scholarly journals Biomechanical Exposure to Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorder Risk Factors in Hospital Laboratories

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Jung-Keun Park ◽  
Jon Boyer ◽  
Laura Punnett
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Pinch Grip ◽  
Job Titles ◽  
Laboratory Workers ◽  
Moderate Range ◽  
Or Organization

Exposure to ergonomic risk factors has been reported for laboratory workers over decades. However, these exposures are not well characterized with respect to the type of laboratory or work organization. This study compared biomechanical exposure to upper extremity (UE) postures and hand activity levels (HALs) in general hospital laboratories by job, work, and laboratory type. The study used observational data gathered using a revised version of the Posture, Activity, Tools, and Handling (PATH) method, generating frequencies of categorized exposures. Eighteen workers were observed in 11 job titles (seven laboratories) in a single hospital by two investigators over a 7 month period. A taxonomy was constructed to categorize the extent to which the laboratory operations were automated. Overall, there were markedly high exposures to postural strain for the distal UE, especially wrist/forearm deviation (73% of observations), gross grasp (71%), and pinch grip (49%). For the HAL categories, 61% of the observations were in the moderate range (3.3–<6.7). Shoulders and elbows tended to remain in the neutral postural range. Posture frequencies were similar among the job categories studied and laboratory types. HAL was higher when the hand was in a pinch grip. Manual operations represented a higher proportion of work time than semi-automated or automated operations. Biomechanical exposure can be documented more extensively and diversely when using the revised PATH approach along with the taxonomy, with respect to exposure variables, such as the type of job, work, or organization in the industry including the hospital laboratories.

In a flash of time: knowledge resources that enable professional cross-boundary work

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cross ◽  
Juani Swart
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Professional Work ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Network Organizations ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Project Network ◽  
Or Organization

Abstract In this paper, we highlight the networked context of the professions. In particular, we indicate that neo-classical professionals tend to work across organizational boundaries in project teams, often to meet the needs of clients and the wider society. However, little is known about the resources that professionals draw on to meet immediate, fast paced, client demands in project network organizations (PNOs). We pinpoint how knowledge resources, human, social and organizational capital enable professionals to produce outputs at a fast pace/tempo. Temporality emerged as an unexpected but key issue in our empirical research and we explore this further here. First, we put forward how professional work organization(s) has changed by focusing on the boundaries of organizations, and how this is often temporary and project-driven. Second, we use the specific lens of knowledge resources which are drawn upon to enable networked working and ask the question: which knowledge resources enable professionals to work at a fast pace within networks? Third, appreciative of the vast literature on temporary and networked organizations in professional work, our focus is beyond a single profession or organization, and hence, we build upon the prior research on PNOs. We do this by drawing on empirical data of a humanitarian aid project networked organization (HN) that upscales across its network at high speed, often within days, to generate funds for humanitarian disasters in order to save lives.

scholarly journals Behavioural risk factors in university students in Bucaramanga, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Martinez-Rueda ◽  
M A Camacho ◽  
I J Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors

Abstract Background The changes generated in the studentś lifestyle due to the academic demands, may favour the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases as well as compromise other domains of their life. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of behavioural risk factors in students of the Professional in Physical Activity and Sports program of a University in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods A cross-sectional study with a sample of 189 students was conducted. The students were surveyed with the first step of the STEPs questionnaire, which evaluates the behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases. A descriptive data analysis was performed, and Pearson tests were applied to determine the correlation between the analysed variables with a level of significance α = 0.05 using STATA 13.0. Results 80% of the participants were men. The age average was 22.7 ± 3.85 years. Regarding tobacco use, 10.1% of the participants were current smokers, while 30% smoked before. The majority of the participants (92.2%) have consumed alcohol within the past 12 months, while 69.8% consumed alcohol within the last month, with 8.7% of hazardous drinking. Concerning the diet, only 24.9% met the recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables per day. When assessing physical activity levels, only 6.3% were classified as physically inactive. Additionally, an average of 6 hours of sedentary behaviour was found, with 31.2% of excessive sedentary time. A weak correlation was found between age and academic cycle with the amount of physical activity at work (r = 0.24), (r = 0.18) and with sedentary time (r = -0.28), (-0, 32). Conclusions Although the prevalence of tobacco consumption was slightly higher than the national average, the students showed a lower prevalence of behavioural risk factors than the general population. However, it is necessary to promote strategies aimed at the control and prevention of these risk factors. Key messages Being a student of a program focused on physical activity and sport, can behave as a protective factor against the most prevalent risk factors in university life. It is necessary to implement more strategies centred on making students aware of the importance of the maintenance and improvement of their lifestyles in accordance with their professional profile.

Clinical factors and mortality rates for non-traumatic upper extremity amputations

2021 ◽  
pp. 175319342110427
Author(s):  
Yong-Zheng Jonathan Ting ◽  
An-Sen Tan ◽  
Chi-Peng Timothy Lai ◽  
Mala Satku
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Extremity Amputation

Non-traumatic upper extremity amputations are an increasing concern with the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus. To ascertain the risk factors and mortality rates for these amputations, the demographic information, amputation history, comorbidities and clinical outcomes of 140 patients who underwent non-traumatic upper extremity amputations between 1 January 2004 and 31 October 2017 were studied. Correlations were assessed using Cochran-Armitage chi-squared tests, odds ratios and multivariate binomial logistic regression as appropriate. Diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, end-stage renal failure, peripheral arterial disease and prior lower extremity amputation were significant risk factors for multiple upper extremity amputations. One-year, 2-year and 5-year mortality rates were 12%, 15% and 38%, respectively, following first upper extremity amputation. The risk factors for upper extremity amputations correspond with those for lower extremity amputations, comprising mainly diabetes mellitus and its related comorbidities. The mortality rates for non-traumatic upper extremity amputations highlight their significant burden on patients. Level of evidence: III

The Susceptibility of Healthy People to COVID-19 Infection and the Role of ACE2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kushkestani ◽  
Mohsen Parvani ◽  
Bakhtyar Tartibian ◽  
Rasoul Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Ace2 Gene

The COVID-19 virus has caused many deaths of people worldwide since the pandemic began. However, no definitive treatment for this infection has been discovered so far. It has been shown that comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are associated with an increased risk of SARS-COV-2 infection. Interestingly, SARS-COV-2, like SARS-COV, uses the ACE2 gene to enter the host cell. Also, changes or imbalance in ACE2.ACE can affect SARS-COV-2 susceptibility, related outcomes and mortality. Regarding the crucial role of ACE2 protein in COVID-19 infection, the effect of different factors such as age, BMI, physical activity levels, nutritional status, altitude, as well as blood group was assessed on the level of this protein. Further, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted to examine factors that increase or decrease the risk of COVID-19 and its related severity and outcome in normal subjects emphasizing the pivotal role of ACE2. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the involved mechanisms of ACE2 protein and other risk factors causing infection in different situations and finally, to introduce a safe, accurate, and cost-effective approach to prevent SARS-COV-2 infection and hard clinical outcomes in normal subjects.

Upper extremity muscle activity during household floor vacuuming with upright cleaners

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1018-1021
Author(s):  
Haerim Bak ◽  
Clive D’Souza ◽  
Gwanseob Shin
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Intensive Work

Physical demands of household carpet vacuuming and associated risks for musculoskeletal problems have received little attention although the level of muscle exertions is often assumed to be similar to that of occupational vacuuming. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the level of muscle activities of the upper extremity during carpeted floor vacuuming with household upright vacuum cleaners. Eighteen participants conducted four different carpet vacuuming tasks with two different cleaner models. Electromyography data from seven upper extremity muscles were collected. Median muscle activity ranged from 4.5% to 47.5% of the maximum voluntary contraction capacity for female participants and from 2.7% to 23.6% for male participants. Normalized muscle activity levels were significantly higher in women compared to men across tasks and muscle groups. Study results suggest that home vacuuming with upright vacuum cleaners is physically intensive work, especially for female users who are less physically capable.

scholarly journals Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis: risk factors, diagnosis, treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Camelia C. DIACONU ◽  
◽  
Mădălina ILIE ◽  
Mihaela Adela IANCU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Thrombosis Risk ◽  
Effort Thrombosis

Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis is a condition with increasing prevalence, with high risk of morbidity and mortality, due to embolic complications. In the majority of the cases, thrombosis involves more than one venous segment, most frequently being affected the subclavian vein, followed by internal jugular vein, brachiocephalic vein and basilic vein. Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in patients without risk factors for thrombosis is called primary deep venous thrombosis and includes idiopathic thrombosis and effort thrombosis. Deep venous thrombosis of upper extremity is called secondary when there are known risk factors and it is encountered mainly in older patients, with many comorbidities. The positive diagnosis is established only after paraclinical and imaging investigations, ultrasonography being the most useful diagnostic method. The most important complication, with high risk of death, is pulmonary embolism. Treatment consists in anticoagulant therapy, for preventing thrombosis extension and pulmonary embolism.

scholarly journals Differences in the prevalence of physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors between people living at low (<1,001 m) compared to moderate (1,001–2,000 m) altitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-635
Author(s):  
Martin Burtscher ◽  
◽  
Grégoire P Millet ◽  
Jeannette Klimont ◽  
Johannes Burtscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Moderate Altitude ◽  
Lifestyle Behavior ◽  
Climate Conditions

<abstract> <p>Living at moderate altitude (up to about 2,000 m) was shown to be associated with distinct health benefits, including lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. However, it remains unclear, whether those benefits are mainly due to environmental conditions (e.g., hypoxia, temperature, solar ultra-violet radiation) or differences in lifestyle behavior, including regular physical activity levels. This study aims to compare altitude-related differences in levels of physical activity and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes in an Alpine country. We interrogated the Austrian Health Interview Survey (ATHIS) 2019, a nationally representative study of persons aged over 15 years living in private Austrian households. The results confirm a higher prevalence of hypertension (24.2% vs. 16.8%) in men living at low (&lt;1,001 m) compared to those at moderate (1,001 to 2,000 m) altitude. Women living above 1,000 m tend to have a lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (14.8% vs. 18.8%) and diabetes (3.2% vs. 5.6%) than their lower living peers. Both sexes have lower average body mass index (BMI) when residing at moderate altitude (men: 25.7, women: 23.9) compared to those living lower (26.6 and 25.2). Severe obesity (BMI &gt; 40) is almost exclusively restricted to low altitude dwellers. Only men report to be more physically active on average when living higher (1,453 vs. 1,113 weekly MET minutes). These novel findings confirm some distinct benefits of moderate altitude residence on heath. Beside climate conditions, differences in lifestyle behavior, i.e., physical activity, have to be considered when interpreting those health-related divergences, and consequently also mortality data, between people residing at low and moderate altitudes.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Old and new risk factors for upper extremity deep venous thrombosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 2471-2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. BLOM ◽  
C. J. M. DOGGEN ◽  
S. OSANTO ◽  
F. R. ROSENDAAL
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Upper Extremity
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