scholarly journals Pathogenic Hydrogel? A Novel-Entrapment Neuropathy Model Induced by Ultrasound-Guided Perineural Injections

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3494
Author(s):  
Ming-Yen Hsiao ◽  
Ya-Wen Wu ◽  
Wen-Shiang Chen ◽  
Yu-Ling Lin ◽  
Po-Ling Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Entrapment Neuropathy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Perineural Injection ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Free Animal

Entrapment neuropathy (EN) is a prevalent and debilitative condition caused by a complex pathogenesis that involves a chronic compression–edema–ischemia cascade and perineural adhesion that results in excessive shear stress during motion. Despite decades of research, an easily accessible and surgery-free animal model mimicking the mixed etiology is currently lacking, thus limiting our understanding of the disease and the development of effective therapies. In this proof-of-concept study, we used ultrasound-guided perineural injection of a methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-Poly(lactide-co-glycoilide) carboxylic acid (mPEG-PLGA-BOX) hydrogel near the rat’s sciatic nerve to induce EN, as confirmed sonographically, electrophysiologically, and histologically. The nerve that was injected with hydrogel appeared unevenly contoured and swollen proximally with slowed nerve conduction velocities across the injected segments, thus showing the compressive features of EN. Histology showed perineural cellular infiltration, deposition of irregular collagen fibers, and a possible early demyelination process, thus indicating the existence of adhesions. The novel method provides a surgery-free and cost-effective way to establish a small-animal model of EN that has mixed compression and adhesion features, thus facilitating the additional elucidation of the pathophysiology of EN and the search for promising treatments.

A Novel Method for Measuring the Open-Circuit Loss and Short–Circuit Loss of Distribution Transformers Online

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 473-477
Author(s):  
Xia Li ◽  
Min You Chen ◽  
Shan Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Circuit Loss ◽  
Circuit Impedance

The paper proposes a novel method for online measuring the open-circuit loss (OCL) and the short-circuit loss (SCL) of distribution transformer DT, based on the consideration of the drawbacks of the offline measuring method, which is regarded as the mainly and traditionally used methods for measuring the OCL and the SCL of DT. The novel method avoids the drawbacks of the offline method which is not cost-effective and is not good for the reliability of the power supply. Firstly, the relation expression of the short-circuit impedance with respect to the voltage and current of the primary and secondary side is developed from the analysis of the equivalent circuit model of DT, and the relations between the SCL and OCL and the short-circuit impedance are also deduced according to power balance. Then, the online short-circuit impedance is computed by using linear regression technique and the value of online voltage and current of DT. Furthermore, according to the developed relations, the online OCL and the SCL of DT can be acquired by using the obtained short-circuit impedance. Numerical simulations have been carried out on Matlab/smulink and results verified feasibility and effectiveness of the novel method for online measuring the OCL and the SCL of DT.

Novel Validated Method for the Estimation of Capecitabine in Pharmaceutical Dosage forms by First Order Derivative Spectrophotometry

2021 ◽  
pp. 5238-5241
Author(s):  
S. R Karajgi ◽  
Somashekhar M ◽  
Pooja Chincholi ◽  
Laxmi S. Deginal. ◽  
Mhetre Bhouramma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Tablet Dosage

An easy, fast, precise and cost effective First derivative UV estimation method has been investigated for the estimation of Capecitabine in various pharmaceutical dosage forms. The novel method was developed using Shimadzu Spectronic 1800 model UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The region on the UV-spectrum between 240nm to 400nm in distilled water as the solvent was found to be suitable for the first derivative peak measurement of Capecitabine with a Linearity range throughout the concentrations of 40 microgram/ml to 80 microgram/ml. The method was successfully employed for the routine estimation on tablet dosage forms. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. No interference from additives was observed.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness and Safety of Commonly Used Injectates for Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodissection Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Entrapment Syndromes: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montana Buntragulpoontawee ◽  
Ke-Vin Chang ◽  
Timporn Vitoonpong ◽  
Sineenard Pornjaksawan ◽  
Kittipong Kitisak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Entrapment Neuropathy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Perineural Injection ◽  
Entrapment Syndromes

Background: Peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes commonly result in pain, discomfort, and ensuing sensory and motor impairment. Many conservative measures have been proposed as treatment, local injection being one of those measures. Now with high-resolution ultrasound, anatomical details can be visualized allowing diagnosis and more accurate injection treatment. Ultrasound-guided injection technique using a range of injectates to mechanically release and decompress the entrapped nerves has therefore developed called hydrodissection or perineural injection therapy. Several different injectates from normal saline, local anesthetics, corticosteroids, 5% dextrose in water (D5W), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are available and present clinical challenges when selecting agents regarding effectiveness and safety.Aims: To systematically search and summarize the clinical evidence and mechanism of different commonly used injectates for ultrasound-guided hydrodissection entrapment neuropathy treatment.Methods: Four databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane were systematically searched from the inception of the database up to August 22, 2020. Studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of different commonly used injectates for ultrasound-guided hydrodissection entrapment neuropathy treatment were included. Injectate efficacy presents clinical effects on pain intensity, clinical symptoms/function, and physical performance, electrodiagnostic findings, and nerve cross-sectional areas. Safety outcomes and mechanism of action of each injectate were also described.Results: From ten ultrasound-guided hydrodissection studies, nine studies were conducted in carpal tunnel syndrome and one study was performed in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. All studies compared different interventions with different comparisons. Injectates included normal saline, D5W, corticosteroids, local anesthetics, hyaluronidase, and PRP. Five studies investigated PRP or PRP plus splinting comparisons. Both D5W and PRP showed a consistently favorable outcome than those in the control group or corticosteroids. The improved outcomes were also observed in comparison groups using injections with normal saline, local anesthetics, or corticosteroids, or splinting. No serious adverse events were reported. Local steroid injection side effects were reported in only one study.Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided hydrodissection is a safe and effective treatment for peripheral nerve entrapment. Injectate selection should be considered based on the injectate mechanism, effectiveness, and safety profile.

A novel method for the determination of linting propensity of paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽  
LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD
Keyword(s):  
Ash Content ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Total Fraction

A novel method was developed for the determination of linting propensity of paper based on printing with an IGT printability tester and image analysis of the printed strips. On average, the total fraction of the surface removed as lint during printing is 0.01%-0.1%. This value is lower than those reported in most laboratory printing tests, and more representative of commercial offset printing applications. Newsprint paper produced on a roll/blade former machine was evaluated for linting propensity using the novel method and also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. Laboratory and commercial printing results matched well, showing that linting was higher for the bottom side of paper than for the top side, and that linting could be reduced on both sides by application of a dry-strength additive. In a second case study, varying wet-end conditions were used on a hybrid former machine to produce four paper reels, with the goal of matching the low linting propensity of the paper produced on a machine with gap former configuration. We found that the retention program, by improving fiber fines retention, substantially reduced the linting propensity of the paper produced on the hybrid former machine. The papers were also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. An excellent correlation was found between the total lint area removed from the bottom side of the paper samples during laboratory printing and lint collected on halftone areas of the first upper printing unit after 45000 copies. Finally, the method was applied to determine the linting propensity of highly filled supercalendered paper produced on a hybrid former machine. In this case, the linting propensity of the bottom side of paper correlated with its ash content.

scholarly journals REMAXINT: a two-mode clustering-based method for statistical inference on two-way interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
Alberto Cassese ◽  
Gerard van Breukelen ◽  
Jan Schepers
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Type I ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Empirical Case Studies

AbstractWe present a novel method, REMAXINT, that captures the gist of two-way interaction in row by column (i.e., two-mode) data, with one observation per cell. REMAXINT is a probabilistic two-mode clustering model that yields two-mode partitions with maximal interaction between row and column clusters. For estimation of the parameters of REMAXINT, we maximize a conditional classification likelihood in which the random row (or column) main effects are conditioned out. For testing the null hypothesis of no interaction between row and column clusters, we propose a $$max-F$$ m a x - F test statistic and discuss its properties. We develop a Monte Carlo approach to obtain its sampling distribution under the null hypothesis. We evaluate the performance of the method through simulation studies. Specifically, for selected values of data size and (true) numbers of clusters, we obtain critical values of the $$max-F$$ m a x - F statistic, determine empirical Type I error rate of the proposed inferential procedure and study its power to reject the null hypothesis. Next, we show that the novel method is useful in a variety of applications by presenting two empirical case studies and end with some concluding remarks.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for the Preparation of Fibrous CeO2–ZrO2–Y2O3 Compacts for Thermochemical Cycles

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Nicole Knoblauch ◽  
Peter Mechnich
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Redox Cycles ◽  
Redox Kinetics ◽  
Direct Infiltration ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Functional Components

Zirconium-Yttrium-co-doped ceria (Ce0.85Zr0.13Y0.02O1.99) compacts consisting of fibers with diameters in the range of 8–10 µm have been successfully prepared by direct infiltration of commercial YSZ fibers with a cerium oxide matrix and subsequent sintering. The resulting chemically homogeneous fiber-compacts are sinter-resistant up to 1923 K and retain a high porosity of around 58 vol% and a permeability of 1.6–3.3 × 10−10 m² at a pressure gradient of 100–500 kPa. The fiber-compacts show a high potential for the application in thermochemical redox cycling due its fast redox kinetics. The first evaluation of redox kinetics shows that the relaxation time of oxidation is five times faster than that of dense samples of the same composition. The improved gas exchange due to the high porosity also allows higher reduction rates, which enable higher hydrogen yields in thermochemical water-splitting redox cycles. The presented cost-effective fiber-compact preparation method is considered very promising for manufacturing large-scale functional components for solar-thermal high-temperature reactors.

scholarly journals Interrogating the Egypto-Sudanic Arabic Connection

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Leddy-Cecere
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Verbal Inflection ◽  
Segmental Phonology ◽  
Language Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Dialect Classification ◽  
Arabic Speaking

The Arabic dialectology literature repeatedly asserts the existence of a macro-level classificatory relationship binding the Arabic speech varieties of the combined Egypto-Sudanic area. This proposal, though oft-encountered, has not previously been formulated in reference to extensive linguistic criteria, but is instead framed primarily on the nonlinguistic premise of historical demographic and genealogical relationships joining the Arabic-speaking communities of the region. The present contribution provides a linguistically based evaluation of this proposed dialectal grouping, to assess whether the postulated dialectal unity is meaningfully borne out by available language data. Isoglosses from the domains of segmental phonology, phonological processes, pronominal morphology, verbal inflection, and syntax are analyzed across six dialects representing Arabic speech in the region. These are shown to offer minimal support for a unified Egypto-Sudanic dialect classification, but instead to indicate a significant north–south differentiation within the sample—a finding further qualified via application of the novel method of Historical Glottometry developed by François and Kalyan. The investigation concludes with reflection on the implications of these results on the understandings of the correspondence between linguistic and human genealogical relationships in the history of Arabic and in dialectological practice more broadly.

scholarly journals Suspended Sediment Modeling Using a Heuristic Regression Method Hybridized with Kmeans Clustering

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4648
Author(s):  
Rana Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Kulwinder Singh Parmar ◽  
Salim Heddam ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Ozgur Kisi
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Adaptive Regression ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Model Training

The accurate estimation of suspended sediments (SSs) carries significance in determining the volume of dam storage, river carrying capacity, pollution susceptibility, soil erosion potential, aquatic ecological impacts, and the design and operation of hydraulic structures. The presented study proposes a new method for accurately estimating daily SSs using antecedent discharge and sediment information. The novel method is developed by hybridizing the multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) and the Kmeans clustering algorithm (MARS–KM). The proposed method’s efficacy is established by comparing its performance with the adaptive neuro-fuzzy system (ANFIS), MARS, and M5 tree (M5Tree) models in predicting SSs at two stations situated on the Yangtze River of China, according to the three assessment measurements, RMSE, MAE, and NSE. Two modeling scenarios are employed; data are divided into 50–50% for model training and testing in the first scenario, and the training and test data sets are swapped in the second scenario. In Guangyuan Station, the MARS–KM showed a performance improvement compared to ANFIS, MARS, and M5Tree methods in term of RMSE by 39%, 30%, and 18% in the first scenario and by 24%, 22%, and 8% in the second scenario, respectively, while the improvement in RMSE of ANFIS, MARS, and M5Tree was 34%, 26%, and 27% in the first scenario and 7%, 16%, and 6% in the second scenario, respectively, at Beibei Station. Additionally, the MARS–KM models provided much more satisfactory estimates using only discharge values as inputs.

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