NFkappaB is a Key Player in the Crosstalk between Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases

Inflammation is a key mechanism of cardiovascular diseases. It is an essential component of atherosclerosis and a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular events. In the crosstalk between inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, the transcription factor NFκB seems to be a key player since it is involved in the development and progression of both inflammation and cardiac and vascular damage. In this review, we deal with the recent findings of the role of inflammation in cardiac diseases, focusing, in particular, on NFκB as a functional link. We describe strategies for the therapeutic targeting of NFκB as a potential strategy for the failing heart.

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The Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and Perpetration and Non-suicidal Self-injury: A Systematic Review

Child Psychiatry & Human Development ◽

10.1007/s10578-021-01231-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gianluca Serafini ◽

Andrea Aguglia ◽

Andrea Amerio ◽

Giovanna Canepa ◽

Giulia Adavastro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peer Victimization ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Future Research ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

Self Injury ◽

Long Run ◽

Bully Victims

AbstractExperience of bullying may be a significant risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study had three aims: to systematically investigate the association between bullying and NSSI, analyze the possible mechanisms underlying the two phenomena, and evaluate any differences between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration with respect to NSSI. A systematic search about the association between bullying victimization and perpetration and NSSI was conducted using specific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct). The following keywords were used in all database searches: "bullying" AND "NSSI" OR "peer victimization" and NSSI. The searches in PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct revealed a total of 88 articles about bullying or peer victimization and NSSI. However, only 29 met our inclusion criteria and were used for the present review. Overall, all studies examined victimization; four studies also evaluated the effects of perpetration and one included bully-victims. According to the main findings, both being a victim of bullying and perpetrating bullying may increase the risk of adverse psychological outcomes in terms of NSSI and suicidality in the short and the long run. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to systematically evaluate the relation between bullying victimization/perpetration and NSSI. The main results support a positive association. Future research should evaluate the possible role of specific mediators/moderators of the association between experience of bullying and NSSI.

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MicroRNA-143/-145 in Cardiovascular Diseases

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/531740 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Wang Zhao ◽

Shui-Ping Zhao ◽

Yu-Hong Zhao

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Essential Role ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Potential Role ◽

Phenotypic Switching ◽

Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽

Potential Strategy

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the onset and development of many cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence shows that miRNAs can be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases, and miRNA-based therapy may be a promising therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The microRNA-143/-145 (miR-143/-145) cluster is essential for differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and determines VSMC phenotypic switching. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in knowledge concerning the function of miR-143/-145 in the cardiovascular system and their role in cardiovascular diseases. We discuss the potential role of miR-143/-145 as valuable biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases and explore the potential strategy of targeting miR-143 and miR-145.

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Abstract 17312: Hand1 Impairs Angiogenesis in Heart and Placenta

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.138.suppl_1.17312 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer A Courtney ◽

Helen N Jones

Keyword(s):

Histological Analysis ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Placental Development ◽

Hypoplastic Left Heart ◽

Septal Defects ◽

And Function ◽

Left Heart Syndrome

Introduction: Congenital heart defects affect approximately 1% of live births, often requiring complex surgeries at birth. The most significant risk factor for surgery survival is birthweight. Proper placental development and function is vital for normal fetal growth. We have previously demonstrated abnormal placental development and vascularization in human CHD placentas. Hand1 has roles in heart and placental development and has been implicated in multiple types of CHD including double right outlet, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and septal defects. We utilized the Hand1 A126fs/+ mouse to investigate the role of Hand1 in placentation and vascularization. Methods: Hand1 A126fs/+ female mice were time-mated with Nkx2.5cre or Cdh5cre males. Feto-placental units were harvested at E10.5 and E12.5 for histological analysis, vascular assessment by IHC for CD-31, and RNA expression by qPCR. Results: Nkx2.5cre/Hand1 a126fs/+ fetuses demonstrated embryonic lethality by E10.5 due to lack of placental labyrinth formation and vascularization (Figure 1). In contrast, ablation of Hand1 in vascular endothelium (Cdh5cre) did not disrupt placental labyrinth or heart at E12.5. Expression of VegFb, Ang1, Ang2, Flt1, Flk was reduced in Hand1 A126fs/+ ; Nkx2.5cre placentas compared to control littermates, but VegFa expression was increased. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that Hand1 expression in placental trophoblast, but not endothelium, is necessary for vascularization of the labyrinth and may disrupt multiple angiogenic factors known to be expressed in trophoblast. Alterations in Hand1 may represent a mechanism for abnormal placentation in cases of CHD. Figure 1. H/E (A-C) and CD31 (D-F) images of Hand1 +/+ (A, D), Hand1 A126fs/+ ; Nkx2.5cre (B, E), and Hand1 A126fs/+ ; Cdh5cre (C, F) placentas at day E12.5. Hand1A 126fs/+ ; Nkx2.5cre placentas fail to form labyrinth and fetal vasculature, while Hand1 A126fs/+ ; Cdh5cre placentas develop normally at this timepoint.

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Association between faecal haemoglobin concentration and the risk of cardiovascular diseases among Taiwanese adults in a community-based screening cohort

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032633 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. e032633 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kuo-Liong Chien ◽

Ting-Yu Lin ◽

Chen-Yang Hsu ◽

Chang-Chuan Chan ◽

Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Reference Group ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Population Based ◽

Trend Test ◽

Cohort Study Design

ObjectivesThe role of faecal haemoglobin as a colorectal cancer screening tool has been demonstrated. However, the association between the faecal haemoglobin concentration and the risk of cardiovascular disease events and deaths is still unclear.DesignCohort study design.SettingPopulation-based organised integrated service screening in Keelung City, TaiwanParticipantsA total of 33 355 healthy individuals aged over 40 years who were free of cardiovascular disease at study entry were followed up.Main outcomes and measuresNewly diagnosed cardiovascular disease events and deaths.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 2.39 years, a total of 2768 participants developed cardiovascular events, and after a median follow-up of 8.43 years, 317 cases of cardiovascular deaths occurred. The risk of cardiovascular disease increased with baseline faecal haemoglobin in a dose–response manner, yielding a significant elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in parallel with the incremental concentration of faecal haemoglobin (adjusted HRs=1.04, 1.10, 1.40 and 1.23 for faecal haemoglobin concentrations of 1–19, 20–49, 50–99 and ≥100 ng/mL, trend test, p<0.0001, as compared with the reference group with undetectable faecal haemoglobin concentrations). A similar pattern was observed for the risk of cardiovascular disease deaths. In addition, the faecal haemoglobin improved the prediction performance of the model for the risk of cardiovascular diseases; the integrated discrimination improvement was 0.3% (p<0.001) for cardiovascular events and 0.1% (p=0.020) for cardiovascular deaths.ConclusionsOur data support that faecal haemoglobin concentrations may be associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The biological mechanisms underlying the role of faecal haemoglobin as health outcomes should be investigated.

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The Critical Role of Biliary Candidiasis in Development of Surgical Site Infections after Pancreatoduodenectomy: Results of Prospective Study Using a Selective Culture Medium for Candida Species

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/5939724 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Kato ◽

Yusuke Iizawa ◽

Kei Nakamura ◽

Kazuyuki Gyoten ◽

Aoi Hayasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Candida Species ◽

Critical Role ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Preoperative Assessment ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

High Level ◽

New Evidence

In accordance with previous reports, the incidence of biliary candidiasis (BC) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was reported to be 0 to 5%, and the clinical significance of BC still has been elusive. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the precise incidence of BC after PD using the CHROMagar Candida plate in an attempt to elucidate whether BC has a significant impact on the clinical outcomes after PD.Patients and Method. From November 2014 to March 2016, the consecutive 51 patients who underwent PD were enrolled for this study. The bile juice was prospectively collected through the biliary stent tube on postoperative days (POD) 3, 7, and 14 and directly incubated onto the CHROMagar Candida plate for the cultivation of various Candida species. In the presence or absence of BC, we compared the incidence of SSIs.Results. The incidence of postoperative BC was 15% on POD 3, 24% on POD 7, and 39% on POD 14, respectively. Taken together, 22 patients out of 51 (43.1%) developed BC after PD. Moreover, the incidence of SSIs was significantly higher in patients with BC than in those without it (71% versus 7%, p=0.005). BC was selected as the only significant risk factor of SSIs after PD among the various risk factors. Even though a cause of BC is unknown, high level of alkaline phosphatase (cut-off line >300 IU/L) was selected as the only preoperative risk factor of the development of BC.Conclusion. We elucidated new evidence in which BC could be the independent cause of SSIs after PD and should not be recognized as just contamination artifacts. Preoperative assessment for identifying carriers of Candida species might be essential for reducing the incidence of SSIs after PD.

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Axin-mediated regulation of lifespan and muscle health in C. elegans involves AMPK-FOXO signaling

10.1101/2020.04.22.055962 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Avijit Mallick ◽

Ayush Ranawade ◽

Bhagwati P Gupta

Keyword(s):

Muscle Function ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Mitochondrial Morphology ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

C Elegans ◽

Muscle Aging ◽

Muscle Health ◽

Multiple Signaling

SUMMARYAging is a significant risk factor for several diseases. Studies have uncovered multiple signaling pathways that modulate the process of aging including the Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS). In C. elegans the key regulator of IIS is DAF-16/FOXO whose activity is regulated by phosphorylation. A major kinase involved in DAF-16-mediated lifespan extension is the AMPK catalytic subunit homolog, AAK-2. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role of PRY-1/Axin in AAK-2 activation to regulate DAF-16 function. The pry-1 transcriptome contains many genes associated with aging and muscle function. Consistent with this, pry-1 is strongly expressed in muscles and muscle-specific overexpression of pry-1 extends the lifespan, delays muscle aging, and improves mitochondrial morphology in DAF-16-dependent manner. Furthermore, PRY-1 is necessary for AAK-2 phosphorylation. Together, our data demonstrate a crucial role of PRY-1 in maintaining the lifespan and muscle health. Since muscle health declines with age, our study offers new possibilities to manipulate Axin function to delay muscle aging and improve lifespan.

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Antibody-mediated rejection in heart transplantation

Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs ◽

10.15825/1995-1191-2021-4-47-61 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 47-61

Author(s):

V. S. Kvan ◽

N. N. Koloskova ◽

Yu. A. Kachanova ◽

N. N. Sayfullina ◽

A. Yu. Goncharova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Antibody Mediated Rejection ◽

Humoral Immune System ◽

Graft Vasculopathy ◽

Donor Specific Antibodies ◽

The Complement System

The role of antibody-mediated rejection in predicting survival among heart recipients has been studied in clinical transplantology for over 20 years. This condition is a significant risk factor for heart failure and graft vasculopathy. Antibody-mediated rejection results from activation of the humoral immune system and production of donorspecific antibodies that cause myocardial injury through the complement system. The presence of donor-specific antibodies is associated with lower allograft survival. Treatment of antibody-mediated rejection should take into account the rejection category and the presence or absence of graft dysfunction. The main principle of treatment is to suppress humoral immunity at different levels. World clinical practice has made significant inroads into the study of this issue. However, further research is required to identify and develop optimal treatment regimens for patients with humoral rejection in cardiac transplantation.

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Role of Vitamin D in Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v20i2.51561 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 431-438

Author(s):

Raisa Aringazina ◽

Gulnara Kurmanalina ◽

Bakhtiyar Kurmanalin ◽

Tatyana Degtyarevskaya

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Medical Science ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Duration Of Treatment

Objective: About 90% of cardiovascular diseases can be prevented. In recent years, the role of vitamin D in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and components of metabolic syndrome has been actively discussed. The study aimed to investigate the possible influence of vitamin D3 on the emergence risk of metabolic syndrome and adverse cardiovascular events. Materials and methods: The study enrolled a total of 336 people (170 males and 166 females) aged 50-60 years. For comparative analysis, two groups were formed: Group 1 group involved 150 people treated with placebo, and Group 2 group included 186 people who received vitamin D3 orally in a dose of 2000 IU/day. The duration of treatment and observation was four years. Participants in the study completed a questionnaire developed by the authors of this paper, in which they answered questions about the presence of factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular pathology. Results and Discussion: Daily oral intake of vitamin D3 in a dose of 2000 IU/day for four years did not improve laboratory indicators, which are components of MS, namely, the content in the blood of TC, TG, LDL, HDL, AI, fasting and postprandial glycemia, insulin, and insulin resistance index HOMA2-IR (p>0.05). Prolonged use of vitamin D3 did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarcts (RR=0.93, 95% CI [0.21-4.09], p=0.92), strokes (RR=1.24, 95% CI [0.18-8.70], p=0.83), stenting (RR=1,23, 95% CI [0.32-4.88], p=0.76), arterial hypertension (RR=1.12, 95% CI [0.47-2.68], p=0.81), as well as cardiovascular death rates (RR=0.83, 95% CI [0.14-4.88], p=0.83) and death from any other causes (RR=0.93, 95% CI [0.21- 4.09], p=0.92). Conclusion: Thus, daily prolonged oral administration of vitamin D3 in a dose of 2000 IU/day does not contribute to the improvement of blood lipid spectrum, glycemia, and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome and does not reduce the risk of adverse (fatal and non-fatal) cardiovascular events. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.431-438

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Parent-Based Models of Adolescent Substance Use

10.1093/oso/9780190847128.003.0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea M. Hussong ◽

Ruth K. Smith

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Low Income ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Adolescent Substance Use ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Adolescent Substance ◽

Typical Time

Adolescence is the typical time of substance use onset and escalation around the world, though prevalence rates vary dramatically across countries. Given that substance use is a significant risk factor contributing to global disease burden, the consequences of substance abuse are staggering. Substantial evidence, primarily from high-income countries but increasingly corroborated by that from middle- and low-income countries, suggests that parents and families can play a key role in mitigating risk for substance use involvement and related negative consequences. This chapter reviews that evidence as well as features of family evidence-based interventions for adolescent substance use, highlighting two in particular, and discusses the role of such interventions in a multisectoral approach to prevention.

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Atrial fibrillation and obesity

ESC CardioMed ◽

10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0526 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 2232-2235

Author(s):

Rajiv Mahajan ◽

Dennis H. Lau ◽

Prashanthan Sanders

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Therapeutic Benefit ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Attributable Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Epidemiological Link

Obesity is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for the burgeoning prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). With the growing epidemic of obesity, it is poised to soon have the highest attributable risk of AF. While often associated with co-morbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnoea, all known to be associated with AF, there is increasing evidence of a direct pathogenic role of obesity in forming the substrate for AF. Interestingly, a randomized study and observational cohorts have reported that weight loss and treatment of associated risk factors is associated with a reduction in AF symptoms and burden and improved likelihood of maintaining sinus rhythm. This chapter focuses on the epidemiological link between these conditions, the potential mechanisms of this association, and the emerging evidence that treating obesity may have a therapeutic benefit in the management of AF.

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