scholarly journals Receptor-Like Protein Kinases Function Upstream of MAPKs in Regulating Plant Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7638
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Xiaoping Gou
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Mapk Cascades ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Upstream Regulators

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of protein kinase broadly involved in various signal pathways in eukaryotes. In plants, MAPK cascades regulate growth, development, stress responses and immunity by perceiving signals from the upstream regulators and transmitting the phosphorylation signals to the downstream signaling components. To reveal the interactions between MAPK cascades and their upstream regulators is important for understanding the functional mechanisms of MAPKs in the life span of higher plants. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are plasma membrane-located to perceive endogenous or exogenous signal molecules in regulating plant growth, development and immunity. MAPK cascades bridge the extracellular signals and intracellular transcription factors in many RLK-mediated signaling pathways. This review focuses on the current findings that RLKs regulate plant development through MAPK cascades and discusses questions that are worth investigating in the near future.

scholarly journals Hypusination, a Metabolic Posttranslational Modification of eIF5A in Plants during Development and Environmental Stress Responses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Péter Pálfi ◽  
László Bakacsy ◽  
Henrietta Kovács ◽  
Ágnes Szepesi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Deoxyhypusine Synthase ◽  
Deoxyhypusine Hydroxylase ◽  
Eukaryotic Translation

Hypusination is a unique posttranslational modification of eIF5A, a eukaryotic translation factor. Hypusine is a rare amino acid synthesized in this process and is mediated by two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). Despite the essential participation of this conserved eIF5A protein in plant development and stress responses, our knowledge of its proper function is limited. In this review, we demonstrate the main findings regarding how eIF5A and hypusination could contribute to plant-specific responses in growth and stress-related processes. Our aim is to briefly discuss the plant-specific details of hypusination and decipher those signal pathways which can be effectively modified by this process. The diverse functions of eIF5A isoforms are also discussed in this review.

Regulation and function of extracellular invertase from higher plants in relation to assimilate partitioning, stress responses and sugar signalling

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Roitsch ◽  
Rainer Ehneß ◽  
Marc Goetz ◽  
Bettina Hause ◽  
Markus Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Assimilate Partitioning ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Unloading ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Carbohydrate Partitioning ◽  
Extracellular Invertase

This paper originates from a presentation at the International Conference on Assimilate Transport and Partitioning, Newcastle, NSW, August 1999 Carbohydrates are synthesised in photosynthetically active source tissues and exported, in most species in the form of sucrose, to photosynthetically less active or inactive sink tissues. Sucrose hydrolysis at the site of utilisation contributes to phloem unloading. This phenomenon links sink metabolism with phloem transport to, and partitioning between, sinks. Invertases catalyse the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose and thus are expected to contribute to carbohydrate partitioning. Different invertase isoenzymes may be distinguished based on their intracellular location, their isoelectric points and pH optima. Extracellular, cell-wall-bound invertase is uniquely positioned to supply carbohydrates to sink tissues via an apoplasmic pathway, and links the transport sugar sucrose to hexose transporters. A number of studies demonstrate an essential function of this invertase isoenzyme for phloem unloading, carbohydrate partitioning and growth of sink tissues. Extracellular invertases were shown to be specifically expressed under conditions that require a high carbohydrate supply to sink tissues. Further, their expression is upregulated by a number of stimuli that affect source–sink relations. Substrate and reaction products of invertases are not only nutri-ents, but also signal molecules. Like hormones and in combination with hormones and other stimuli, they can regu-late many aspects of plant development from gene expression to long-distance nutrient allocation. Based on studies in Chenopodium rubrum, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the regulation of extracellular invertase and its function in assimilate partitioning, defence reactions and sugar signal transduction pathways are discussed.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Cysteine-Rich Receptor-Like Protein Kinase Genes in Tomato and Their Expression Profile in Response to Heat Stress

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Yahui Liu ◽  
Zhengxiang Feng ◽  
Weimin Zhu ◽  
Junzhong Liu ◽  
Yingying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Essential Components

During plant growth, development and stress adaption, receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are essential components in perceiving and integrating extracellular stimuli and transmitting the signals to activate the downstream signaling pathways. Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinases (CRKs) are a large subfamily of RLKs and their roles in modulating plant disease resistance are well elucidated. However, the roles of CRKs in plant abiotic stress responses, especially heat stress, are largely unknown. In this study, 35 SlCRK genes were identified in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) based on the multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic relationships. SlCRK genes are tandemly distributed on seven chromosomes and have similar exon–intron organization and common conserved motifs. Various phytohormone responsive, stress responsive cis-regulatory elements and heat shock elements are predicted in the promoter regions of SlCRK genes. Transcriptome analysis of tomato fruits under heat stress revealed that most SlCRK genes were downregulated upon heat treatment. GO enrichment analyses of genes that were co-expressed with SlCRK members have identified various stress responses related and proteasomal protein catabolic process related genes, which may be involved in heat stress signaling. Overall, our results provide valuable information for further research on the roles of SlCRKs in response to abiotic stress, especially heat stress.

scholarly journals CBL-Interacting Protein Kinases (CIPKs) in Chickpea: Genome-Wide Identification, Structure and Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stresses and Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Poddar ◽  
Amarjeet Singh ◽  
Shailesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Interacting Protein

Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL)-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) by interacting with CBLs regulate developmental processes, hormone signalling transduction and mediate stress responses in plants. Although the genome of chickpea is available, information of CIPK gene family has been missing in chickpea. Here, a total of 22 CIPK encoding genes were identified in chickpea and characterized by in silico methods. We found a high structural conservation in chickpea CIPK family. Our analysis showed that chickpea CIPKs have evolved with dicots from common ancestors, and extensive gene duplication events have played an important role in evolution and expansion of CIPK family in chickpea. Most chickpea CIPK proteins localize in cytoplasm and nucleus. Promoter analysis revealed various cis-regulatory elements related to plant development, hormone signaling and abiotic stresses. Expression analysis indicated that CIPKs are significantly expressed in a spectrum of developmental stages, tissue/organs that hinted their important role in plant development. Several CIPK genes had specific and overlapping expressions in different abiotic stresses and seed development stages, suggesting the important role of CIPK family in abiotic stress signaling, and seed development in chickpea. Thus, this study provides the avenue for detailed functional characterization of CIPK family in chickpea and other legume crops.

scholarly journals In situ characterisation of phytohormones from wounded Arabidopsis leaves using desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry imaging

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Asta Žukauskaitė ◽  
Ivan Petřík ◽  
Aleš Pěnčík ◽  
Martin Hönig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Ionisation Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Endogenous Regulators ◽  
Ionisation Mass

Phytohormones (plant hormones) are a group of small signalling molecules that act as important endogenous regulators in the plant development and stress responses. Previous research has identified phytohormone species, jasmonates,...

scholarly journals Melatonin as Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Alleviator for Sustainable Agricultural Production: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Ayesha Sarwar ◽  
Bushra Ahmad ◽  
Asma Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Growth Development

Melatonin, a multifunctional signaling molecule, is ubiquitously distributed in different parts of a plant and responsible for stimulating several physiochemical responses against adverse environmental conditions in various plant systems. Melatonin acts as an indoleamine neurotransmitter and is primarily considered as an antioxidant agent that can control reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in plants. Melatonin, being a signaling agent, induces several specific physiological responses in plants that might serve to enhance photosynthesis, growth, carbon fixation, rooting, seed germination and defense against several biotic and abiotic stressors. It also works as an important modulator of gene expression related to plant hormones such as in the metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin and auxin carrier proteins. Additionally, the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related protein and antioxidant enzyme genes under stress conditions make it a more versatile molecule. Because of the diversity of action of melatonin, its role in plant growth, development, behavior and regulation of gene expression it is a plant’s master regulator. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology, growth, development and regulation of higher plants. Its role as anti-stressor agent against various abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is also analyzed critically. Additionally, we have also identified many new aspects where melatonin may have possible roles in plants, for example, its function in improving the storage life and quality of fruits and vegetables, which can be useful in enhancing the environmentally friendly crop production and ensuring food safety.

scholarly journals Genome-wide in silico identification and expression analysis of beta-galactosidase family members in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyun Hou ◽  
Taifeng Du ◽  
Zhen Qin ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Aixian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Biotic Stresses

Abstract Background Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) serves as an important food source for human beings. β-galactosidase (bgal) is a glycosyl hydrolase involved in cell wall modification, which plays essential roles in plant development and environmental stress adaptation. However, the function of bgal genes in sweetpotato remains unclear. Results In this study, 17 β-galactosidase genes (Ibbgal) were identified in sweetpotato, which were classified into seven subfamilies using interspecific phylogenetic and comparative analysis. The promoter regions of Ibbgals harbored several stress, hormone and light responsive cis-acting elements. Quantitative real-time PCR results displayed that Ibbgal genes had the distinct expression patterns across different tissues and varieties. Moreover, the expression profiles under various hormonal treatments, abiotic and biotic stresses were highly divergent in leaves and root. Conclusions Taken together, these findings suggested that Ibbgals might play an important role in plant development and stress responses, which provided evidences for further study of bgal function and sweetpotato breeding.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the Trihelix Gene Family and Their Response to Cold Stress in Dendrobium officinale

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2826
Author(s):  
Yan Tong ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
YuHua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Cis Elements ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Plant

Trihelix transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development and various stress responses. In this study, we identified 32 trihelix family genes (DoGT) in the important Chinese medicinal plant Dendrobium officinale. These trihelix genes could be classified into five different subgroups. The gene structure and conserved functional domain of these trihelix genes were similar in the same subfamily but diverged between different subfamilies. Various stresses responsive cis-elements presented in the promoters of DoGT genes, suggesting that the trihelix genes might respond to the environmental stresses. Expressional changes of DoGT genes in three tissues and under cold treatment suggested that trihelix genes were involved in diverse functions during D. officinale development and cold tolerance. This study provides novel insights into the phylogenetic relationships and functions of the D. officinaletrihelix genes, which will aid future functional studies investigating the divergent roles of trihelix genes belonging to other species.

scholarly journals Contrasting roles of GmNAC065 and GmNAC085 in natural senescence, plant development, multiple stresses and cell death responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Paes Melo ◽  
Isabela Tristan Lourenço-Tessutti ◽  
Otto Teixeira Fraga ◽  
Luanna Bezerra Pinheiro ◽  
Camila Barrozo de Jesus Lins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Lower Stress ◽  
Multiple Stresses ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
Senescence Associated Genes

AbstractNACs are plant-specific transcription factors involved in controlling plant development, stress responses, and senescence. As senescence-associated genes (SAGs), NACs integrate age- and stress-dependent pathways that converge to programmed cell death (PCD). In Arabidopsis, NAC-SAGs belong to well-characterized regulatory networks, poorly understood in soybean. Here, we interrogated the soybean genome and provided a comprehensive analysis of senescence-associated Glycine max (Gm) NACs. To functionally examine GmNAC-SAGs, we selected GmNAC065, a putative ortholog of Arabidopsis ANAC083/VNI2 SAG, and the cell death-promoting GmNAC085, an ANAC072 SAG putative ortholog, for analyses. Expression analysis of GmNAC065 and GmNAC085 in soybean demonstrated (i) these cell death-promoting GmNACs display contrasting expression changes during age- and stress-induced senescence; (ii) they are co-expressed with functionally different gene sets involved in stress and PCD, and (iii) are differentially induced by PCD inducers. Furthermore, we demonstrated GmNAC065 expression delays senescence in Arabidopsis, a phenotype associated with enhanced oxidative performance under multiple stresses, higher chlorophyll, carotenoid and sugar contents, and lower stress-induced PCD compared to wild-type. In contrast, GmNAC085 accelerated stress-induced senescence, causing enhanced chlorophyll loss, ROS accumulation and cell death, decreased antioxidative system expression and activity. Accordingly, GmNAC065 and GmNAC085 targeted functionally contrasting sets of downstream AtSAGs, further indicating that GmNAC85 and GmNAC065 regulators function inversely in developmental and environmental PCD.

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