scholarly journals The Impact of Probiotics on Intestinal Mucositis during Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer. A Comprehensive Review of Animal Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9347
Author(s):  
Povilas Miknevicius ◽  
Ruta Zulpaite ◽  
Bettina Leber ◽  
Kestutis Strupas ◽  
Philipp Stiegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Intestinal Mucositis ◽  
The Impact

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in females (incidence 16.4/10000) and the third in males (incidence 23.4/10000) worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy (CTx), radiation therapy (RTx), or a combined treatment of those are the current treatment modalities for primary CRC. Chemotherapeutic drug-induced gastrointestinal (GIT) toxicity mainly presents as mucositis and diarrhea. Preclinical studies revealed that probiotic supplementation helps prevent CTx-induced side effects by reducing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine production and promoting crypt cell proliferation. Moreover, probiotics showed significant results in preventing the loss of body weight (BW) and reducing diarrhea. However, further clinical studies are needed to elucidate the exact doses and most promising combination of strains to reduce or prevent chemotherapy-induced side effects. The aim of this review is to overview currently available literature on the impact of probiotics on CTx-induced side effects in animal studies concerning CRC treatment and discuss the potential mechanisms based on experimental studies’ outcomes.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Curcumin in Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Isnida Ismail ◽  
Iekhsan Othman ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Nordin H. Lajis ◽  
Rakesh Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Ancient Medicine ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Progression ◽  
Apoptosis Regulation

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top three cancer with higher incident and mortality rate worldwide. It is estimated that about over than 1.1 million of death and 2.2 million new cases by the year 2030. The current treatment modalities with the usage of chemo drugs such as FOLFOX and FOLFIRI, surgery and radiotherapy, which are usually accompanied with major side effects, are rarely cured along with poor survival rate and at higher recurrence outcome. This trigger the needs of exploring new natural compounds with anti-cancer properties which possess fewer side effects. Curcumin, a common spice used in ancient medicine was found to induce apoptosis by targeting various molecules and signaling pathways involved in CRC. Disruption of the homeostatic balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis could be one of the promoting factors in colorectal cancer progression. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of apoptosis regulation by curcumin in CRC with regard to molecular targets and associated signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Polypharmacy and Malnutrition Management of Elderly Perioperative Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1961
Author(s):  
Eiji Kose ◽  
Hidetaka Wakabayashi ◽  
Nobuhiro Yasuno
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Anabolic Resistance ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Malnutrition, which commonly occurs in perioperative patients with cancer, leads to decreased muscle mass, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, thereby increasing the patient’s risk of various complications. Thus, the nutritional management of perioperative patients with cancer should be focused on to ensure that surgical treatment is safe and effective, postoperative complications are prevented, and mortality is reduced. Pathophysiological and drug-induced factors in elderly patients with cancer are associated with the risk of developing malnutrition. Pathophysiological factors include the effects of tumors, cachexia, and anorexia of aging. Metabolic changes, such as inflammation, excess catabolism, and anabolic resistance in patients with tumor-induced cancer alter the body’s ability to use essential nutrients. Drug-induced factors include the side effects of anticancer drugs and polypharmacy. Drug–drug, drug–disease, drug–nutrient, and drug–food interactions can significantly affect the patient’s nutritional status. Furthermore, malnutrition may affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, potentiate drug effects, and cause side effects. This review outlines polypharmacy and malnutrition, the impact of malnutrition on drug efficacy, drug–nutrient and drug–food interactions, and intervention effects on polypharmacy or cancer cachexia in elderly perioperative patients with cancer.

A Preliminary Report on the Use of Clomipramine in General Practice

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Wootton ◽  
R. I. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Practice Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continue Therapy

The use of clomipramine in a large suburban general practice is reviewed. Three hundred and fifty patients have been treated to date out of a total practice population of twenty-one thousand. It is argued that phobic anxiety states are much commoner than is normally supposed and that they are usually associated with a history of separation or rejection in childhood. A combined treatment regime is employed for one month thereafter clomipramine alone is used. Side-effects may initially present a problem although they may not all be truly drug induced. Some patients use side-effects to manipulate the clinical situation. However proper interpretative management of side effects can assist the clinicians in persuading patients to continue therapy. Some impressive results have been obtained with clomipramine therapy. Illustrative case histories are provided.

How well do we communicate with patients concerning adjuvant systemic therapy? A survey of 150 colorectal cancer survivors

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4020-4020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Love ◽  
C. Bylund ◽  
N. J. Meropol ◽  
J. L. Marshall ◽  
S. A. Curley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Cold Intolerance ◽  
Treatment Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Benefits ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Medical Oncologists ◽  
Gi Toxicity ◽  
The Impact

4020 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) presents a substantial patient education challenge to medical oncologists (MOs). Findings from our 2005 pilot survey suggest that a significant fraction of colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors are willing to undergo AC for modest treatment benefits, but their understanding of risks and benefits may be suboptimal. This project attempted to validate these findings by surveying patients with CRC (Pts) who previously received AC. Methods: 150 Pts who received AC for CRC in the last 5 years were recruited to listen to an audio program on AC featuring interviews with clinical investigators (CIs) and Pts who received AC. Based on this input, Pts were asked whether they would undergo the same AC again for varying absolute treatment benefits. A corresponding survey asked 24 CRC CIs and 150 MOs to predict how patients would respond. The survey also queried Pts about their expectations of and experiences with AC side effects. Results: About 1/3 of Pts would be treated again with AC for a 1% absolute reduction in recurrence risk (ARRR), and about 2/3 believed a 5% ARRR would justify treatment. There were no statistically significant differences between responses of males and females or between Pts receiving oxaliplatin (OX) and those receiving other regimens. ( Table 1 ) The corresponding estimates of CIs and MOs were lower. Additionally, AC side effects were different than expected: 57% and 66% of Pts experienced less GI toxicity and alopecia, respectively, while 38% and 46% of Pts receiving OX experienced greater cold intolerance and numbness. Conclusions: Many potential obstacles exist in communicating with Pts about AC including heterogeneity in Pts’ attitudes towards risk/benefit trade-offs and preconceptions about treatment side effects. The next step in this initiative will be to examine these issues prospectively by evaluating the impact of an audio/web education supplement on the decision-making process. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals An Old Drug for a New Application: Potential Benefits of Sildenafil in Wound Healing

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Farsaie ◽  
Hossein Khalili ◽  
Iman Karimzadeh ◽  
Simin Dashti-Khavidaki
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Several studies have evaluated the effects of sildenafil on the tissue repair and wound healing. In the present review, the impact of sildenafil on the wound healing in all available clinical and non-clinical (experimental) studies has been discussed. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, Cochrane central register of controlled trials and Cochrane database systematic reviews. Related articles indexed in Google Scholar were also included. Key words used as search terms were ‘phosphodiesterase inhibitor’, ‘sildenafil’, ‘skin’, ‘cutaneous’, ‘skin lesion’, ‘skin damage’, ‘wound’, and ‘wound healing’. No time limitation was considered in this review. Results: A total of 15 animal studies, 7 case reports, and 2 small clinical studies have reported the effects of sildenafil on the wound healing. The effects included skin flaps and grafts, anastomosis, systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's disease. Conclusions: The available data support the beneficial effects of sildenafil in improvement of tissue healing in various conditions. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

Combining Chemotherapy with Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Thomas Palathingal ◽  
Basil Sunny ◽  
Vismaya Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge

Abstract:: American Cancer Society estimates that about 1 in 21 men and 1 in 23 women in US will develop colorectal cancer during their lifetime. Due to the advances in screening and treatment modalities, the mortality rate has reduced. Rising resistance to treatment have directed the focus towards different approaches as combination therapies involving different treatment techniques available. One such approach is chemo-immunotherapy that targets to modulate TIME and improve the response to immunotherapy. The chemo-immunotherapy has shown a positive impact in improving the outcome of CRC treatment. The ensemble of results discussed herein supports the role of biomarkers in determining the most effective treatment algorithm. A comprehensive knowledge about the off-target effects of the cytotoxic drugs helps in designing more efficacious combined treatment. The time-window for optimal combination must also be considered carefully.

Neurobiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Holfinger ◽  
M. Melanie Lyons ◽  
Nitin Bhatt ◽  
Ulysses Magalang
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Underlying Risk ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Obstructive sleep apnea is recognized as a heterogeneous disease presenting with varying underlying risk factors, phenotypes, and responses to therapy. This clinical variance is in part due to the complex pathophysiology of sleep apnea. While multiple anatomical issues can predispose to the development of sleep apnea, factors that control the airway musculature also contribute via different pathophysiologic mechanisms. As sleep apnea does not occur during wakefulness, the impact of sleep stages on respiration is of critical importance. Altogether, understanding sleep apnea pathophysiology helps to guide current treatment modalities and helps identify potential targets for future therapies.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid Effects on Experimental Colorectal Cancer Models Reduce Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) and Tumor Volume: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Eduardo Orrego-González ◽  
Luisa Londoño-Tobón ◽  
José Ardila-González ◽  
Diego Polania-Tovar ◽  
Ana Valencia-Cárdenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Colonic Neoplasms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Cancer Models

Objective. Colorectal cancer represents a heavy burden for health systems worldwide, being the third most common cancer worldwide. Despite the breakthroughs in medicine, current chemotherapeutic options continue to have important side effects and may not be effective in preventing disease progression. Cannabinoids might be substances with possible therapeutic potential for cancer because they can attenuate the side effects of chemotherapy and have antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects. We aim to determine, through a systematic review of experimental studies performed on animal CRC models, if cannabinoids can reduce the formation of preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci), number, and volume of neoplastic lesions. Materials and Methods. A systematic, qualitative review of the literature was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. We use the following Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms in PubMed: “colorectal neoplasms,” “colonic neoplasms,” “colorectal cancer,” “polyps,” “rimonabant,” “cannabidiol,” “cannabinoids,” “azoxymethane,” “xenograft,” and “mice.” Only studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. Results. Eight in vivo experimental studies were included in the analysis after the full-text evaluation. Seven studies were azoxymethane (AOM) colorectal cancer models, and four studies were xenograft models. Cannabidiol botanical substance (CBD BS) and rimonabant achieved high aberrant crypt foci (ACF) reduction (86% and 75.4%, respectively). Cannabigerol, O-1602, and URB-602 demonstrated a high capacity for tumor volume reduction. Induction of apoptosis, interaction with cell survival, growth pathways, and angiogenesis inhibition were the mechanisms extracted from the studies that explain cannabinoids’ actions on CRC. Conclusions. Cannabinoids have incredible potential as antineoplastic agents as experimental models demonstrate that they can reduce tumor volume and ACF formation. It is crucial to conduct more experimental studies to understand the pharmacology of cannabinoids in CRC better.

scholarly journals Ifosfamide toxicity to the retina and the possible roles of lecithin and quercetin in albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Rehab Ahmed ◽  
Eman Aly ◽  
Sherif Mahmoud ◽  
Sahar Awad ◽  
Gehan Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Protein Secondary Structure ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Α Helix ◽  
Β Sheet

Background: During cancer chemotherapy, drug-induced oxidative stress can limit therapeutic efficiency and cause a number of side effects. Objectives: Our study aimed to characterize the side effects of an alkylating agent chemotherapy ifosfamide to the retina and if the supplementation of lecithin and or quercetin can diminish its oxidative stress by means of comet assay and FTIR.Methods: Seventy female albino rats divided as control, rats given orally quercetin or lecithin, rats injected with ifosfamide, rats given quercetin or lecithin and in combination of them with ifosfamide injection.Results: Lecithin and quercetin groups indicate a normal comet parameters and distribution of protein secondary structure components content of β-turn, α-helix and β-sheet. After Ifosfamide injection, all comet parameters and β-Turns content were significant increase (p˂0.05) with the same context significant decrease (p˂0.05) of α-helix was observed. Lecithin or quercetin reduces the effect of ifosfamide injection in tail length and percentage tailed DNA. Combined treatment gives more protection against DNA damage. Lecithin role is cleared in returning the normal distribution of β-turn, α-helix, β-sheet and lack of protective effect of quercetin regarding the protein secondary structure of retina was observed.Conclusion: We suggest using lecithin and quercetin in combined treatment to reduce the oxidative stress due to ifosfamide.

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF UVEITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN ADULTS: A CONCISE OVERVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Laura Muntean ◽  
◽  
Simona Rednic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Ocular Inflammation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Concise Overview ◽  
The Impact

Uveitis represents a heterogenous group of inflammatory ocular diseases which may cause vision loss. Association of uveitis with arthritis may occur in many systemic autoimmune diseases, including spondyloarthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Behҫet’s disease and sarcoidosis. Recent advances in the field of autoimmune diseases have provided new insights and developments of diverse therapies for noninfectious uveitis. However, the optimal treatment strategy for patients with uveitis remains to be defined. Topical and/or systemic corticosteroids are the first-line therapy of autoimmune uveitis, but relapses are frequent after treatment cessation. Chronic use of corticosteroids is associated with significant systemic and ocular side effects. Many patients require treatment with conventional immunomodulatory drugs and/or biological agents in order to maintain long-term remission for both ocular inflammation and systemic disease. Treatment of uveitis should be individualized based on several factors, including the location of ocular inflammation, the inflammation severity, the impact on visual function and quality of life, the type of systemic autoimmune disease, and comorbidities. This paper provides a concise overview of the current treatment modalities and strategies available for adult patients with uveitis associated with systemic autoimmune diseases.

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