The Capsicum baccatum-Specific Truncated NLR Protein CbCN Enhances the Innate Immunity against Colletotrichum acutatum

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) is an important fruit and spice used globally, but its yield is seriously threatened by anthracnose. Capsicum baccatum (C. baccatum) is particularly valuable as it carries advantageous disease resistance genes. However, most of the genes remain to be identified. In this study, we identified the C. baccatum-specific gene CbCN, which encodes a truncated nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat protein in the anthracnose resistant chili pepper variety PBC80. The transcription of CbCN was greater in PBC80 than it was in the susceptible variety An-S after Colletotrichum acutatum inoculation. In order to investigate the biological function of CbCN, we generated transgenic tobacco lines constitutively expressing CbCN. Notably, CbCN-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited enhanced resistance to C. acutatum compared to wild-type plants. Moreover, the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes was remarkably increased in a CbCN-overexpressing tobacco plants. In order to confirm these results in chili pepper, we silenced the CbCN gene using the virus-induced gene silencing system. The anthracnose resistance and expressions of PR1, PR2, and NPR1 were significantly reduced in CbCN-silenced chili peppers after C. acutatum inoculations. These results indicate that CbCN enhances the innate immunity against anthracnose caused by C. acutatum by regulating defense response genes.

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Identification of the Capsicum baccatum NLR Protein CbAR9 Conferring Disease Resistance to Anthracnose

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222212612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (22) ◽

pp. 12612

Author(s):

Seungmin Son ◽

Soohong Kim ◽

Kyong Sil Lee ◽

Jun Oh ◽

Inchan Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Function ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Leucine Rich Repeat ◽

Wild Type ◽

Pr Genes ◽

Transcript Levels ◽

Colletotrichum Species ◽

Enhanced Resistance ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

Trait Locus

Anthracnose is caused by Colletotrichum species and is one of the most virulent fungal diseases affecting chili pepper (Capsicum) yield globally. However, the noble genes conferring resistance to Colletotrichum species remain largely elusive. In this study, we identified CbAR9 as the causal locus underlying the large effect quantitative trait locus CcR9 from the anthracnose-resistant chili pepper variety PBC80. CbAR9 encodes a nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein related to defense-associated NLRs in several other plant species. CbAR9 transcript levels were induced dramatically after Colletotrichum capsici infection. To explore the biological function, we generated transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana lines overexpressing CbAR9, which showed enhanced resistance to C. capsici relative to wild-type plants. Transcript levels of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes increased markedly in CbAR9-overexpressing N. benthamiana plants. Moreover, resistance to anthracnose and transcript levels of PR1 and PR2 were markedly reduced in CbAR9-silenced chili pepper fruits after C. capsici infection. Our results revealed that CbAR9 contributes to innate immunity against C. capsici.

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Cotton CC-NBS-LRR Gene GbCNL130 Confers Resistance to Verticillium Wilt Across Different Species

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.695691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Tinggang Li ◽

Qianqian Zhang ◽

Xilong Jiang ◽

Ran Li ◽

Nikhilesh Dhar

Keyword(s):

Verticillium Wilt ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Pr Genes ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

In The Wild ◽

Plant Genes ◽

Research Findings

Verticillium wilt (VW) is a destructive disease in cotton caused by Verticillium dahliae and has a significant impact on yield and quality. In the absence of safe and effective chemical control, VW is difficult to manage. Thus, at present, developing resistant varieties is the most economical and effective method of controlling Verticillium wilt of cotton. The CC-NBS-LRR (CNL) gene family is an important class of plant genes involved in disease resistance. This study identified 141 GbCNLs in Gossypium barbadense genome, with 37.5% (53 genes) GbCNLs enriched in 12 gene clusters (GC01–GC12) based on gene distribution in the chromosomes. Especially, seven GbCNLs from two largest clusters (GC11 and GC12) were significantly upregulated in the resistant cultivar (Hai No. 7124) and the susceptible (Giza No. 57). Virus-induced gene silencing of GbCNL130 in G. barbadense, one typical gene in the gene cluster 12 (GC12), significantly altered the response to VW, compromising plant resistance to V. dahliae. In contrast, GbCNL130 overexpression significantly increased the resistance to VW in the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on our research findings presented here, we conclude that GbCNL130 promotes resistance to VW by activating the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense response pathway resulting in strong accumulation of reactive oxygen species and upregulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. In conclusion, our study resulted in the discovery of a new CNL resistance gene in cotton, GbCNL130, that confers resistance to VW across different hosts.

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PlWRKY13: A Transcription Factor Involved in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses in Paeonia lactiflora

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20235953 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (23) ◽

pp. 5953

Author(s):

Xue Wang ◽

Junjie Li ◽

Xianfeng Guo ◽

Yan Ma ◽

Qian Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Active Role ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Paeonia Lactiflora ◽

Pr Genes ◽

Resistance Pathway ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

Increased Sensitivity

Many members of the WRKY family regulate plant growth and development. Recent studies have shown that members of the WRKY family, specifically WRKY13, play various roles in the regulation of plant stress resistance. To study the function of WRKY family members in peony, the PlWRKY13 gene (KY271095) was cloned from peony leaves. Sequence analysis and subcellular localization results revealed that PlWRKY13 has no introns, belongs to the type IIc subgroup of the WRKY family, and functions in the nucleus. The expression pattern of PlWRKY13 was analysed via real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), which showed that the expression of PlWRKY13 was induced by four types of abiotic stress, low-temperature, high-temperature, waterlogging and salt stress, and was positively upregulated in response to these stresses. In addition, the expression of PlWRKY13 tended to first decrease and then increase after infection with Alternaria tenuissima. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was used to explore the function of PlWRKY13 in the resistance of Paeonia lactiflora to fungal infection further, and the results showed that PlWRKY13-silenced plants displayed increased sensitivity to A. tenuissima. The infection was more severe and the disease index (DI) significantly greater in the PlWRKY13-silenced plants than in the control plants, and the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes was also significantly altered in the PlWRKY13-silenced plants compared with the control plants. The contents of the endogenous hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were measured, and the results showed that the JA content increased gradually after infection with A. tenuissima and that JA may play an active role in the resistance of P. lactiflora to pathogen infection, while the SA content decreased after PlWRKY13 silencing. The contents of the two hormones decreased overall, suggesting that they are related to the transcription of PlWRKY13 and that PlWRKY13 may be involved in the disease-resistance pathway mediated by JA and SA. In summary, the results of our study showed that PlWRKY13 expression was induced by stress and had a positive effect on the resistance of P. lactiflora to fungal infection.

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Breeding for Pepper yellow mosaic virus resistance and agronomic attributes in recombinant inbred lines of chili pepper (Capsicum baccatum L.) using mixed models

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 282 ◽

pp. 110025

Author(s):

Daniele Viana da Costa ◽

Claudia Lougon de Almeida Paiva ◽

Cíntia dos Santos Bento ◽

Cláudia Pombo Sudré ◽

Thâmara Figueiredo Menezes Cavalcanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Mixed Models ◽

Virus Resistance ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Capsicum Baccatum

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The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens)

Nusantara Bioscience ◽

10.13057/nusbiosci/n100408 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 246-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SOPIALENA SOPIALENA ◽

SURYA SILA ◽

ROSFIANSYAH ROSFIANSYAH ◽

JULI NURDIANA

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Block Design ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Root Extract ◽

Capsicum Frutescens ◽

Neem Leaves ◽

Chili Peppers ◽

Organic Pesticides

Sopialena, Sila S, Rosfiansyah, Nurdiana J. 2018. The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Nusantara Bioscience 10: 246-250. The agricultural crops and horticultural plants are always under constant assault caused by diseases, insect pests, viruses, and other pathogens which may substantially reduce yield. Chili Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a popular horticultural plant of the Solanaceae family in Indonesia. Some serious diseases widely found in chili peppers, are anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici), leaf spot (Cercospora capsici) and fruit rot (Phytophthora capsici). To manage the potential problems, this study is aimed to provide an explanatory knowledge of the use of plant-based pesticide to control the diseases in chili peppers. The information is meant to fill the knowledge gaps in the use of plant-based pesticide to control the chili diseases. The use of nonchemical pesticide benefits not only the environment but also as an organic strategy for disease management. This research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) categorized into four groups and six different treatments. The organic pesticides were prepared from the extract of neem leaves, soursop leaves, lemongrass extract, tuba root extract, and kenikir/Cosmos caudatus extract). The result indicates that neem leaves are the most effective organic pesticides to control the chili pepper disease in Indonesia.

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Antifungal activity of leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea against Colletotrichum acutatum the cause of anthracnose disease on chili pepper

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/347/1/012058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 347 ◽

pp. 012058

Author(s):

Sang Ketut Sudirga ◽

I Ketut Ginantra ◽

Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Anthracnose Disease

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Accumulation of Pathogenesis-Related Proteins in the Apoplast of a Susceptible Cultivar of Apple (Malus domestica cv. Elstar) after Infection by Venturia inaequalis and Constitutive Expression of PR Genes in the Resistant Cultivar Remo

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1023/b:ejpp.0000041552.98673.e3 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 110 (7) ◽

pp. 703-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Achim E. Gau ◽

Mostafa Koutb ◽

Markus Piotrowski ◽

Klaus Kloppstech

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Venturia Inaequalis ◽

Constitutive Expression ◽

Resistant Cultivar ◽

Susceptible Cultivar ◽

Pr Genes ◽

Pathogenesis Related Proteins ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

Related Proteins

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Production of chili pepper under organic fertilization and irrigation with treated wastewater

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n2p84-89 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 84-89

Author(s):

Viviane F. Silva ◽

Carlos V. C. Bezerra ◽

Elka C. S. Nascimento ◽

Tricia N. F. Ferreira ◽

Vera L. A. Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Reuse ◽

Organic Production ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Capsicum Frutescens ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Chili Peppers ◽

Semi Arid

ABSTRACT With the occurrence of prolonged droughts in the Brazilian semi-arid region, water scarcity directly influences agriculture in this region, so that water reuse and bovine manure application become a viable alternative for pepper production. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the sustainable production of chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens) under levels of irrigation with treated wastewater and doses of bovine manure. The following bovine manure doses were considered: D1 (0% manure and 100% soil), D2 (10% manure and 90% soil), D3 (20% manure and 80% soil), D4 (30% manure and 70% soil), D5 (40% manure and 60% soil) and D6 (50% manure and 50% soil), based on volume. Three levels of irrigation were applied, based on the water requirement of the crop (WR), namely: 100% WR (L1), 75% WR (L2) and 50% WR (L3). Production variables and physical characteristics of the produced peppers were evaluated. Pepper production (g plant-1) increased as 10% of bovine manure were added in substrate composition. Increasing concentration of bovine manure and using 50% WR provided favorable conditions for the organic production of chili pepper.

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Isolate specific responses of the non-host grass Brachypodium distachyon to the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici, compared to wheat.

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-02-20-0041-r ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ailsing Reilly ◽

Sujit Jung Karki ◽

Anthony Twamley ◽

Anna M.M Tiley ◽

Steven Kildea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Brachypodium Distachyon ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Pr Genes ◽

Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

Defence Gene Expression

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is an important foliar disease of wheat that is caused by the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. The grass Brachypodium distachyon has been used previously as a model system for cereal-pathogen interactions. In this study, we examined the non-host resistance (NHR) response of B. distachyon to two different Z. tritici isolates in comparison to wheat. These isolates vary in aggressiveness on wheat cv. Remus displaying significant differences in disease and pycnidia coverage. Using microscopy, we found that similar isolate specific responses were observed for H2O2 accumulation and cell death in both wheat and B. distachyon. Despite this, induction of isolate specific patterns of defence gene expression by Z. tritici did differ between B. distachyon and wheat. Our results suggest that phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) expression may be important for NHR in B. distachyon while pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and expression of genes regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be important to limit disease in wheat. Future studies of the B. distachyon-Z. tritici interaction may allow identification of conserved plant immunity targets which are responsible for the isolate specific responses observed in both plant species.

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