalized with rotavirus infection. Decreased CIRs and hospitalization rates in unvaccinated children aged between 2 and 5 years suggest community immunity. Vaccine non-protection was 0.13%. No increase in the national CIR of intussusception was observed. Conclusions Inclusion of the rotavirus vaccine in the Irish primary immunization schedule has resulted in a significant reduction in the burden of rotavirus infection. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a concern. With new vaccination programmes, risk of vaccine harms should be considered and mitigated in order to protect individuals and the integrity of the programme.

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Analysis of Breslow Tumor Thickness Distribution of Skin Melanoma in the Italian Region of Romagna, 1986–1991

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089169408000602 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 80 (6) ◽

pp. 416-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ignazio Stanganelli ◽

Antonio Ascari Raccagni ◽

Laura Baldassari ◽

Donato Calista ◽

Monica Serafini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thickness Distribution ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma ◽

Skin Melanoma ◽

Italian Region ◽

Major Implication ◽

Incident Cases ◽

Southern European Countries

Aims and Background In southern European countries, the availability of epidemiologic data on cutaneous malignant melanoma is limited. A descriptive analysis was performed on melanoma cases diagnosed in the Italian region of Romagna (population 600,000), 1986-91. Methods The main end point was the proportion of cases less than 1.5 mm thick by sex, age, and site. Results A total of 297 incident cases was evaluated. The average annual age-standardized (World) incidence rates were 6.2 (95% CI 5.2–7.2) per 100,000 females and 4.5 (95% CI 3.6–5.3) per 100,000 males. Females presented with significantly thinner melanomas than males. The proportion of cases less than 1.5 mm thick decreased significantly with increasing age in both sexes, with the most pronounced decrease (approximately from 2/3 to 1/3) being observed above 60 years for females and above 40 for males. Comparing sexes by 10-year age groups, a significant F:M advantage in thickness distribution was found only at age 40–49 and 50–59 years. Among females under 60, melanomas of the legs and those of the trunk showed no difference in thickness distribution, in both sexes, incidence appeared to increase progressively with age. No apparent elevation in incidence rates was observed in the age groups with the highest frequency of thin melanomas. Conclusions The major implication of these data is that in public education programs specific messages should be aimed at those subgroups that show the poorest levels of self-surveillance.

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Brief Report: Increase in Melanoma Incidence in Ontario

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1203475418773360 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 476-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Annie Langley ◽

Linda Levesque ◽

Tara Baetz ◽

Yuka Asai

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Linear Modeling ◽

The Past ◽

Melanoma Incidence ◽

Ontario Cancer Registry ◽

Using Data ◽

Incident Cases ◽

Age And Sex

Background:Melanoma is a serious, potentially lethal disease. It is one of very few common cancers whose incidence is rising in North America.Objectives:The objective of this study was to examine trends in melanoma incidence in Ontario, Canada’s most populous province, over the past 20 years.Methods:Using data from the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR), this retrospective cohort examined all incident cases of melanoma in Ontario from 1990 to 2012. Generalized linear modeling was used to evaluate changes in melanoma incidence over time, adjusting for age and sex using direct standardization with the 1991 Canadian census population. Tests for trend for changes in the distribution of cases by age, sex, socioeconomic status, and rurality status were also calculated.Results:Our results show a statistically significant increasing incidence of melanoma in Ontario from 9.3 cases per 100 000 in 1990 to 18.0 cases per 100 000 in 2012 ( P for trend <.001, adjusted for age and sex). Incidence rates show stabilization from 2010 to 2012.Conclusion:Our study reveals a marked increase in melanoma incidence in Ontario, more than doubling over the past 20 years but with a stabilization more recently. Adequate availability of dermatology services may be important to ensure satisfactory care for the increased caseload and to ensure that cases may detected at an early stage with a good prognosis.

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Binge Drinking and Risk of Breast Cancer: Results from the SUN (‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’) Project

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030731 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 731

Author(s):

Rodrigo Sánchez-Bayona ◽

Alfredo Gea ◽

Itziar Gardeazabal ◽

Andrea Romanos-Nanclares ◽

Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

The Sun ◽

Stratified Analysis ◽

Incident Cases

Alcohol intake is associated with the risk of breast cancer. Different patterns of alcohol-drinking may have different effects on breast cancer even when keeping constant the total amount of alcohol consumed. We aimed to assess the association between binge drinking and breast cancer risk. The SUN Project is a Spanish dynamic prospective cohort of university graduates initiated in 1999. In the 556-item lifestyle baseline questionnaire a validated food-frequency questionnaire was embedded. Participants completed biennial follow-up questionnaires. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for breast cancer associated with the exposure to binge drinking. A stratified analysis was performed according to menopausal status. We included 9577 women (mean age = 34 years, SD = 10 years), with a median follow-up of 11.8 years. Among 104,932 women-years of follow-up, we confirmed 88 incident cases of breast cancer. Women in the binge drinking group showed a higher risk of breast cancer (HR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.03–2.99) compared to women in the non-binge drinking category. In the stratified analysis, a 2-fold higher risk for premenopausal breast cancer was associated with binge drinking habit (HR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.11–3.82). This study adds new evidence on the association of binge drinking with breast cancer risk.

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