Maladaptive Daydreaming in Relation to Linguistic Features and Attachment Style

(1) Background: Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is a concept that describes a significant imaginary activity that replaces human engagement and/or interferes with academic, interpersonal, or vocational functioning. We explored the interaction between attachment style, reflective functioning (RF), and the narrative dimension of MD. (2) Methods: 414 adults completed an online survey, including socio-demographic variables, the 16-item Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, Relationship Questionnaire, and Reflective Functioning Questionnaire. Participants were asked to write a short description of the most representative episodes of their daydreams. Eighty-four participants were identified as maladaptive daydreamers (MDers). (3) Results: A set of t-tests between MDers and non-MDers group showed differences in attachment dimensions, RF, and linguistic measures. A linear regression model with Global Severity Index (GSI) of the revised Symptom Checklist-90 as the dependent variable, and psychological scales as independent variables showed that the MD score was the strongest predictor of GSI. Regarding differences between the two groups in linguistic measures, the MDers showed more use of reflection and sensory-somatic words, and a smaller number of affective words. (4) Conclusions: These results support the idea that the MD is a process connected to psychopathological mechanisms, probably to a sub-symbolic activation, and to dysfunctional self–other relational patterns that are difficult to integrate.

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Fibromyalgia and psychopathology

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73363-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1659-1659

Author(s):

D. Guerro-Prado ◽

N. Echeverria ◽

L. Jiménez ◽

M. Leira ◽

E. García-Resa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Severity Index ◽

Positive Symptom ◽

Symptom Checklist ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Global Severity Index ◽

Paranoid Ideation

IntroductionFibromyalgia seems to be associated with various forms of psychopathology, particularly major affective disorders.ObjectiveTo evaluate associated psychopathology in a series of women with diagnosis of fibromyalgia.MethodsPatient inclusion from 1st March to 30th June 2010. Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) was used for evaluation. SPSS was used for statistical analysis of data and results.ResultsA total of 34 women voluntarily joined our study. Mean age was 52.2 years (standard deviation (SD) 7.17). 11.4% were singled, 74.3% married or unmarried couples, 8.6% were divorced, and 5.7% were widowers. 74.3% of women lived with their couple and/or children whereas 8.6% lived by their own, and 8.6% with their parents. Results obtained with SCL-90-R showed:Global Severity Index (GSI) 1.86 (Standard Deviation (SD) 0.54); Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI) 2.58 (SD 0.36); Positive Symptom Total (PST) 167.85 (SD 49.30); Somatization (SOM) 2.62 (SD 0.53); Obsessive-Compulsive (O-C) 2.59 (SD 0.78); Interpersonal Sensitivity (I-S) 1.50 (SD 0.86); Depression (DEP) 2.5 (SD 0.75); Anxiety (ANX) 1.75 (SD 0.74); Hostility (HOS) 1.11 (SD 0.82); Phobic Anxiety (PHOB) 1.09 (SD 0.84); Paranoid Ideation (PAR) 1.11 (SD 0.85); Psychoticism (PSY) 1.05 (SD 0.62), and other vague symptoms 2.15 (SD 0.70).ConclusionOur patients with fibromyalgia scored higher in somatization, obsession-compulsion, depression, and anxiety. In view of the results, there is an important association between fibromyalgia and various forms of psychopathology.

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Argentinian mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A screening study of the general population during two periods of quarantine

Clinical Psychology in Europe ◽

10.32872/cpe.4519 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Martín Juan Etchevers ◽

Cristian Javier Garay ◽

Natalia Inés Putrino ◽

Natalia Helmich ◽

Gabriela Lunansky

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Drug Users ◽

Online Survey ◽

Graphical Model ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Severity Index ◽

Global Severity Index ◽

Period 2

Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Argentina has been under mandatory quarantine. We have aimed to investigate the state of mental health of the Argentine population and the behaviours adopted to cope with mental distress during quarantine. Method An online survey was conducted using a probabilistic sampling technique and stratified according to the geographic regions of the country. The survey covered days 7-11 (n = 2,631) and days 50-55 (n = 2,068) after compulsory quarantine. The psychological impact was measured using the 27-item Symptom CheckList (SCL-27), which provides a Global Severity Index (GSI). An ad hoc questionnaire registered problematic, healthy and other behaviours. Two network models were estimated using a Mixed Graphical Model. Data from the two periods were compared and analysed. Outcomes Higher GSI scores and greater risk of experiencing mental disorder were found in Period 2 as compared with Period 1. The lowest GSI scores were associated with physical activity in both periods, and meditation and yoga in Period 1. Drug users reported the highest GSI scores in both periods. The Network Comparison Test confirmed a significant change in symptomatology structure over the two quarantine periods. Conclusion This study showed that psychological symptoms and the risk of experiencing mental disorder increased significantly from Period 1 to Period 2. Network analysis suggested that the quarantine might have brought about changes in the relationships between symptoms. Overall results revealed the relevance of mental health and the need to take mental health actions upon imposing quarantine during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

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IMPACT OF COVID19 ON PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SLEEP HEALTH OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL STUDENTS

10.36106/gjra/9311243 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 114-116

Author(s):

Suman Yadav ◽

Pooja Rani ◽

Usha Verma ◽

Purushottam Jangra ◽

Sureshkanta Rathi

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Severity Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northern India ◽

Sleep Abnormalities ◽

Psychological Scales ◽

Peritraumatic Distress ◽

Anxiety Depression

The objective of this study was to evaluatey the distress, anxiety, depression, and sleep impact of COVID19 pandemic on medical and paramedical students via an online survey. This prospective cross-sectional study included 382 (115 male and 267 female) participants and was conducted at University of Health Sciences, in northern India, through an online survey using three psychological scales- Peritraumatic distress Inventory (PDI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The respondents included phase one and two students from various streams namely M.B.B.S (n=208; 53.47%), B.D.S (n=62; %), Nursing (n=91; 6%) and technical courses (n=21; 5.7%). One ninety-eight students (51.8%) suffered mild to severe stress, 161(42.1%) suffered anxiety, 169(44.2%) were depressed and 189(49.5%) students suffered some degree of insomnia. There was no difference in psychological and sleep morbidities in subgroup analysis of gender, residence and stream of medical education. CONCLUSION: The psychological morbidity is high in medical and paramedical students in terms of anxiety, depression, mental distress and sleep abnormalities in response to COVID-19 pandemic. The students should be counselled regarding mental health at regular interval and professional help should be taken when necessary.

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Relationship between Attachment Style, Parental Bonding and Alexithymia in Adults with Somatoform Disorders

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.2190/pm.38.4.d ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 437-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Francisco Pedrosa Gil ◽

Carl Eduard Scheidt ◽

Diether Hoeger ◽

Marius Nickel

Keyword(s):

Attachment Style ◽

Somatoform Disorders ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Parental Bonding ◽

Severity Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Global Severity Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Background: This study examines the relationship between parental bonding, adult attachment, and alexithymia in patients with Somatoform Disorders (SFD). There are few empirical studies to support the clinical hypothesis that alexithymia may be due to disturbances in the early parent-child relationship. Sampling and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, data from 76 patients with SFD were obtained, consisting of questionnaire measures of alexithymia (TAS scale), attachment style (BFKE), and also the German version of the MOPS (Measure of Parental Style), the FDEB scale for measuring perceived parental attitude. Results: A higher than average prevalence of insecure attachment (n = 67, 88.2%) was found in our sample with SFD and a T-value of 54.3 (9.5) in the TAS total score, 22% reaching clinically significant alexithymia. Regression analyses demonstrated the relationship between the “ambivalent clinging” and “ambivalent withdrawing” attachment style and more marked alexithymia features. Furthermore, alexithymia was positively predicted by “indifference” in the relationship to the father, BDI, and Global severity index (SCL-90-R). Conclusion: The results of this study support the hypothesis that alexithymia is associated with perceived parental bonding and attachment style.

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Predictors of Broad Dimensions of Psychopathology among Patients with Panic Disorder after Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2018/5183834 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sei Ogawa ◽

Masaki Kondo ◽

Keiko Ino ◽

Risa Imai ◽

Toshitaka Ii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Panic Disorder ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Severity Index ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Symptom Checklist ◽

Global Severity Index ◽

Wide Range ◽

Factor Index

Background. Many patients with panic disorder meet criteria for at least one other diagnosis, most commonly other anxiety or mood disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the best empirically supported psychotherapy for panic disorder. There is now evidence indicating that cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder yields positive benefits upon comorbid disorders.Objectives. The present study aimed to examine the predictors of broad dimensions of psychopathology in panic disorder after cognitive-behavioral therapy.Methods. Two hundred patients affected by panic disorder were treated with manualized group cognitive-behavioral therapy. We examined if the baseline personality dimensions of NEO Five Factor Index predicted the subscales of Symptom Checklist-90 Revised at endpoint using multiple regression analysis based on the intention-to-treat principle.Results. Conscientiousness score of NEO Five Factor Index at baseline was a predictor of four Symptom Checklist-90 Revised subscales including obsessive-compulsive (β=-0.15,P<0.01), depression (β=-0.13,P<0.05), phobic anxiety (β=-0.15,P<0.05), and Global Severity Index (β=-0.13,P<0.05).Conclusion. Conscientiousness at baseline may predict several dimensions of psychopathology in patients with panic disorder after cognitive-behavioral therapy. For the purpose of improving a wide range of psychiatric symptoms with patients affected by panic disorder, it may be useful to pay more attention to this personal trait at baseline.

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379 Do Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Association Between Insomnia and Physical Activity?

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A150-A151

Author(s):

Jamie Walker ◽

Rebecca Campbell ◽

Ivan Vargas

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Online Survey ◽

Longitudinal Design ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severity Index ◽

Future Research ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Insomnia and depression are highly comorbid and have been shown to be independently associated with lower levels of physical activity. It is not clear, however, if being less physically active is a risk factor for or consequence of depression and insomnia. The factors that explain the associations between insomnia, depression, and physical activity are likely complex and overlapping. For example, insomnia may predict inactivity by impacting one’s energy levels, leaving them too tired to exercise. Insomnia may also interfere with one’s motivation to exercise due to low mood, as insomnia is associated with the development of depressive symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether depression mediated the link between insomnia and low levels of physical activity. Methods A national online survey was conducted from April-June 2020. Participants completed surveys to assess demographics, mood, sleep, and physical activity. Depressive symptoms were estimated with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Insomnia symptoms were estimated with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Physical activity levels were estimated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Analyses were conducted using multiple linear regression, with separate models for depression, insomnia, and the combination of the two, on levels of physical activity. Results 3,952 adults (Mage = 46.9 years) completed the survey. According to the unadjusted models, greater insomnia symptoms were associated with greater depressive symptoms (b = 0.4523, SE = 0.019593, p < .001), and lower levels of physical activity (b = -38.741, SE = 18.236, p = 0.0337). The relationship between insomnia and physical activity was no longer significant, however, when controlling for depression (b = -6.140, SE = 19.274, p = 0.75). According to the mediation analyses, there was an indirect effect of insomnia on physical activity that was explained by differences in depressive symptoms (Sobel Test = -4.895, SE = 6.518, p < .001). Conclusion Our findings support previous research indicating associations between symptoms of insomnia and depression and physical activity. Future research should examine if these same results hold using a longitudinal design. Support (if any) Vargas: K23HL141581

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Long-COVID Syndrome? A Study on the Persistence of Neurological, Psychological and Physiological Symptoms

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9050575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 575

Author(s):

Graziella Orrù ◽

Davide Bertelloni ◽

Francesca Diolaiuti ◽

Federico Mucci ◽

Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Online Survey ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Severity Index ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Targeted Treatments ◽

Euroqol 5D

Background: Emerging aspects of the Covid-19 clinical presentation are its long-term effects, which are characteristic of the so-called “long COVID”. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of physical, psychological, and sleep disturbances and the quality of life in the general population during the ongoing pandemic. Methods: This study, based on an online survey, collected demographic data, information related to COVID-19, sleep disturbances, and quality of life data from 507 individuals. The level of sleep disturbances and quality of life was assessed through the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), respectively. Results: In total, 507 individuals (M = 91 and F = 416 women) completed the online survey. The main symptoms associated with “long COVID” were headache, fatigue, muscle aches/myalgia, articular pains, cognitive impairment, loss of concentration, and loss of smell. Additionally, the subjects showed significant levels of insomnia (p < 0.05) and an overall reduced quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study appear in line with recent publications, but uncertainty regarding the definition and specific features of “long COVID” remains. Further studies are needed in order to better define the clinical presentation of the “long COVID” condition and related targeted treatments.

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Tinnitus Impact: Three Different Measurement Tools

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1715725 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (04) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Christopher D. Bauch ◽

Susan G. Lynn ◽

Donald E. Williams ◽

Michael W. Mellon ◽

Amy L. Weaver

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Severity Index ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Symptom Checklist ◽

Tinnitus Handicap Inventory ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Medical Population ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

The impact of tinnitus and overall levels of distress were measured with three assessment tools for patients with tinnitus. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and an activities limitations questionnaire were administered to 53 audiology patients reporting tinnitus. Forty-three percent of these patients experienced either quality of life reductions associated with tinnitus, substantial perceived handicap, and/or a high level of distress. Results from the General Severity Index (GSI) of the SCL-90-R indicated that 25% of these patients displayed distress greater than that of the general medical population. The SCL-90-R can be a useful tool for audiologists working with tinnitus patients in assessing needs for referral for psychological or psychiatric counseling.

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Gamblers’ aces in the hole: the effect of erroneous cognitions on dysfunctional gambling

Journal of Social Marketing ◽

10.1108/jsocm-08-2015-0061 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 83-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donata Tania Vergura

Keyword(s):

Problem Gambling ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Online Survey ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Severity Index ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Future Research ◽

Gambling Behaviour ◽

Content Type ◽

Gambling Involvement

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether gambler’s cognitive errors affect gambling involvement and addiction. As the popularity of gambling has grown, questions are being raised about its excessive use and factors related to addictive behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey on 508 gamblers was conducted. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the relationships among gambling beliefs, gambling involvement and problem gambling. Findings – Among the three sets of erroneous beliefs investigated, luck and superstition were significant predictors of both gambling involvement and the severity of gambling problems (according to the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI)), while the illusion of control showed a negative relationship with the PGSI. Moreover, gambling involvement positively affected the potential risk of disease and mediates the relationship between luck and superstition and PGSI. Research limitations/implications – Because not all cognitive dimensions apparently influence gambling behaviour, future research should extend the analysis to include other variables that may moderate or mediate the causal relationship. Practical implications – The results are useful to marketers in developing social marketing campaigns wishing to discourage gambling. Moreover, factors that influence gambling involvement and addiction may be used as diagnostic tools to correct gamblers behaviour. Originality/value – The paper proposes a deeper exploration of the relationships among beliefs, gambling involvement and dysfunctional gambling and an appropriate scale to capture the entire spectrum of gambler’s beliefs in relation to every form of gambling activity.

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The Impact of Australian Psychologists’ Education, Beliefs, Theoretical Understanding, and Attachment on the Use and Implementation of Exposure Therapy

Behaviour Change ◽

10.1017/bec.2020.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 151-170

Author(s):

Clancy Rowe ◽

Maria Kangas

Keyword(s):

Attachment Style ◽

Online Survey ◽

Exposure Therapy ◽

University Education ◽

Future Research ◽

Specific Training ◽

Theoretical Understanding ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Cognitive Behaviour ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of university education, exposure specific training, and beliefs about exposure therapy (ET) in relation to the frequency, duration, and intense delivery of ET by Australian psychologists. Associations between clinicians’ use of and theoretical conceptualisation of ET, and attachment style were also evaluated. A total of 115 Australian psychologists (N = 94 females) completed an online survey. Findings revealed that a majority of participants used cognitive behaviour therapy (93%) and ET (88%) to treat anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. The majority who used ET (90%) reported using therapist-assisted in vivo exposure with clients. Findings also showed that therapists spend 42% of session time on exposure. Moreover, therapists who reported more comprehensive training had more positive beliefs about ET. Positive beliefs about ET, and clearer conceptualisation of treatment, were related to greater use and more intense implementation of ET. Psychologists with a more preoccupied or dismissive attachment style were less likely to deliver intense ET. The findings suggest that ET-specific training may be a powerful medium to improving the adoption and application of ET. Clinician's theoretical conceptualisation of ET and interpersonal attachment style are also worthy targets for future research and training in ET.

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