scholarly journals Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Enhances Cell Survival after in Situ Retinal Degeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7442
Author(s):  
Carlota Suárez-Barrio ◽  
Susana del Olmo-Aguado ◽  
Eva García-Pérez ◽  
Enol Artime ◽  
María de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Pou Domain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGFs) under blue light conditions in an in vivo model of retinal degeneration. Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed to dark/blue light conditions for 9 days. On day 7, right eyes were injected with saline and left eyes with PRGF. Electroretinography (ERG) and intraocular pressure (IoP) measurements were performed before and after the experiment. After sacrifice, retinal samples were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to analyze the structure of retinal sections. Immunofluorescence for brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3A (Brn3a), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), rhodopsin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was performed to study the retinal conditions. Results: Retinal signaling measured by ERG was reduced by blue light and recovered with PRGF; however, IoP measurements did not show significant differences among treatments. Blue light reduced the expression for Brn3a, ChAT, and rhodopsin. Treatment with PRGF showed a recovery in their expressions. HO-1 and GFAP results showed that blue light increased their expression but the use of PRGF reduced the effect of light. Conclusions: Blue light causes retinal degeneration. PRGF mitigated the injury, restoring the functionality of these cells and maintaining the tissue integrity.

scholarly journals Reversal effect of Solanum dasyphyllum against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Omotayo B. Ilesanmi ◽  
Obade Efe ◽  
Temitope T. Odewale ◽  
Frances O. Atanu ◽  
Esther F. Adeogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Respiratory Enzymes ◽  
Reversal Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rotenone Exposure

Abstract We earlier reported the protective effect of Solanum dasyphyllum against cyanide neurotoxicity. In furtherance to this, we investigated the protective effect of S. dasyphyllum against rotenone, a chemical toxin that causes brain-related diseases. Mitochondria fraction obtained from the brain of male Wistar rats was incubated with various solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and methanol) extracts of S. dasyphyllum before rotenone exposure. Mitochondria respiratory enzymes (MRE) were evaluated along with markers of oxidative stress. The inhibition of MRE by rotenone was reversed by treatment with various fractions of S. dasyphyllum. The oxidative stress induced by rotenone was also reversed by fractions of S. dasyphyllum. In addition, the ethylacetate fraction of S. dasyphyllum was most potent against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. In conclusion, S. dasyphyllum is rich in active phytochemicals that can prevent some neurotoxic effects of rotenone exposure. Further study can be done in an in vivo model to substantiate our results.

scholarly journals Assessment and Validation of Globodera pallida as a Novel In Vivo Model for Studying Alzheimer’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2481
Author(s):  
Norah A. Althobaiti ◽  
Farid Menaa ◽  
Aishah E. Albalawi ◽  
Johnathan J. Dalzell ◽  
Neil D. Warnock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Aβ Peptides ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Whole transgenic or non-transgenic organism model systems allow the screening of pharmacological compounds for protective actions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aim: In this study, a plant parasitic nematode, Globodera pallida, which assimilates intact peptides from the external environment, was investigated as a new potential non-transgenic model system of AD. Methods: Fresh second-stage juveniles of G. pallida were used to measure their chemosensory, perform immunocytochemistry on their neurological structures, evaluate their survival rate, measure reactive oxygen species, and determine total oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH) levels, before and after treatment with 100 µM of various amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides (1–40, 1–42, 17–42, 17–40, 1–28, or 1–16). Wild-type N2 C. elegans (strain N2) was cultured on Nematode Growth Medium and directly used, as control, for chemosensory assays. Results: We demonstrated that: (i) G. pallida (unlike Caenorhabditis elegans) assimilates amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides which co-localise with its neurological structures; (ii) pre-treatment with various Aβ isoforms (1–40, 1–42, 17–42, 17–40, 1–28, or 1–16) impairs G. pallida’s chemotaxis to differing extents; (iii) Aβ peptides reduced survival, increased the production of ROS, and increased GSSG/GSH levels in this model; (iv) this unique model can distinguish differences between different treatment concentrations, durations, and modalities, displaying good sensitivity; (v) clinically approved neuroprotective agents were effective in protecting G. pallida from Aβ (1–42) exposure. Taken together, the data indicate that G. pallida is an interesting in vivo model with strong potential for discovery of novel bioactive compounds with anti-AD activity.

scholarly journals Ergocalciferol improves endothelial vasodilatory and vasoconstrictor function in an in vivo model of mild uraemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Dreyer ◽  
Julius Kieswich ◽  
Steven Harwood ◽  
Amrita Ahluwalia ◽  
Muhammad M. Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Spermine Nonoate

Abstract Endothelial dysfunction and vitamin D deficiency are prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both are risk factors for cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. No studies have investigated the effect of nutritional forms of vitamin D on endothelial function in earlier stages of CKD, when vascular endothelium may be more amenable to this therapy. We studied the effect of ergocalciferol in a pre-clinical model of mild uraemia. Male Wistar rats underwent either a 5/6th nephrectomy or sham surgery. Four weeks after the final stage of the surgery, these two groups were randomly allocated to placebo or an oral dose of 1000 iu of ergocalcfierol at day 7 and 2 pre sacrifice. Vascular responses to acetylcholine, Spermine NONOate and phenylephrine were determined in aortic rings. Blood pressure, calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone were measured in all groups. Ergocalciferol significantly improved the endothelium-dependent responses to acetylcholine and overcame the blunting of the contractile response to phenylephrine seen in uraemic animals. Ergocalciferol improved the contractile response to potassium chloride in uraemic, but not sham animals. All effects occurred independently of changes to calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and systolic blood pressure. There were no differences in endothelium-independent relaxation to Spermine NONOate. In summary, in a model of mild uraemia, ergocalciferol improved vasodilator and vasoconstrictor tone independently of blood pressure and bone mineral parameters suggesting a direct effect of ergocalciferol on the endothelium.

scholarly journals The problem of dose in homeopathy: evaluation of the effect of high dilutions of Arsenicum album 30cH on rats intoxicated with arsenic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Olney Leite Fontes ◽  
Fátima Cristiane Lopes Goularte Farhat ◽  
Amarilys Toledo Cesar ◽  
Marilisa Guimarães Lara ◽  
Maria Imaculada Lima Montebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Living Organisms

Background: Although scientific studies have confirmed the action of homeopathic high dilutions in living organisms an endless debate on the choice of the most fitting dilution, the frequency of administration and the dose (amount of medicine) still remains. Aims: This study sought to assess the in vivo effect of 2 different concentrations of Arsenicum album 30cH in order to elucidate some problems in the homeopathic notion of dose. Methods: Male Wistar rats previously intoxicated with sodium arsenate by peritoneal injection were treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution administered by oral route. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to measure the levels of arsenic retained in the animals as well as the amounts eliminated through urine. Urine samples were collected before and after and during treatment. A positive control group (intoxicated animals) and negative control group (non-intoxicated animals) were administered only the vehicle used to prepare the medicine (ethanol). Results: The groups treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution eliminated significant amounts of arsenic through urine when compared to the control groups. The group treated with undiluted Ars 30cH eliminated significantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the same medicine in 1% solution. Conclusion: These results suggest that undiluted Ars 30cH was more effective than in 1% solution in this experimental model.

Postconditioning fails to prevent radial artery endothelial dysfunction induced by ischemia and reperfusion: evidence from a human in vivo study

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Dragoni ◽  
Giuseppe Di Stolfo ◽  
Silvia Sicuro ◽  
Monica Lisi ◽  
John D. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dependent Flow

Animal studies have shown that, as compared with unrestricted reperfusion, exposure to brief periods of controlled ischemia (postconditioning) at the end of a prolonged ischemia reduces the extent of tissue damage. We set out to test whether postconditioning can prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by ischemia and reperfusion in a human in vivo model. Ten healthy young non-smoking volunteers were enrolled in this cross-over, controlled, investigator-blinded study. Subjects were exposed to 15 min of forearm ischemia followed by either unrestricted reperfusion or postconditioning (3 periods of 20 s of ischemia separated by 10 s of reperfusion). Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured at the level of the radial artery before and after ischemia (with or without postconditioning). Forearm ischemia blunted FMD in both study visits (unrestricted reperfusion visit: before ischemia, 7.7% ± 1.3%; after ischemia, 2.5% ± 1.4%; and postconditioning visit: before, 7.3% ± 1.2%; after, 2.6 ± 1.6%; P < 0.05 for both, P = not significant (NS) between visits). In contrast with data from animal studies, postconditioning (20 s ischemia – 10 s reperfusion repeated 3 times) does not limit post-ischemic endothelial dysfunction in this human in vivo model. Further human studies are necessary to evaluate other reperfusion protocols in an attempt to limit post-ischemic tissue damage.

Caffeic Acid Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Reduces Hypercholesterolemia Induced by Iron Overload in Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafay ◽  
Gueux ◽  
Rayssiguier ◽  
Mazur ◽  
Rémésy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Doses

The effects of caffeic acid, a major phenolic compound of the diet, on oxidative stress and cholesterolemia are studied in rats submitted to oxidative stress by iron overload. Male Wistar rats were fed semi-synthetic diets containing regular (50 mg/kg diet) or high (2000 mg/kg) doses of iron with and without caffeic acid (6460 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The high doses of iron induced an increase of lipid oxidation in the liver, as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and an increase of cholesterolemia. Caffeic acid fully prevented the pro-oxidant effects of high iron doses (p < 0.001). It also reduced lipid peroxidation in rats fed the low iron dose (p < 0.05). Caffeic acid also increased vitamin E levels in plasma (2.74 mumol/L to 4.09 mumol/L for normal diet; p < 0.001; 2.78 mumol/L to 4.94 mumol/L for iron supplemented diet p < 0.001). Iron-induced hypercholesterolemia was inhibited by caffeic acid (1.07 g/L to 0.82 g/L; p < 0.001). These results demonstrate the antioxidative capacity of caffeic acid, a highly bioavailable polyphenol, in an in vivo model of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Binge Alcohol Exposure in Adolescence Impairs Normal Heart Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhuo Ai ◽  
Edith Perez ◽  
AnnaDorothea Asimes ◽  
Theerachat Kampaengsri ◽  
Maxime Heroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cellular Hypertrophy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background Approximately 1 in 6 adolescents report regular binge alcohol consumption, and we hypothesize it affects heart growth during this period. Methods and Results Adolescent, genetically diverse, male Wistar rats were gavaged with water or ethanol once per day for 6 days. In vivo structure and function were assessed before and after exposure. Binge alcohol exposure in adolescence significantly impaired normal cardiac growth but did not affect whole‐body growth during adolescence, therefore this pathology was specific to the heart. Binge rats also exhibited signs of accelerated pathological growth (concentric cellular hypertrophy and thickening of the myocardial wall), suggesting a global reorientation from physiologic to pathologic growth. Binge rats compensated for their smaller filling volumes by increasing systolic function and sympathetic stimulation. Consequently, binge alcohol exposure increased PKA (protein kinase A) phosphorylation of troponin I, inducing myofilament calcium desensitization. Binge alcohol also impaired in vivo relaxation and increased titin‐based cellular stiffness due to titin phosphorylation by PKCα (protein kinase C α). Mechanistically, alcohol inhibited extracellular signal‐related kinase activity, a nodal signaling kinase activating physiology hypertrophy. Thus, binge alcohol exposure depressed genes involved in growth. These cardiac structural alterations from binge alcohol exposure persisted through adolescence even after cessation of ethanol exposure. Conclusions Alcohol negatively impacts function in the adult heart, but the adolescent heart is substantially more sensitive to its effects. This difference is likely because adolescent binge alcohol impedes the normal rapid physiological growth and reorients it towards pathological hypertrophy. Many adolescents regularly binge alcohol, and here we report a novel pathological consequence as well as mechanisms involved.

Cynaroside protects the blue light-induced retinal degeneration through alleviating apoptosis and inducing autophagy in vitro and in vivo

Phytomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 153604
Author(s):  
Jia-Hao Feng ◽  
Xiao-Wei Dong ◽  
Hao-LiYu ◽  
Wei Shen ◽  
Xian-Yu Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Blue Light

In Vivo Model to Study the Biocompatibility of Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wieczorowska-Tobis ◽  
K. Korybalska ◽  
A. Polubinska ◽  
M. Radkowski ◽  
A. Breborowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Catheter Implantation ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Solution ◽  
Dialysis Solutions

This study was designed to analyze the complex morphologic and functional effects of dialysis solutions on peritoneum in a rat model on chronic peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal catheters were inserted into 10 male, Wistar rats and the animals were dialyzed twice daily for 4 weeks with 4.25% Dianeal. During the study we observed two opposite effects: healing of the peritoneum after catheter implantation - decreased cell count in dialysate, decreased permeability of the peritoneum to glucose and total protein, increased volume of drained dialysate; and damage to the membrane due to its exposure to peritoneal dialysis solution - increased hyaluronic acid levels in dialysate, a tendency of the peritoneum to thicken when compared to non-dialyzed animals. Our rat model of CAPD may be used for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the effects of peritoneal dialysis solution on the peritoneum during chronic dialysis

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