scholarly journals High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Differentially Influences Oxylipins Synthesis in Course of Neuroinflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Chistyakov ◽  
Alina A. Astakhova ◽  
Nadezda V. Azbukina ◽  
Sergei V. Goriainov ◽  
Viktor V. Chistyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Cultured Astrocytes ◽  
Tlr4 Agonist ◽  
Fatty Acids Metabolism ◽  
Tlr3 Signaling

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix, has cell signaling functions that are dependent on its molecular weight. Anti-inflammatory effects for high-molecular-weight (HMW) HA and pro-inflammatory effects for low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA effects were found for various myeloid cells, including microglia. Astrocytes are cells of ectodermal origin that play a pivotal role in brain inflammation, but the link between HA with different molecular weights and an inflammatory response in these cells is not clear. We tested the effects of LMW and HMW HA in rat primary astrocytes, stimulated with Poly:IC (PIC, TLR3 agonist) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR4 agonist). Oxylipin profiles were measured by the UPLC-MS/MS analysis and metabolites HDoHEs (from docosahexaenoic acid), -HETEs, prostaglandins (from arachidonic acid), DiHOMEs and HODEs (from linoleic acid) were detected. Both, HMW and LMW HA downregulated the cyclooxygenase-mediated polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism, LMW also reduced lipoxygenase-mediated fatty acid metabolism. Taken together, the data show that both LMW and HMW (i) influence themselves on cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10), enzymes iNOS, COX-2, and oxylipin levels in extracellular medium of cultured astrocytes, (ii) induced cellular adaptations in long-term applications, (iii) modulate TLR4- and TLR3-signaling pathways. The effects of HMW and LMW HA are predominantly revealed in TLR4– and TLR3- mediated responses, respectively.

scholarly journals Anticoagulant Properties of a Green Algal Rhamnan-type Sulfated Polysaccharide and Its Low-molecular-weight Fragments Prepared by Mild Acid Degradation

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Liu ◽  
Peng Du ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Sujian Cao ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Green Algal

The active sulfated polysaccharide from seaweed possesses important pharmaceutical and biomedical potential. In the study, Monostroma sulfated polysaccharide (MSP) was obtained from Monostroma angicava, and the low-molecular-weight fragments of MSP (MSP-Fs: MSP-F1–MSP-F6) were prepared by controlled acid degradation. The molecular weights of MSP and MSP-F1–MSP-F6 were 335 kDa, 240 kDa, 90 kDa, 40 kDa, 24 kDa, 12 kDa, and 6.8 kDa, respectively. The polysaccharides were sulfated rhamnans that consisted of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ units with partial sulfation at C-2 of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and C-3 of →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→. Anticoagulant properties in vitro of MSP and MSP-F1–MSP-F6 were evaluated by studying the activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and prothrombin time. Anticoagulant activities in vivo of MSP and MSP-F4 were further evaluated; their fibrin(ogen)olytic activities in vivo and thrombolytic properties in vitro were also assessed by D-dimer, fibrin degradation products, plasminogen activator inhibitior-1, and clot lytic rate assays. The results showed that MSP and MSP-F1–MSP-F4 with molecular weights of 24–240 kDa had strong anticoagulant activities. A decrease in the molecular weight of MSP-Fs was accompanied by a decrease in the anticoagulant activity, and higher anticoagulant activity requires a molecular weight of over 12 kDa. MSP and MSP-F4 possessed strong anticoagulant activities in vivo, as well as high fibrin(ogen)olytic and thrombolytic activities. MSP and MSP-F4 have potential as drug or helpful food supplements for human health.

28356 Efficacy of topical serum containing high and low molecular weight of hyaluronic acid as anti-aging in Brazilian skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. AB184
Author(s):  
Alessandra Romiti ◽  
Priscila Correia ◽  
José Euzébio Gonçalves Junior ◽  
Beatriz Sant’Anna ◽  
Caroline Le Floc
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

scholarly journals Biodegradation of low molecular weight polyacrylamide under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: effect of the molecular weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhe Song ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Amir Hossein Hamidian ◽  
Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract The biodegradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) includes the hydrolysis of amino groups and cleavage of the carbon chain; however, the effect of molecular weight on the biodegradation needs further investigations. In this study, biodegradation of low molecular weight PAM (1.6 × 106 Da) was evaluated in two aerobic (25 °C and 40 °C) and two anaerobic (35 °C and 55 °C) reactors over 100 days. The removal of the low molecular weight PAM (52.0–52.6%) through the hydrolysis of amino groups by anaerobic treatment (35 °C and 55 °C) was much higher than that of the high molecular weight (2.2 × 107 Da, 11.2–17.0%) observed under the same conditions. The molecular weight was reduced from 1.6 × 106 to 6.45–7.42 × 105 Da for the low molecular weight PAM, while the high molecular weight PAM declined from 2.2 × 107 to 3.76–5.87 × 106 Da. The results showed that the amino hydrolysis of low molecular weight PAM is easier than that of the high molecular weight one, while the cleavage of its carbon chain is still difficult. The molecular weights of PAM in the effluents from the two aerobic reactors (25 °C and 40 °C) were further reduced to 4.31 × 105 and 5.68 × 105 Da by the biofilm treatment, respectively. The results would be useful for the management of wastewater containing PAM.

Comparison of exopolysaccharides from mucoid and nonmucoid strains of Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Henningson ◽  
Neil C. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Neutral Sugar ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Serological Reaction ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

The exopolysaccharides produced by six strains of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus were isolated and purified by liquid chromatography. Neutral sugar composition and molecular weights were determined for each polysaccharide fraction, using gas chromatography and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The serological reaction of each fraction was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Exopolysaccharide from nonmucoid strains contained only low molecular weight polysaccharides (1.5 × 103 to 1.1 × 104). Exopolysaccharide from mucoid and intermediate strains could be separated into low (4.0 × 103 to 1.1 × 104) molecular weight and high (5.0 × 105 to 1.6 × 106) molecular weight fractions. High molecular weight polysaccharides were composed almost exclusively of galactose, glucose, and fucose. The ratios of these sugars were highly variable among strains. Low molecular weight polysaccharides were primarily composed of galactose with significant and varying amounts of glucose, rhamnose, mannose, and ribose. All polysaccharide fractions except one, produced by a nonmucoid strain, reacted in the immunoassay test.Key words: exopolysaccharide, polysaccharide, Clavibacter, michiganensis, sepedonicus.

Glass Transition and Ultrasonic Relaxation in Polystyrene

1996 ◽  
Vol 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sahnoune ◽  
L. Piché
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Relaxation Modulus ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Relaxation Model ◽  
Fragility Index ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Ultrasonic Relaxation

ABSTRACTWe present measurements of the glass transition and the ultrasonic relaxation modulus in a series of monodisperse polystyrenes. The temperature dependence of the modulus was analyzed using Havriliak-Negami relaxation model (HN) and Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation (VTF) for the relaxation time. The results allowed us to determine the fragility index, m, which decreases with increasing molecular weight, Mn. Furthermore, the relaxation time was found to saturate at high molecular weights and varies as Mnp, in the low molecular weight region. The exponent is p≈2 at high temperatures and p ≈ 7 at low temperatures close to Tg.

scholarly journals Effects Of Environmental Factors On The Dispersion Behavior Of Iron Oxide In Aqueous Solutions With Poly Acrylic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 1561-1564
Author(s):  
E.-H. Lee ◽  
K.-M. Kim ◽  
W.-Y. Maeng ◽  
D.-H. Hur
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Magnetite Particles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

Abstract After preparing aqueous suspensions from magnetite particles with a poly-acrylic acid, we investigated the effects of several experimental parameters. We characterized the stability of the suspensions using visual inspection, sedimentation, adsorption, and thermal stability of the dispersant. The dispersion stability is affected by the solution pH, the concentrations of magnetite particles, the molecular weight, the concentration of the dispersants, and the temperature. The stability of the suspensions increased as the concentration of the dispersant and the temperature increased. In terms of the molecular weights of the dispersant, the suspensions with dispersant of low-molecular weight (1800) were more stable than those of high-molecular weight (250000) at room temperature. However, at high temperature the suspensions with high-molecular weight showed stability. The adsorption efficiency of the dispersant was very low. The dispersant of high-molecular weight showed a higher thermal integrity than that of low-molecular weight. From this work, we obtained the optimum conditions for stable aqueous suspensions of magnetite particles.

scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid of Low Molecular Weight Triggers the Invasive “Hummingbird” Phenotype on Gastric Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 2000122
Author(s):  
Sara Amorim ◽  
Diana Soares da Costa ◽  
Iva Pashkuleva ◽  
Celso A. Reis ◽  
Rui L. Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cells

Molecular Weight Determinations Of Low Molecular Weight (LMW) Heparins By Ultracentrifugation And High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Barlow ◽  
N Sugisaka ◽  
F J Petracek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Analytical Ultracentrifuge ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Molecular Weight Distributions ◽  
Weight Distributions ◽  
Heparin Fractions

Molecular weights were independently determined on nitrous acid depolymerized LMW heparin fractions ranging from 2-15 daltons using the analytical ultracentrifuge and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).Sedimentation-diffusion equilibria were obtained in the analytical ultracentrifuge using speeds ranging from 20,000 to 56,000 rpm. Near theta conditions were obtained using 0.5M NaCl as the solvent. Calculations of molecular weight distributions and, from those figures, weight average molecular weights were made using the method described by Scholte (N.Y. Acad Sci. 164, 156, 1969). The results show that weight average values as low as 2,000 daltons can be determined.Sedimentation-diffusion equilibria were obtained in the analytical ultracentrifuge using speeds ranging from 20,000 to 56,000 rpm. Near theta conditions were obtained using 0.5M NaCl as the solvent. Calculations of molecular weight distributions and, from those figures, weight average molecular weights were made using the method described by Scholte (N.Y. Acad Sci. 164, 156, 1969). The results show that weight average values as low as 2,000 daltons can be determined.The HPLC results were obtained using previously described methods (Fed Proc. 36, 89, 1977) and a new highly efficient gel column (TSK gels). Fractionated dextrans were used as reference standards.

scholarly journals Efficacy of single high-molecular-weight versus triple low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid intra-articular injection among knee osteoarthritis patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasan Bahrami ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Raeissadat ◽  
Mohsen Cheraghi ◽  
Shahram Rahimi-Dehgolan ◽  
Adel Ebrahimpour
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

scholarly journals Physical and Biological Evaluation of Low-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid/Fe3O4 Nanoparticle for Targeting MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Ta Wang ◽  
Po-Chien Chou ◽  
Ping-Han Wu ◽  
Chi-Ming Lee ◽  
Kang-Hsin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Targeting ◽  
Fe3o4 Nps ◽  
Targeting Ability

Low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) was integrated with superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). The size distribution, zeta potential, viscosity, thermogravimetric and paramagnetic properties of the LMWHA-Fe3O4 NPs were systematically examined. For cellular experiments, MCF7 breast cancer cell line was carried out. In addition, the cell targeting ability and characteristics of the LMWHA-Fe3O4 NPs for MCF7 breast cancer cells were analyzed using the thiocyanate method and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The experimental results showed that the LMWHA-Fe3O4 NPs were not only easily injectable due to their low viscosity, but also exhibited a significant superparamagnetic property. Furthermore, the in vitro assay results showed that the NPs had negligible cytotoxicity and exhibited a good cancer cell targeting ability. Overall, the results therefore suggest that the LMWHA-Fe3O4 NPs have considerable potential as an injectable agent for enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or hyperthermia treatment in breast cancer therapy.

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