scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency and Gender Alter Vasoconstrictor and Vasodilator Reactivity in Rat Carotid Artery

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8029
Author(s):  
Miklós Sipos ◽  
Dóra Gerszi ◽  
Hicham Dalloul ◽  
Bálint Bányai ◽  
Réka Eszter Sziva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Nitrative Stress ◽  
And Gender

The vitamin-D-sensitivity of the cardiovascular system may show gender differences. The prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency (VDD) is high, and it alters cardiovascular function and increases the risk of stroke. Our aim was to investigate the vascular reactivity and histological changes of isolated carotid artery of female and male rats in response to different VD supplies. A total of 48 male and female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: female VD supplemented, female VDD, male VD supplemented, male VDD. The vascular function of isolated carotid artery segments was examined by wire myography. Both vitamin D deficiency and male gender resulted in increased phenylephrine-induced contraction. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation decreased in male rats independently from VD status. Inhibition of prostanoid signaling by indomethacin reduced contraction in females, but increased relaxation ability in male rats. Functional changes were accompanied by VDD and gender-specific histological alterations. Elastic fiber density was significantly decreased by VDD in female rats, but not in males. Smooth muscle actin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly lowered, but the thromboxane receptor was elevated in VDD males. Decreased nitrative stress was detected in both male groups independently from VD supply. The observed interactions between vitamin D deficiency and sex may play a role in the gender difference of cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Cause Gender Specific Alterations of Renal Arterial Function in a Rodent Model

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Miklós Sipos ◽  
Borbála Péterffy ◽  
Réka Eszter Sziva ◽  
Péter Magyar ◽  
Leila Hadjadj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Gender Specific

Vitamin D deficiency shows positive correlation to cardiovascular risk, which might be influenced by gender specific features. Our goal was to examine the effect of Vitamin D supplementation and Vitamin D deficiency in male and female rats on an important hypertension target organ, the renal artery. Female and male Wistar rats were fed with Vitamin D reduced chow for eight weeks to induce hypovitaminosis. Another group of animals received normal chow with further supplementation to reach optimal serum vitamin levels. Isolated renal arteries of Vitamin D deficient female rats showed increased phenylephrine-induced contraction. In all experimental groups, both indomethacin and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition (NS398) decreased the phenylephrine-induced contraction. Angiotensin II-induced contraction was pronounced in Vitamin D supplemented males. In both Vitamin D deficient groups, acetylcholine-induced relaxation was impaired. In the female Vitamin D supplemented group NS398, in males the indomethacin caused reduced acetylcholine-induced relaxation. Increased elastic fiber density was observed in Vitamin D deficient females. The intensity of eNOS immunostaining was decreased in Vitamin D deficient females. The density of AT1R staining was the highest in the male Vitamin D deficient group. Although Vitamin D deficiency induced renal vascular dysfunction in both sexes, female rats developed more extensive impairment that was accompanied by enzymatic and structural changes.

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin D Status on Vascular Function of the Aorta in a Rat Model of PCOS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
K. Lajtai ◽  
R. Tarszabó ◽  
B. Bányai ◽  
B. Péterffy ◽  
D. Gerszi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Nitrative Stress ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Early vascular dysfunction may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease in PCOS. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a common comorbidity of PCOS that contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease and its complications. Both PCOS and VDD are accompanied by increased oxidative stress that may be involved in the arising vascular dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D status on aortic function. PCOS was induced by an 8-week-long transdermal testosterone treatment of female rats, and low and adequate vitamin D status was achieved by dietary means. Contraction and relaxation abilities of isolated aortic segments were measured by myograph. Resorcin-fuchsin staining and immunohistochemical labeling of 3-nitrotyrosine were performed. No difference was shown in the norepinephrine-induced contraction of the aortas of different groups, whereas we detected reduced acetylcholine- and insulin-evoked relaxation in VDD groups. A lower level of resorcin-fuchsin staining and elevated 3-nitrotyrosine immunostaining was observed in VDD. In our study, we demonstrated early endothelial dysfunction in VDD PCOS rat model. Vitamin D supplementation could prevent vascular disturbances, while VDD itself damaged endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and induced nitrative stress.

A maternal defect is responsible for growth failure in vitamin D-deficient rat pups

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. E216-E220
Author(s):  
R. Brommage ◽  
H. F. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Undetectable Plasma ◽  
Pup Growth

Vitamin D deficiency was induced in lactating rats and their pups by placing female rats on a vitamin D-deficient diet immediately after mating. Evidence of vitamin D deficiency included undetectable plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the dams, maternal hypocalcemia, the lack of pup growth, and pup hypocalcemia following starvation. This method of producing vitamin D-deficient pups was then used to determine whether the failure of vitamin D-deficient pups to grow properly results from a maternal or neonatal defect. Vitamin D-deficient dams and pups were injected with either vitamin D3 or the ethanol vehicle, and pup growth was monitored over the subsequent 6 days. Providing vitamin D3 to the pups directly had no effect on their growth, but administering vitamin D3 to the dams resulted in a tripling of the pup growth rate. The failure of vitamin D3 to promote pup growth when given directly to the pups was not the result of their inability to metabolize the vitamin because these pups converted [3H]-vitamin D3 to 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 as determined by comigration with standards on both straight and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography systems. These results demonstrate that a maternal defect is responsible for the growth failure observed in vitamin D-deficient rat pups.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salam Vatandost ◽  
Marzieh Jahani ◽  
Ali Afshari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Amiri ◽  
Rashid Heidarimoghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
And Gender

Background: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Iranian community is very high. Women and older people are at the higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran by combining the results of various studies. Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Separate strategies were developed for search in national databases (Irandoc, Magiran, SID) and international databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) using the keywords of “vitamin D deficiency,” “Iran,” and “prevalence.” The titles and abstracts of the articles were screened and related full texts were appraised. Those articles that met inclusion criteria were selected for meta-analysis. The heterogeneity of the articles was assessed via the Chi-square test. They were combined using the random-effect approach. In addition, the groups were categorized and analyzed in terms of age and gender. Results: Of 639 articles, 30 articles with a sample size of 26,042 people were included for data analysis. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was reported as 0.56. Subgroup analysis showed that 0.64 of women and 0.44 of men were suffering from vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the age groups under 20, 20–50, and over 50 years was 0.56.4, 0.72.4, and 0.59.8, respectively. Conclusions: The Iranian Ministry of Health is expected to design strategies to improve the status of vitamin D at the national level.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance in an animal model of polycystic ovary disease is aggravated by vitamin D deficiency: Vascular consequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Hadjadj ◽  
Szabolcs Várbíró ◽  
Eszter Mária Horváth ◽  
Anna Monori-Kiss ◽  
Éva Pál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Coronary Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors

Hyperandrogenic state in females is accompanied with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and vascular pathologies. A total of 67%–85% of hyperandrogenic women suffer also from vitamin D deficiency. We aimed to check a potential interplay between hyperandrogenism and vitamin D deficiency in producing insulin resistance and effects on coronary resistance arteries. Adolescent female rats were divided into four groups, 11–12 animals in each. Transdermal testosterone-treated and vehicle-treated animals were kept either on vitamin D-deficient or on vitamin D-supplemented diet for 8 weeks. Plasma sexual steroid, insulin, leptin and vitamin D plasma levels were measured, and oral glucose tolerance test was performed. In coronary arterioles, insulin receptor and vitamin D receptor expressions were tested by immunohistochemistry, and insulin-induced relaxation was measured in vitro on isolated coronary resistance artery segments. Testosterone impaired glucose tolerance, and it diminished insulin relaxation but did not affect the expression of insulin and vitamin D receptors in vascular tissue. Vitamin D deficiency elevated postprandial insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance. It also diminished insulin-induced coronary arteriole relaxation, while it raised the expression of vitamin D and insulin receptors in the endothelial and medial layers. Our conclusion is that both hyperandrogenism and vitamin D deficiency reduce sensitivity of coronary vascular tissue to insulin, but they do it with different mechanisms.

Effect of age and gender on thermoregulation

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. R700-R704 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McDonald ◽  
C. Day ◽  
K. Carlson ◽  
J. S. Stern ◽  
B. A. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Differential Heat ◽  
Independent Basis ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Colonic Temperature

Previous investigations have shown that during cold exposure 24-mo-old male Fischer 344 (F344) rats do not thermoregulate as well as do 12-mo-old animals. To determine if this deficiency also occurs in female rats, we measured oxygen consumption (thermogenesis) and colonic temperature of male and female rats 5, 23, and 27 mo of age at rest and during 6 h of exposure to 6 degrees C. In addition, nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) was evaluated from the capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria isolated from cold-exposed rats to bind guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP). Neither age nor gender had a significant effect on resting or cold-exposed oxygen consumption expressed on a mass-independent basis (l/kg body mass0.67) or on a lean body mass independent basis (l/kg lean body mass0.67). The drop in colonic temperature in response to cold was greater in the male rats. However, females exhibited increased BAT mass and relatively constant GDP binding with advancing age, whereas males showed decreased mass and GDP binding. Although the data suggest greater NST capacity in the female rats, rates of cold-induced oxygen consumption were similar in older female vs. male rats. Taken together, our data indicate that gender has a significant impact on thermoregulation and that, under the cold exposure conditions of the study, this effect involves differential heat conservation rather than heat production.

scholarly journals Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Dietary Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Cognition and the Gut Microbiome in Aging Rats (P14-006-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Porter ◽  
Lawrence Brewer ◽  
Katie Anderson ◽  
Jessie Hoffman ◽  
Julien Thibault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Reversal Training ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Aging Male ◽  
Digital Platform

Abstract Objectives Increasing evidence suggests that vitamin D plays a role in maintaining cognitive function and that vitamin D deficiency may accelerate age-related cognitive decline. Here, we determined if a long-term enhanced vitamin D (VitD3, cholecalciferol) diet, higher than the standard dietary level, maintains or improves cognitive function in aging male and female rats. We also examined if the high VitD3 diet affected the gut microbiome. Methods Beginning at 12 months of age 20 male and 20 female F344 rats were fed an AIN-93 diet containing either standard (1000 IU/kg diet) or higher (10,000 IU/kg) VitD3 for 6 months. The Morris water maze (MWM) was then used to assess learning and memory. Following the MWM, the gut microbiome from undigested chyme collected from the intestinal cecum was identified and taxonomically classified by Argonne National Laboratory using 16S rRNA sequences. ZRT Laboratory determined 25-(OH)VitD3 levels from cardiac blood. A two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc was used to test for statistical significance. Results After 3 days of training the probe test on day 4 indicated that the higher VitD3 diet significantly reduced path length and latency (P = 0.01) to the digital platform in females but not males. On day 5 platform location was changed and animals received one day of reversal training. On day 8, three days after reversal training, the reversal probe indicated that higher dietary VitD3 improved performance in males but not females by significantly reducing path length and latency to the digital platform (P < 0.05). Analyses of the cecal microbiome content indicated that for numerous bacteria sex specific differences were present. Further, the Shannon Diversity Index of the gut microbiome indicated a significant treatment effect of higher dietary VitD3 in females (P = 0.01). The higher VitD3 diet significantly elevated 25-(OH)VitD3 blood levels. Conclusions These results indicate that a high VitD3 diet may preserve cognitive acuity during aging. Further, VitD3 may have sexually dimorphic effects on memory formation. The present results replicate our previous study that a high VitD3 diet preserves cognition in aging male rats (Latimer et al. 2014). The microbiome showed sexually dimorphic differences and the high VitD3 diet appeared to affect the microbiome in females more than males. The significance of this is not clear. Funding Sources NIA, NIDDK.

Acute exercise and gender alter cardiac autonomic tonus differently in hypertensive and normotensive rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. R510-R516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret P. Chandler ◽  
Stephen E. Dicarlo
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
And Gender

Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), cardiac sympathetic tonus (ST), and parasympathetic tonus (PT) were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, 8 male and 8 female) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY, 8 male and 12 female) before and after acute exercise. Before exercise, hypertensive rats (regardless of gender) had an increased ST (+15 beats/min), increased resting HR (+12 beats/min), and decreased PT (−11 beats/min). Similarly, female rats (regardless of strain) also had an increased ST (+15 beats/min), increased resting HR (+39 beats/min), and decreased PT (−14 beats/min). Hypertensive rats had a significant reduction in AP (−17 ± 3 mmHg), ST (−26 beats/min), PT (−7 beats/min), and HR (−14 beats/min) after exercise. In contrast, AP was not reduced in normotensive rats and ST (+18 beats/min) and HR (+42 beats/min) were increased in female normotensive rats after exercise. However, male normotensive rats had a postexercise reduction in ST (−14 beats/min) and HR (−19 beats/min). In summary, AP, ST, and resting HR were higher whereas PT was lower in hypertensive vs. normotensive rats. Furthermore, females had a higher resting HR, intrinsic HR, and ST and lower PT than male rats. These data demonstrate that gender and the resting level of AP influence cardiac autonomic regulation.

Sex differences in rat renal arterial responses following exercise training

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marton Vezer ◽  
Ágota Demeter ◽  
Maria Szekeres ◽  
Attila Jósvai ◽  
Bálint Bányai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Arterial Responses

During aerobic exercise, hemodynamic alterations occure; while blood flow in skeletal muscle arteries increases, it decreases in visceral vessels due to mesenterial vasoconstriction. However, maintaining renal blood flow during intensive sport is also a priority. Our aim was to investigate the changes of vascular reactivity and histology of isolated renal artery of male and female rats in response to swim-training. Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: male sedentary (MSed), male trained (MTr), female sedentary (FSed), and female trained (FTr). Trained animals underwent a 12-week-long intensive swimming program. Vascular function of isolated renal artery segments was examined by wire myography. Phenylephrine-induced contraction was lower in FSed compared to MSed animals, and it was decreased by training in male but not in female animals. Inhibition of cyclooxygenases by indomethacin reduced contraction in both sedentary groups, and in MTr but not in FTr animals. Inhibition of nitric oxide production increased contraction in both trained groups. Acetylcholine induced relaxation was similar in all experimental groups showing predominant NO-dependency. Elastin and smooth muscle cell actin density was reduced in female rats after aerobic training. This study shows that, as a result of 12-weeks-long training, there are sex differences in renal arterial responses following exercise training. Swimming moderates renal artery vasoconstriction in male animals, while it depresses elastic fiber and smooth muscle actin density in females.

Abstract 20: Vitamin D Deficiency Exacerbates Ischemic Cell Loss and Sensory Motor Dysfunction in an Experimental Stroke Model.

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn L Balden ◽  
Farida Sohrabji
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Experimental Stroke ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin D deficiency is widespread and considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and events such as stroke, and low Vitamin D (VD) levels are predictive for stroke and more fatal strokes in humans. VD’s ability to act as a selective endocrine and immunomodulator suggests a role for this hormone in reducing stroke-induced inflammation in the brain. However, the specific contribution of Vitamin D deficiency to stroke is not clear since it occurs with other co-morbid conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity, which are also risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. To directly assess the impact of VD deficiency on stroke severity, adult female rats were fed control or VD deficient (VDD) diet for 6 weeks. The VDD diet reduced circulating VD levels to 25% of controls (p<0.05). Control and VDD groups were then subject to ischemic stroke by vasoconstriction of the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) by endothelin-1. Both groups displayed cortical and striatal infarction, however, infarct volumes were significantly larger in the VDD group in both the cortex (20%) and striatum (50%), when measured 5d post stroke. Furthermore, sensory motor function was more severely impaired in the VDD group, as measured by the tape test and the vibrissae evoked forelimb placement task (p<0.05). In the ischemic brain, IGF-1, which is a neuroprotective peptide hormone, is routinely elevated and the elevation was attenuated in the VDD groups (p<0.05). Additionally, VDD significantly reduced IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-10 expression in ischemic brain tissue, but elevated ischemia-induced IL-6. IL-6 was positively correlated with infarct volume (r2=.83 cortex, r2=.90 striatum) (p<.05). IL-6 promotes development and expansion of the Th17 cohort, whose cytokines secretions are a key factor in blood brain barrier disruption after stroke. These data support the hypothesis that VD deficiency independently modulates stroke severity by disrupting the expression of normally neuroprotective compounds (IGF-1) and elevating cytotoxic proteins (IL-6) in the ischemic brain. Supported by NIH AG027684 and AG028303 to FS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document