Varietal Variation in Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Durum Wheat Genotypes under Salinity Stress

Background: Rapid global warming associated with abiotic stresses particularly salinity stress directly poses a major challenge to the present-day agriculture. Wheat is moderately sensitive crop that occupies the largest total harvested area among the cereals including rice and maize. Durum wheat is considered as a less tolerant to bread wheat, hence, the study aims to investigate the response of durum wheat genotypes under salinity stress. Methods: A randomised block design experiment involving five durum wheat genotypes viz; HI 8737, HD 4728, HD 4730, MACS 3972 and HI 8708 and two levels of salinity i.e. normal water (Control) and saline water (ECiw -10.0 dSm-1) was conducted with three replications during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The observations on different physico-biochemical parameters were recorded in roots as well as shoots at the vegetative stage. Result: Salinity of 10 dS m-1 water caused 26.36% reduction in the chlorophyll content in comparison to control. Among osmolytes, salinity stress caused dual response i.e. limits the accumulation of TSS in roots whereas it enhanced the TSS accumulation in shoot, while reverse trend was noted for proteins. Salt stress enhanced the accumulation of proline and antioxidative enzymes activities in both root and shoot in comparison to control.

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Evaluation of experimental designs in durum wheat trials

Biometrical Letters ◽

10.1515/bile-2015-0010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 105-114

Author(s):

Anastasios Katsileros ◽

Christos Koukouvinos

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Trials ◽

Experimental Designs ◽

Incomplete Block ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Experimental Plots

Abstract Variability among experimental plots may be a relevant problem in field genotype experiments, especially when a large number of entries are involved. Four field trials on 24 durum wheat genotypes were conducted in 2013/14 in order to evaluate the efficiency of Incomplete Block, Alpha and Augmented designs in comparison with the traditional Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results showed that the RCBD can be replaced by an Alpha design, which provides better control of variability among the experimental units when the number of treatments to be tested in an experiment exceeds twenty. The ranking of the genotypes across the four designs was not constant.

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Physiological and Biochemical Response to Fusarium culmorum Infection in Three Durum Wheat Genotypes at Seedling and Full Anthesis Stage

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7433

Author(s):

Jakub Pastuszak ◽

Anna Szczerba ◽

Michał Dziurka ◽

Marta Hornyák ◽

Przemysław Kopeć ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Head Blight ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Modern Breeding ◽

Bound Phenolics ◽

Physiological And Biochemical ◽

Yield Decrease ◽

Selection Of

Fusarium culmorum is a worldwide, soil-borne plant pathogen. It causes diseases of cereals, reduces their yield, and fills the grain with toxins. The main direction of modern breeding is to select wheat genotypes the most resistant to Fusarium diseases. This study uses seedlings and plants at the anthesis stage to analyze total soluble carbohydrates, total and cell-wall bound phenolics, chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, hydrogen peroxide content, mycotoxin accumulation, visual symptoms of the disease, and Fusarium head blight index (FHBi). These results determine the resistance of three durum wheat accessions. We identify physiological or biochemical markers of durum wheat resistance to F. culmorum. Our results confirm correlations between FHBi and mycotoxin accumulation in the grain, which results in grain yield decrease. The degree of spike infection (FHBi) may indicate accumulation mainly of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the grain. High catalase activity in the infected leaves could be considered a biochemical marker of durum sensitivity to this fungus. These findings allowed us to formulate a strategy for rapid evaluation of the disease severity and the selection of plants with higher level, or resistance to F. culmorum infection.

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Biometric variables and photosynthetic pigments in tamarind seedlings irrigated with saline water and biofertilizers

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p1909 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1909

Author(s):

Antonio João de Lima Neto ◽

Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽

Járisson Cavalcante Nunes ◽

Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto ◽

Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Seedling Biomass ◽

Input Techniques ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Saline level of water or soil beyond the limit tolerated by crops may impair morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes of plants in general, including tamarind. This problem requires the adoption of management and input techniques to reduce the degenerative effects of salts on plant species. In this sense, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of bovine biofertilizers on biometric variables and chlorophyll contents in tamarind seedlings irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted from October 2012 to January 2013, in Areia, PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications and five plants per plot in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, consisting of electrical conductivity of water of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m?1 and soil without and with common and chemically enriched biofertilizers. Leaf area, shoot dry matter, and contents of chlorophyll a, b, total, and carotenoids were assessed at 100 days after sowing. The increased water salinity reduced leaf area and seedling biomass formation, with a higher intensity in the soil without biofertilizer. The addition of biofertilizers allows the formation of tamarind seedlings irrigated with water of a salinity not tolerated by them when cultivated in the soil without the tested inputs.

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Variability of durum wheat genotypes in terms of physio-biochemical traits against salinity stress

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1007/s42976-020-00087-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shobha Soni ◽

Ashwani Kumar ◽

Nirmala Sehrawat ◽

Naresh Kumar ◽

Gurpreet Kaur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Biochemical Traits ◽

Wheat Genotypes

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Fisiologia da percepção do estresse salino em híbridos de tangerineira “Sunki Comum” sob solução hidropônica salinizada

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v6i4.1121 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 463 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽

Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito ◽

Luderlândio de Andrade Silva ◽

Romulo Carantino Lucena Moreira ◽

Pedro Dantas Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Saline Water ◽

Water Solution ◽

Block Design ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Stress Changes

In order to study the physiology of perception of saline stress in ‘Common Sunki’ mandarin hybrids, an experiment was realized in a greenhouse at the CCTA - UFCG, Pombal, PB, Brazil,using using a randomized block design with a 2x4 factorial , with two levels of salinity (0.3 and 4.0 dS m-1) and four ‘Common Sunki’ mandarin hybrids (1 - TSKC x CTARG–019; 2 - TSKC x CTSW–028; 3 - TSKC x CTSW–033 and 4 - TSKC x CTSW-041), with three replications and four plants per plot. The plants were grown hydroponically and 90 days after sowing, a saline water solution was applied on rootstocks and evaluations of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were carried out 24 and 48 hours after saline stress. Changes on physiologic conditions were observed in the hybrids TSKC x CTSW - 028, TSKC x CTSW - 033 and TSKC x CTSW - 041 during the first 24 hours of saline stress. Fot the hybrid TSKC x CTARG – 019, changes were observed after 48 hours od salinity stress. According to salinity tolerance, the hybrids could be classified as follows: TSKC x CTARG - 019 > TSKC x CTSW - 028 = TSKC x CTSW – 041 > TSKC x CTSW - 033.

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Role of exogenous application of abscisic acid ABA in drought tolerance and evaluation of antioxidant activity in durum wheat genotypes

Acta Scientifica Naturalis ◽

10.2478/asn-2020-0019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 44-60

Author(s):

R. Bousba ◽

M. Rached-Kanouni ◽

N. Benghersallah ◽

A. Djekoune ◽

N. Ykhlef

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Potential Role ◽

Stomatal Resistance ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Hydroponic Experiment ◽

Exogenous Treatment ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractSurvival under stressful circumstance depends on the plant’s aptitude to perceive the stimulus, generate and transmit the signals, and initiate various physiological and biochemical changes. This study aims to evaluate the exogenous seed treatment by abscissic acid (ABA) in durum wheat genotypes under water stress conditions. In this investigation, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential role of exogenously applied abscicic acid in improving drought tolerance in wheat. Three contrasting wheat genotypes were used in this work: Hoggar, Hedba3 and Sigus. Two levels of water stress were induced: 2h and 4h, the aim of this work was to evaluate the action of seed exogenous treatment with ABA for 8 and 16h on physiological and biochemical parameters like stomatal resistance, antioxidant enzyme activity and quantification of ABA by HPLC. The results showed that water stress caused a decrease in endogenous ABA concentration in the roots of the stressed varieties with the exception of Hedba3. Furthermore, after ABA treatment for 16h, the two genotypes Hedba 3 and Hogar showed a higher accumulation of this phytohormone, compared to Sigus variety which marks a decrease in this concentration and which can be explained by the consumption of the ABA in the defense against the ROS.

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Evaluation of the sole and integrated application of nano-graphene oxide, zeolite, and chitosan on gas exchanges and silymarin content of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under salinity stress

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.05.p3131 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 743-756

Author(s):

Sara Safikhan ◽

Mohammad Reza Chaichi

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Saline Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Plant Production ◽

Milk Thistle ◽

Nano Materials ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Water Control

Identifying environmental factors, plant characteristics, and agronomic activities plays an essential role in medicinal plant production. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) is a well-known medicinal plant with extensive use in diverse liver diseases and is economically a significant crop. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of the sole and integrated applications of graphene oxide (GO), zeolite, and chitosan as modifying materials on gas exchange and the secondary metabolites of milk thistle under severe salinity stress. Seven sole and integrated combinations of nano-materials comprised of T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, and control (T8, no nano-materials application) and two levels of saline water (12 ds/m) and tap water (control, 0.8 ds/m) were applied to the soil of experimental plots based on a factorial design with three replications. The results showed that the highest photosynthesis rate was obtained with T7 treatment for both water treatments. The highest plant silymarin concentration was obtained from the T6 treatment under both saline and tap water conditions. This treatment increased the silymarin concentration by 15.9% compared to the T8. The highest plant silymarin yield (180 mg per plant) was recorded for the T7 under tap water (control) condition, and 130.3 mg/plant for T6 under salinity stress, respectively. The Transmission Electron Microscope technology indicated that GO at low concentration (0.01%) could be safely used to enhance milk thistle germination and growth under severe salinity stress conditions

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CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND YIELD TRAITS UNDER SALINITY STRESS CONDITION IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) GENOTYPES

Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.47432/2020.36.2.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 129-134

Author(s):

N. Gandahi ◽

A. W. Baloch ◽

S. M. Sarki ◽

M. M. Lund ◽

M. N. Kandhro

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Block Design ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Yield Traits ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Relative Water ◽

Improvement Programs

Salinity is one of the key factors reducing the plant growth and productivity of major crops including wheat. However, identifying the multiple genetic parameters associated with salt tolerance during different growth stages is critical for the evaluation and enhancement of wheat genotypes. In this context, a field experiment in non-saline and saline soil was carried out for correlation analysis of 17 morphological, physiological and yield traits in 22 genotypes of wheat. The experiment was carried out at experimental field of NIA, Tandojam during 2018-2019 in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and two treatments (non-saline soil and salinity level of 12 dS m-1). The obtained mean squares showed significant differences among the tested genotypes for all the studied characters, reflecting that there are abundant genetic variations present in these wheat genetic resources for further utilization in wheat improvement programs. The correlation analysis demonstrated that a variety of characters, including spike length (non-saline r = 0.59**; salinity r = 0.37*), spikelets spike-1 (non-saline r = 0.49**; salinity r = 0.46**), grains spike-1 (non-saline r = 0.49**; salinity r = 0.43**), biological yield plot-1 (non-saline r = 0.56**; salinity r = 0.70**), harvest index (non-saline r = 0.24*; salinity r = 0.26*), relative water content (non-saline r = 0.53**; salinity r = 0.50**), seed index (non-saline r = 0.29*; salinity r = 0.52**) and K+ (non-saline r = 0.28*; salinity r = 0.32**) showed positive and significant associations with grain yield plot-1 in non-saline and salinity stress conditions. The results suggest that these above-mentioned characters may be set as selection criteria in breeding study to improve wheat genotypes for high yielding under saline filed conditions.

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Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Some Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Genotypes under Salinity Stress

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5473 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N. P. Singh ◽

Renu Yadav ◽

Anita Rani Santal

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Principal Component ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Internal Mechanism ◽

Physiological And Biochemical ◽

Insight Into ◽

Carotenoid Degradation

Physiological and biochemical parameters of plants among five wheat genotypes: KH-65, KRL-210, KRL-99, PBW-343 and PBW-373 were studied. Wheat plantlets, at three-leaf stage, were supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM of NaCl for 48 hours. Principal component analysis revealed chlorophyll and carotenoid degradation as best salinity indicator for studied wheat genotypes. Salt tolerance levels of studied wheat genotypes were in the order: KH-65 greater than KRL-210 greater than KRL-99 greater than PBW-343 greater than PBW-373. The study has revealed that observed physiological and biochemical data may provide an insight into the existence of internal mechanism in salt tolerant genotypes to cope up with salinity stress.

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