scholarly journals Yield-Related QTL Clusters and the Potential Candidate Genes in Two Wheat DH Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11934
Author(s):  
Jingjuan Zhang ◽  
Maoyun She ◽  
Rongchang Yang ◽  
Yanjie Jiang ◽  
Yebo Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Positive Correlations

In the present study, four large-scale field trials using two doubled haploid wheat populations were conducted in different environments for two years. Grain protein content (GPC) and 21 other yield-related traits were investigated. A total of 227 QTL were mapped on 18 chromosomes, which formed 35 QTL clusters. The potential candidate genes underlying the QTL clusters were suggested. Furthermore, adding to the significant correlations between yield and its related traits, correlation variations were clearly shown within the QTL clusters. The QTL clusters with consistently positive correlations were suggested to be directly utilized in wheat breeding, including 1B.2, 2A.2, 2B (4.9–16.5 Mb), 2B.3, 3B (68.9–214.5 Mb), 4A.2, 4B.2, 4D, 5A.1, 5A.2, 5B.1, and 5D. The QTL clusters with negative alignments between traits may also have potential value for yield or GPC improvement in specific environments, including 1A.1, 2B.1, 1B.3, 5A.3, 5B.2 (612.1–613.6 Mb), 7A.1, 7A.2, 7B.1, and 7B.2. One GPC QTL (5B.2: 671.3–672.9 Mb) contributed by cultivar Spitfire was positively associated with nitrogen use efficiency or grain protein yield and is highly recommended for breeding use. Another GPC QTL without negatively pleiotropic effects on 2A (50.0–56.3 Mb), 2D, 4D, and 6B is suggested for quality wheat breeding.

Effects of irrigation regimes on powdery scab disease and yield of potatoes

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Taylor ◽  
SP Flett ◽  
RFde Boer ◽  
D Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Powdery Scab ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Tuber Set ◽  
Large Scale Field

The period of susceptibility of potato tubers to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) was studied by inoculating potato plants with spores, or by watering plants in infested soil, at different stages of plant development in greenhouse conditions. Maximum susceptibility began about 1 week before the stage when 50% of stolons had swollen to at least 5-mm diameter (tuber set), and ended 3-4 weeks later. With holding irrigation water during this period reduced the severity of powdery scab by 65-75% in field experiments in 1981-82 and 1982-83, but had no apparent effect on disease severity in 3 out of 6 large-scale field trials during 1984-85.

scholarly journals Wheat Grain Protein Content under Mediterranean Conditions Measured with Chlorophyll Meter

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Marta Aranguren ◽  
Ander Castellón ◽  
Ana Aizpurua
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Different Sources

Adequate N fertilisation is crucial to increase the grain protein content (GPC) values in wheat. The recommended level of GPC needed to achieve high-quality bread-making flour should be higher than 12.5%. However, it is difficult to ensure the GPC values that the crop will achieve because N in grain is derived from two different sources: N remobilized into the grain from N accumulated in the pre-anthesis period, and N absorbed from the soil in the post-anthesis period. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the effect of the application of N on the rate of stem elongation (GS30) when farmyard manures are applied as initial fertilisers on GPC and on the chlorophyll meter (CM) values at mid-anthesis (GS65), (ii) establish a relationship between the CM values at GS65 and GPC, and (iii) determine a minimum CM value at GS65 to obtain GPC values above 12.5%. Three field trials were performed in three consecutive growing seasons, and different N fertilisation doses were applied. Readings using the CM Yara N-TesterTM were taken at GS65. The type of initial fertiliser did not affect the GPC and CM values. Generally, the greater the N application at GS30 is, the higher the GPC and CM values are. CM values can help to estimate GPC values only when yields are below 8000 kg ha−1. Additionally, CM values at GS65 should be higher than 700 to achieve high-quality bread-making flour (12.5%) at such yield levels. These results will allow farmers and cooperatives to make better decisions regarding late-nitrogen fertilisation and wheat sales.

Large-Scale Field Trials on Dense Vapour Dispersion

1985 ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McQuaid ◽  
B. Roebuck ◽  
D. G. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

scholarly journals Off-Site Lime Stabilisation as an Option to Treat Pit Latrine Faecal Sludge for Emergency and Existing On-Site Sanitation Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Greya ◽  
Bernard Thole ◽  
Catherine Anderson ◽  
Flavius Kamwani ◽  
Jan Spit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Off-site lime stabilisation for treating faecal sludge was assessed by undertaking small-scale (35 L) and large-scale (600 L) field trials in Blantyre, Malawi. Hydrated lime was dosed to maintain pH 10, pH 10.5, pH 11, pH 11.5, and pH 12 depending on the buffer capacity of the faecal sludge in the four replica small-scale field trials. Significant reduction of E. coli to below the detection limit of 104 CFU/100 mL within 1 hour of treatment was reported for pH > 11. Based on the small-scale findings, large-scale field trials were conducted and greater than 3 log removal of E. coli was observed under pH 12 conditions. Therefore, based on the study, off-site lime stabilisation by dosing lime in the range of 10–35% w/w (dry solid basis), depending on the buffer capacity and solids content of the sludge to maintain pH > 11, can be used to sanitise faecal sludge during emergencies, as well as for existing on-site sanitation systems.

Pattern recognition of cardoon oil from different large-scale field trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Ferreira-Dias ◽  
Jorge Gominho ◽  
Isabel Baptista ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

scholarly journals Enhanced Agronomic Efficiency Using a New Controlled-Released, Polymeric-Coated Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gil-Ortiz ◽  
Miguel Ángel Naranjo ◽  
Antonio Ruiz-Navarro ◽  
Sergio Atares ◽  
Carlos García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Use Efficiency

Fertilizer-use efficiency is one of the most critical concerns in rice cultivation to reduce N losses, increase yields, and improve crop management. The effects of a new polymeric-coated controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) were compared to those of other slow-release and traditional fertilizers in a microscale experiment, which was carried out in cuvettes under partly controlled ambient conditions, and a large-scale field experiment. To evaluate the fertilizer’s efficiency, nitrogen and water-use efficiency were calculated using the measurement of different photosynthetic and crop yield parameters. Improved responses regarding some of the analyzed physiological and growth parameters were observed for those plants fertilized with the new CRF. In the microscale experiment, significantly increased yields (ca. 35%) were produced in the plants treated with CRF as compared to traditional fertilizer. These results were in accordance with ca. 24% significant increased levels of N in leaves of CRF-treated plants, besides increased P, Fe, Mn, and cytokinin contents. At the field scale, similar yields were obtained with the slow-release or traditional fertilizers and CRF at a 20% reduced N dose. The new controlled-release fertilizer is a urea-based fertilizer coated with lignosulfonates, which is cheaply produced from the waste of pulp and wood industries, containing humic acids as biostimulants. In conclusion, CRF is recommended to facilitate rice crop management and to reduce contamination, as it can be formulated with lower N doses and because it is ecological manufacturing.

The influence of nutritional level in early pregnancy of the ewe

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Coop ◽  
V. R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Sound Policy ◽  
Time Restriction

SummaryA series of three large-scale field trials, involving 3500 ewes over a 3-year-period, was conducted to study the effect of restricted nutrition of breeding ewes in early pregnancy. Control or non-restricted ewes were fed at approximately maintenance level and restricted ewes at approximately half-maintenance. The majority of ewes fell into two categories—those 2–3 weeks pregnant at the time restriction was commenced and those 5–7 weeks pregnant. Restriction was applied for from 5 to 8 weeks, live-weight differences of approximately 10 1b were achieved.Differences in performance in individual trials were invariably very small, and nonsignificant. The main effect of restricted nutrition over all trials was to decrease twinning by 0·5% and decrease the number of barren ewes by 0·8%. These differences are considered to be negligible. Only one statistically significant effect was observed within one of the trials—this was a depression in twinning in ewes 18–24 days pregnant at the time of applying the treatment, but this effect could not be confirmed in the other two trials. However, the fleece grown was affected by treatment—the fleece weight being depressed by approximately ½ lb, and grade reduced slightly.It is concluded that restricted nutrition at the level and time applied has no effect on reproductive performances of ewes and therefore the practice of restriction in early pregnancy to conserve feed for late pregnancy is a sound policy.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Integration of Meta-QTL and Genome-Wide Association Study Discovers the Genomic Regions and Candidate Genes for Yield and Yield-related Traits in Bread Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Amo Aduragbemi ◽  
Di Wei ◽  
Yongmao Chai ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Improving yield and yield-related traits are key goals in wheat breeding program. The integration of accumulated wheat genetic resources provides an opportunity to uncover important genomic regions and candidate genes that affect wheat yield. Here, a comprehensive Meta-QTL analysis was conducted on 2230 QTLs of yield-related traits obtained from 119 QTL studies. These QTLs were refined into 145 Meta-QTLs (MQTLs), and 89 MQTLs were verified by GWAS with different natural populations. The average confidence interval (CI) of these MQTLs was 2.92 times less than that of the initial QTLs. Furthermore, 76 core MQTL regions with a physical distance less than 25 Mb were detected. Based on the homology analysis and expression patterns, 237 candidate genes in the MQTLs involved in photoperiod response, grain development, multiple plant growth regulator pathways, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and spike and flower organ development were determined. A novel candidate gene TaKAO-4A was confirmed to be significantly associated with grain size, and a CAPS marker was developed based on its dominant haplotype. In summary, this study clarified a method based on the integration of Meta-QTL, GWAS and homology comparison to reveal the genomic regions and candidate genes that affect important yield-related traits in wheat. This work will help to lay a foundation for the identification, transfer and aggregation of these important QTLs or candidate genes in wheat high-yield breeding.

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