Nanoparticles Functionalised with Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes for Cancer Theranostics

Globally, cancer is the second (to cardiovascular diseases) leading cause of death. Regardless of various efforts (i.e., finance, research, and workforce) to advance novel cancer theranostics (diagnosis and therapy), there have been few successful attempts towards ongoing clinical treatment options as a result of the complications posed by cancerous tumors. In recent years, the application of magnetic nanomedicine as theranostic devices has garnered enormous attention in cancer treatment research. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are capable of tuning the magnetic field in their environment, which positively impacts theranostic applications in nanomedicine significantly. MNPs are utilized as contrasting agents for cancer diagnosis, molecular imaging, hyperfusion region visualization, and T cell-based radiotherapy because of their interesting features of small size, high reactive surface area, target ability to cells, and functionalization capability. Radiolabelling of NPs is a powerful diagnostic approach in nuclear medicine imaging and therapy. The use of luminescent radioactive rhenium(I), 188/186Re, tricarbonyl complexes functionalised with magnetite Fe3O4 NPs in nanomedicine has improved the diagnosis and therapy of cancer tumors. This is because the combination of Re(I) with MNPs can improve low distribution and cell penetration into deeper tissues.

Download Full-text

Gold Nanorods for Light-Based Lung Cancer Theranostics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19113318 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 3318 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Oscar Knights ◽

James McLaughlan

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanorods ◽

Photothermal Therapy ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Low Cost ◽

Laser System ◽

Controlled Synthesis ◽

Surface Plasmon Resonances ◽

Plasmon Resonances ◽

Theranostic Applications ◽

Cancer Theranostics

Gold nanorods (AuNRs) have the potential to be used in photoacoustic (PA) imaging and plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) due to their unique optical properties, biocompatibility, controlled synthesis, and tuneable surface plasmon resonances (SPRs). Conventionally, continuous-wave (CW) lasers are used in PPTT partly due to their small size and low cost. However, if pulsed-wave (PW) lasers could be used to destroy tissue then combined theranostic applications, such as PA-guided PPTT, would be possible using the same laser system and AuNRs. In this study, we present the effects of AuNR size on PA response, PW-PPTT efficacy, and PA imaging in a tissue-mimicking phantom, as a necessary step in the development of AuNRs towards clinical use. At equivalent NP/mL, the PA signal intensity scaled with AuNR size, indicating that overall mass has an effect on PA response, and reinforcing the importance of efficient tumour targeting. Under PW illumination, all AuNRs showed toxicity at a laser fluence below the maximum permissible exposure to skin, with a maximum of 80% cell-death exhibited by the smallest AuNRs, strengthening the feasibility of PW-PPTT. The theranostic potential of PW lasers combined with AuNRs has been demonstrated for application in the lung.

Download Full-text

Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience

10.20944/preprints202111.0100.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Meric Ozturk ◽

Marit Nilsen-Hamilton ◽

Muslum Ilgu

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Nucleic Acid ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Health Community ◽

Theranostic Applications ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion dis-ease, or brain tumors. Diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theranostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneer studies to apply aptamers, which show promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.

Download Full-text

Introducing the leapfrog design: A simple Bayesian adaptive rolling trial design for accelerated treatment development and optimization

10.31234/osf.io/zywpr ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simon Edward Blackwell ◽

Marcella Woud ◽

Jürgen Margraf ◽

Felix D. Schönbrodt

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Science Research ◽

Clinical Translation ◽

Psychological Treatments ◽

Multiple Treatment ◽

Accelerate Development ◽

New Variant ◽

Research Findings ◽

Treatment Research ◽

New Treatment

The application of basic science research to the development and optimization of psychological treatments holds great potential. However, this process of clinical translation is challenging and time-consuming, and the standard route by which it proceeds is inefficient. Adaptive rolling designs, which originated within cancer treatment research, provide an alternative methodology with potential to accelerate development and optimization of psychological treatments. In such designs, multiple treatment options are tested simultaneously, with sequential Bayesian analyses used to remove poorly performing arms. Further, new treatment arms informed by the latest research findings can be introduced into the existing infrastructure as the trial progresses. These features drastically reduce the sample sizes needed and offer a means for more rapid and efficient clinical translation. This paper outlines the utility of such designs to clinical psychological science, focusing on a new variant termed the ‘leapfrog’ design, and discusses their potential uses to accelerate clinical translation.

Download Full-text

Aortic tumour

ESC CardioMed ◽

10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0626 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 2619-2621

Author(s):

Francesca Urgnani ◽

Vincent Riambau

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Aortic Occlusion ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽

Mesenchymal Neoplasms ◽

Low Levels ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

Clinical Conditions

Primary malignant tumours of the aorta are extremely rare and aggressive mesenchymal neoplasms. Symptoms can be related to embolization or aortic occlusion. Diagnosis is difficult since they may mimic heterogeneous clinical conditions. The therapeutic management of aortic tumours shows poor outcomes. Improvements in imaging for an earlier and more precise detection of this pathology, as well as better treatment options, are needed. Hopefully, they will come in the future from advances in nuclear medicine imaging systems and treatment with monoclonal antibodies. However, diagnostic and therapeutic improvements are complicated by the low levels of experience on this condition and the reduced available literature, due to the rarity of the pathology.

Download Full-text

Hexa-functional tumour-seeking nano voyagers and annihilators for synergistic cancer theranostic applications

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c8nr06116e ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (41) ◽

pp. 19568-19578 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arathyram Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala ◽

Afeesh Rajan Unnithan ◽

Reju George Thomas ◽

Tumurbaatar Batgerel ◽

Yong Yeon Jeong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Nanocomposite ◽

Theranostic Applications ◽

Cancer Theranostics

A hexa-functional tumor seeking smart magnetic nanocomposite is reported for its application in highly noninvasive cancer theranostics.

Download Full-text

Assessing Suitability of Co@Au Core/Shell Nanoparticle Geometry for Improved Theranostics in Colon Carcinoma

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11082048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2048

Author(s):

Udesh Dhawan ◽

Ching-Li Tseng ◽

Huey-Yuan Wang ◽

Shin-Yun Hsu ◽

Meng-Tsan Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Colon Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Core Shell ◽

Medium Temperature ◽

Ample Evidence ◽

Au Nps ◽

Geometric Difference ◽

Theranostic Applications ◽

Cancer Theranostics

The interactions between cells and nanomaterials at the nanoscale play a pivotal role in controlling cellular behavior and ample evidence links cell intercommunication to nanomaterial size. However, little is known about the effect of nanomaterial geometry on cell behavior. To elucidate this and to extend the application in cancer theranostics, we have engineered core–shell cobalt–gold nanoparticles with spherical (Co@Au NPs) and elliptical morphology (Co@Au NEs). Our results show that owing to superparamagnetism, Co@Au NPs can generate hyperthermia upon magnetic field stimulation. In contrast, due to the geometric difference, Co@Au NEs can be optically excited to generate hyperthermia upon photostimulation and elevate the medium temperature to 45 °C. Both nanomaterial geometries can be employed as prospective contrast agents; however, at identical concentration, Co@Au NPs exhibited 4-fold higher cytotoxicity to L929 fibroblasts as compared to Co@Au NEs, confirming the effect of nanomaterial geometry on cell fate. Furthermore, photostimulation-generated hyperthermia prompted detachment of anti-cancer drug, Methotrexate (MTX), from Co@Au NEs-MTX complex and which triggered 90% decrease in SW620 colon carcinoma cell viability, confirming their application in cancer theranostics. The geometry-based perturbation of cell fate can have a profound impact on our understanding of interactions at nano-bio interface which can be exploited for engineering materials with optimized geometries for superior theranostic applications.

Download Full-text