scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 against Anthracnose Disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and Growth Promotion of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10438
Author(s):  
Vantha Choub ◽  
Henry B. Ajuna ◽  
Sang-Jae Won ◽  
Jae-Hyun Moon ◽  
Su-In Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
And Control

Walnut anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a deleterious disease that severely affects the production of walnut (Juglans regia L.). The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal and growth promotion activities of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 as an alternative to chemical use in walnut production. The crude enzyme from B. velezensis CE 100 exhibited chitinase, protease, and β-l,3-glucanase activity and degraded the cell wall of C. gloeosporioides, causing the inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth by 99.3% and 33.6% at 100 µL/mL, respectively. The field application of B. velezensis CE 100 culture broth resulted in a 1.3-fold and 6.9-fold decrease in anthracnose disease severity compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively. Moreover, B. velezensis CE 100 produced indole-3-acetic acid (up to 1.4 µg/mL) and exhibited the potential for ammonium production and phosphate solubilization to enhance the availability of essential nutrients. Thus, field inoculation of B. velezensis CE 100 improved walnut root development, increased nutrient uptake, enhanced chlorophyll content, and consequently improved total biomass by 1.5-fold and 2.0-fold compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively. These results demonstrate that B. velezensis CE 100 is an effective biocontrol agent against anthracnose disease and a potential plant growth-promoting bacteria in walnut tree production.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Leaf Blight Disease Caused by Pestalotiopsis maculans and Growth Promotion of Quercus acutissima Carruth Container Seedlings Using Bacillus velezensis CE 100

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11296
Author(s):  
Sang-Jae Won ◽  
Jae-Hyun Moon ◽  
Henry B. Ajuna ◽  
Su-In Choi ◽  
Chaw Ei Htwe Maung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Quercus Acutissima ◽  
Container Seedlings ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
And Control

Leaf blight disease caused by Pestalotiopsismaculans lead to deleterious losses in the quality of forest container seedlings. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria provides a promising strategy to simultaneously control diseases and enhance forest seedling production. This study investigated the biocontrol of leaf blight disease and growth promotion potential of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 in Quercus acutissima Carruth seedlings. B. velezensis CE 100 produced cell wall degrading enzymes, such as chitinase, β-l,3-glucanase, and protease, which caused cell wall lysis and hyphae deformation of P. maculans, leading to mycelial growth inhibition by 54.94%. Inoculation of B. velezensis CE 100 suppressed P. maculans infection and increased seedling survival rate by 1.6-fold and 1.3-fold compared to chemical fertilizer and control, respectively. In addition, B. velezensis CE 100 produced indole-3-acetic acid, which improved root development and nutrient uptake compared to chemical fertilizer and control. Especially, inoculation with B. velezensis CE 100 increased the total nitrogen content of Q. acutissima seedlings, improved the chlorophyll index in the leaves, and increased seedling biomass by 1.3-fold and 2.2-fold compared to chemical fertilizer and control, respectively. Thus, B. velezensis CE 100 could be applied in the eco-friendly production of high-quality forest seedlings.

scholarly journals Bacterial inoculation: A tool for red clover growth promotion in polluted soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Vera Karlicic ◽  
Danka Radic ◽  
Jelena Jovicic-Petrovic ◽  
Vera Raicevic
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
In Vivo Test

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seeds were inoculated with several plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and sown in the substrate contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organometallic derivatives of tin (OT). The aim was to determine if selected PGPB strains can promote the growth of red clover in the substrate contaminated with several organic pollutants. The influence of bacteria on red clover growth (height, root length and biomass) was monitored during the three-month experimental period. The most significant improvements of seedling height were noted in the treatment with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D5 ARV and Pseudomonas putida P1 ARV. Root growth was positively affected by Serratia liquefaciens Z-I ARV. The same isolates significantly affected biomass production. Those isolates caused total biomass increases of 70%, 48% and 33% compared to control. Bacterial strains used in this study were already confirmed as PGPB by biochemical testing, as well as by an in vivo test of mixed inoculums on several woody plants grown in the coal-mine overburden site. This work is the first-time record on their individual effects on one plant species. Obtained results confirmed that inoculation with several PGPB strains can enhance red clover growth in polluted soil.

Reducing metabolic rate by immunoneutralisation of catecholamines

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gazzola ◽  
R. A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Immunological Approach ◽  
Brahman Steers ◽  
And Control

A conjugate of noradrenaline and ovalbumin was used to produce anti-noradrenaline antibodies in goats and Brahman steers. Three weeks after the primary immunisation, anti-noradrenaline binding was detected in the sera of 2 of 5 immunised steers but none was detected in any steers 6 weeks after immunisation. Three weeks after immunisation, immunised steers, including the ones with no detectable anti-noradrenaline antibodies, had a larger change (P < 0.02) in fasting metabolic rate from pretreatment values (–14.5 W) than did paired controls (+3.3 W). After 6 weeks, the changes in fasting metabolic rate for the treated and control groups were –17.8 Wand –36.6 W (P < 0.08), respectively. Anti-noradrenaline polyclonal antibodies purified from goat serum had an approximate dissociation constant for binding to noradrenaline of 4 µM and a specific binding capacity of 178 nM in the immunoglobulin solution prepared, equivalent to about 30 mg/L of anti-catecholamine antibodies in the original goat serum. When 1 mL of this immunoglobulin solution was injected into rats, their metabolic rate was lowered by >10% relative to rats treated with control immunoglobulin solution (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the lowering of metabolic rate by an immunological approach which targets control points in the sympathetic nervous system is feasible and could offer an immunologically based method of growth promotion for beef cattle.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

The Prospects and Risks Connected with Increasing the Level of Self-Organisation in Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Svetlana Alexandrovna Kosareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Study Guide ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
And Control

The paper describes the method for increasing the level of self-organisation in students which has been developed by the author. It also contains the method testing results and presents the prospects and risks teachers could face while applying the method in a higher education institution. The purpose of this study is to find out the prospects and risks of applying the method for increasing the level of self-organisation in students and to determine the ways of reducing the risks. Methodology. The author points out the learning approaches which were the basis of developing the method and describes diagnostic methods for determining students’ self-organisation levels. The work focused on increasing each student’s initial level consists of a theoretical and a practical part and includes project activities on creating a study guide. The results of the study. The method developed proved to be effective. It was established by diagnosing the final level of self-organisation in students in the experimental and control groups. The paper considers the advantages of the method among which there is universal character, flexibility, improvements to teacher’s and students’ professional competence, etc. At the same time it is necessary to be aware of the risks due to the increased amount of teacher’s work and the fact that students’ work within the project tends to be monotonous. In conclusion, the prospects of the method for increasing the level of self-organisation in students are related to its advantages and the final results of the work. The risks of its use can be reduced with the help of the measures proposed in the paper.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Written Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

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