scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Response to Fusarium culmorum Infection in Three Durum Wheat Genotypes at Seedling and Full Anthesis Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7433
Author(s):  
Jakub Pastuszak ◽  
Anna Szczerba ◽  
Michał Dziurka ◽  
Marta Hornyák ◽  
Przemysław Kopeć ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Bound Phenolics ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Yield Decrease ◽  
Selection Of

Fusarium culmorum is a worldwide, soil-borne plant pathogen. It causes diseases of cereals, reduces their yield, and fills the grain with toxins. The main direction of modern breeding is to select wheat genotypes the most resistant to Fusarium diseases. This study uses seedlings and plants at the anthesis stage to analyze total soluble carbohydrates, total and cell-wall bound phenolics, chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, hydrogen peroxide content, mycotoxin accumulation, visual symptoms of the disease, and Fusarium head blight index (FHBi). These results determine the resistance of three durum wheat accessions. We identify physiological or biochemical markers of durum wheat resistance to F. culmorum. Our results confirm correlations between FHBi and mycotoxin accumulation in the grain, which results in grain yield decrease. The degree of spike infection (FHBi) may indicate accumulation mainly of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the grain. High catalase activity in the infected leaves could be considered a biochemical marker of durum sensitivity to this fungus. These findings allowed us to formulate a strategy for rapid evaluation of the disease severity and the selection of plants with higher level, or resistance to F. culmorum infection.

scholarly journals Comparison of rye, triticale, durum wheat and bread wheat genotypes for Fusarium head blight resistance and deoxynivalenol contamination

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sewordor Gaikpa ◽  
Bärbel Lieberherr ◽  
Hans Peter Maurer ◽  
C. Friedrich H. Longin ◽  
Thomas Miedaner
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

scholarly journals Soluble free phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacity of bread and durum wheat genotypes

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Zilic ◽  
Vesna Hadzi-Taskovic-Sukalovic ◽  
Dejan Dodig ◽  
Vuk Maksimovic ◽  
Vesna Kandic
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Bound Phenolics

The objective of this study was to determine phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant capacity in the grain of ten bread (T. aestivum L.) and ten durum (T. durum Desf.) wheat genotypes. Soluble free forms of total phenolics, flavonoids, PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) bound phenolics, proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids were investigated. In addition, the correlation coefficients between total antioxidant capacities and the concentration of different soluble free phenolic compounds, as well as between soluble free total phenolics and phenolic acids, flavonoids and PVPP bound phenolics were determined. Significant differences in the content of aceton/water extractable total phenolics, PVPP bound phenolics and phenolic acids between and within two wheat species were found. On the average, durum wheat samples had about 1.19-fold higher total phenolic compounds and about 1.5-fold higher PVPP bound phenolics than bread wheat samples. Three phenolic acids, ferulic, caffeic and chlorogenic, were detected in wholemeal bread wheat. Caffeic acid was not found in durum wheat samples whilst ferulic acid was the most abundant. Proanthocyanidins in bread and durum wheat genotypes were not detected. The antioxidant capacity measured as the DPPH radical scavenging activity was similar in wholemeal of bread and durum wheat, however, significant differences were observed among genotypes within species.

scholarly journals On the biocontrol by Trichoderma afroharzianum against Fusarium culmorum responsible of fusarium head blight and crown rot of wheat in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Bouanaka ◽  
Ines Bellil ◽  
Wahiba Harrat ◽  
Saoussene Boussaha ◽  
Abdelkader Benbelkacem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Progress Curve

Abstract Background Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is one of the most important cereals in the world. Unfortunately, the wheat plant is a target of several species of the genus Fusarium. This genus causes two serious diseases: fusarium crown rot (FCR) and fusarium head blight (FHB). The search for new indigenous strains of Trichoderma with a high potential for biocontrol against these two diseases was the purpose of this study. Results Biocontrol potential of 15 isolates of Trichoderma (T1 to T15), isolated from different rhizosphere soils and Algerian ecosystems, was evaluated against 4 strains of Fusarium culmorum (FC11, FC2, FC4, and FC20); the main causative agent of FCR and FHB. The efficacy of biological control by Trichoderma spp., evaluated by in vitro tests (direct and indirect confrontation), was confirmed by in vivo bioassays. The in vitro results showed a significant inhibition of mycelial growth of F. culmorum species than the control. The highest percentages of inhibition were obtained by T9, T12, and T14 isolates causing a maximum inhibition percentage of 81.81, 77.27, and 80.68%, respectively. T14 was selected for biocontrol in in vivo testing. A tube and pot experiments for FCR against F. culmorum showed that T14 decreased the disease severity with 50 and 63.63% reduction, respectively. FHB infection was significantly reduced by T14 in all durum wheat cultivars tested, where %AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) reduction was 49.77, 43.43, 48.25, and 74.60% for Simeto, Waha, Bousselem, and Setifis genotypes, respectively. Yields also increased significantly for almost all cultivars. The antagonistic T14 was characterized based on molecular tools, using translation elongation factor1-alpha (TEF1-α) and internal transcribed spacers rDNA (ITS1). The results identified T14 as T. afroharzianum with accession numbers attributed by NCBI GenBank as MW171248 and MW159753. Conclusions Trichoderma afroharzianum, evaluated for the first time in Algeria as biocontrol agent, is a promising biocontrol approach against FCR and FHB.

The use of a combination scoring index to improve durum productivity under drought stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scoring Index

AbstractBreeding for drought tolerance using novel genetic resources possessing relevant agronomic and adaptive traits is a key to enhance productivity and food security in wheat growing areas. Herein, the main objectives were (i) to use a combination scoring index (multiple scoring index, (MSI)) for selection of durum wheat genotypes under different drought stress intensities (SIs) (ii) to examine repeatability of the scoring index through bootstrap re-sample method, and (iii) to study the relationship of MSI with some drought-adaptive traits. Sixteen durum wheat genotypes were grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions during three cropping seasons (2012–2015), resulting in different drought SIs, that is, mild (SI < 0.3), moderate (0.3 < SI < 0.6), and severe (SI > 0.6). The average grain yields among test environments varied between 708 and 3631 kg ha−1. The validation of the methodology of scoring index was confirmed by the correlation coefficients between score indices and their original values across different drought SIs. According to MSI, the genotypes G16, G1, and G3 had the best combination of high productivity and high resilience to mild, moderate, and severe drought stress conditions, respectively. These results indicated that the ranking of genotypes varied among different drought SIs, which support the high potential of durum wheat for adaptation to different drought stress conditions. Based on the bootstrap samples, non-repeatable correlations were observed between the estimates of MSI from different levels of stress. The significant correlation between MSI with grain yield and 1000-kernel weight (TKW) under severe drought condition provides evidence that MSI ultimately be considered as a tool for effective selection of drought-tolerant genotypes. The MSI selected genotypes based on high productivity and resilience, to each level of drought SI, and favorable adaptive traits useful for breeding.

scholarly journals FcRav2 , a gene with a ROGDI domain involved in Fusarium head blight and crown rot on durum wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Spanu ◽  
Barbara Scherm ◽  
Irene Camboni ◽  
Virgilio Balmas ◽  
Giovanna Pani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals Varietal Variation in Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Durum Wheat Genotypes under Salinity Stress 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobha Soni ◽  
Nirmala Sehrawat ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Charu Lata ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Dual Response ◽  
Varietal Variation ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Background: Rapid global warming associated with abiotic stresses particularly salinity stress directly poses a major challenge to the present-day agriculture. Wheat is moderately sensitive crop that occupies the largest total harvested area among the cereals including rice and maize. Durum wheat is considered as a less tolerant to bread wheat, hence, the study aims to investigate the response of durum wheat genotypes under salinity stress. Methods: A randomised block design experiment involving five durum wheat genotypes viz; HI 8737, HD 4728, HD 4730, MACS 3972 and HI 8708 and two levels of salinity i.e. normal water (Control) and saline water (ECiw -10.0 dSm-1) was conducted with three replications during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The observations on different physico-biochemical parameters were recorded in roots as well as shoots at the vegetative stage. Result: Salinity of 10 dS m-1 water caused 26.36% reduction in the chlorophyll content in comparison to control. Among osmolytes, salinity stress caused dual response i.e. limits the accumulation of TSS in roots whereas it enhanced the TSS accumulation in shoot, while reverse trend was noted for proteins. Salt stress enhanced the accumulation of proline and antioxidative enzymes activities in both root and shoot in comparison to control.

scholarly journals Role of exogenous application of abscisic acid ABA in drought tolerance and evaluation of antioxidant activity in durum wheat genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
R. Bousba ◽  
M. Rached-Kanouni ◽  
N. Benghersallah ◽  
A. Djekoune ◽  
N. Ykhlef
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Exogenous Treatment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractSurvival under stressful circumstance depends on the plant’s aptitude to perceive the stimulus, generate and transmit the signals, and initiate various physiological and biochemical changes. This study aims to evaluate the exogenous seed treatment by abscissic acid (ABA) in durum wheat genotypes under water stress conditions. In this investigation, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential role of exogenously applied abscicic acid in improving drought tolerance in wheat. Three contrasting wheat genotypes were used in this work: Hoggar, Hedba3 and Sigus. Two levels of water stress were induced: 2h and 4h, the aim of this work was to evaluate the action of seed exogenous treatment with ABA for 8 and 16h on physiological and biochemical parameters like stomatal resistance, antioxidant enzyme activity and quantification of ABA by HPLC. The results showed that water stress caused a decrease in endogenous ABA concentration in the roots of the stressed varieties with the exception of Hedba3. Furthermore, after ABA treatment for 16h, the two genotypes Hedba 3 and Hogar showed a higher accumulation of this phytohormone, compared to Sigus variety which marks a decrease in this concentration and which can be explained by the consumption of the ABA in the defense against the ROS.

scholarly journals The effect of blue and red light on physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
I. V. Azizov ◽  
F. I. Gasymova ◽  
U. F. Ibragimova ◽  
K. R. Tagiyeva ◽  
A. B. Abdullayeva
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Aim. The effect of blue and red light on the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, the content of proteins and soluble carbohydrates in the leaves of wheat varieties under the action of sodium chloride were investigated. Methods. The objects of research were bread wheat Saratovskaya-29 (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat Barakatli-95 (Triticum durum Desf.). Plants were grown in laboratory conditions in an aqueous medium using a Knoop nutrient medium. Experimental plants were coated with transparent films transmitting light at wavelengths of 420-480 nm (blue light) and 640-680 nm (red light). During the growing season, samples of fully formed leaves were taken for physiological and biochemical studies every week at 11 a.m. Results. Under the action of sodium chloride, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in white light was higher than in blue and red light (table). Low catalase activity was also observed in blue and red light under the influence of sodium chloride in both varieties. In bread wheat variety Saratovskaya -29 level of hydrogen peroxide, the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes was lower than that of the Barakatli-95 durum wheat variety. Conclusions. Blue light stimulated the synthesis of proteins, while red light stimulated the synthesis of carbohydrates. Blue and red light prevented the formation of H2O2 under the influence of NaCl. Keywords: blue light, red light, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proteins, carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Chitosan Hydrochloride Decreases Fusarium graminearum Growth and Virulence and Boosts Growth, Development and Systemic Acquired Resistance in Two Durum Wheat Genotypes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4752
Author(s):  
Sara Francesconi ◽  
Barbara Steiner ◽  
Hermann Buerstmayr ◽  
Marc Lemmens ◽  
Michael Sulyok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Chitosan Hydrochloride ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease for cereals. FHB is managed by fungicides at anthesis, but their efficacy is variable. Conventional fungicides accumulate in the soil and are dangerous for animal and human health. This study assayed the antifungal ability of chitosan hydrochloride against Fusarium graminearum. Chitosan reduced F. graminearum growth and downregulated the transcript of the major genes involved in the cell growth, respiration, virulence, and trichothecenes biosynthesis. Chitosan promoted the germination rate, the root and coleoptile development, and the nitrogen balance index in two durum wheat genotypes, Marco Aurelio (FHB-susceptible) and DBC480 (FHB-resistant). Chitosan reduced FHB severity when applied on spikes or on the flag leaves. FHB severity in DBC480 was of 6% at 21 dpi after chitosan treatments compared to F. graminearum inoculated control (20%). The elicitor-like property of chitosan was confirmed by the up-regulation of TaPAL, TaPR1 and TaPR2 (around 3-fold). Chitosan decreased the fungal spread and mycotoxins accumulation. This study demonstrated that the non-toxic chitosan is a powerful molecule with the potential to replace the conventional fungicides. The combination of a moderately resistant genotype (DBC480) with a sustainable compound (chitosan) will open new frontiers for the reduction of conventional compounds in agriculture.

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