scholarly journals Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Aneta L. Zygulska ◽  
Piotr Pierzchalski
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Endoscopic Methods

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Less than half of cases are diagnosed when the cancer is locally advanced. CRC is a heterogenous disease associated with a number of genetic or somatic mutations. Diagnostic markers are used for risk stratification and early detection, which might prolong overall survival. Nowadays, the widespread use of semi-invasive endoscopic methods and feacal blood tests characterised by suboptimal accuracy of diagnostic results has led to the detection of cases at later stages. New molecular noninvasive tests based on the detection of CRC alterations seem to be more sensitive and specific then the current methods. Therefore, research aiming at identifying molecular markers, such as DNA, RNA and proteins, would improve survival rates and contribute to the development of personalized medicine. The identification of “ideal” diagnostic biomarkers, having high sensitivity and specificity, being safe, cheap and easy to measure, remains a challenge. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in novel diagnostic biomarkers for tumor tissue, blood and stool samples in CRC patients.

scholarly journals Mutation profiling of tumor DNA from plasma and tumor tissue of colorectal cancer patients with a novel, high-sensitivity multiplexed mutation detection platform

Oncotarget ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2549-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Kidess ◽  
Kyra Heirich ◽  
Matthew Wiggin ◽  
Valentina Vysotskaia ◽  
Brendan C. Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Mutation Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Dna ◽  
Mutation Profiling

KRAS Mutations and M2PK Upregulation in Stool Samples from Individuals with Positive Fecal Occult Blood Tests Screened for Colorectal Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Battaglia ◽  
Elisabetta Baritono ◽  
Andrea Remo ◽  
Roberto Vendraminelli ◽  
Antonio Conti
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Kras Mutations ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Stool Samples

scholarly journals Role of chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Paiar ◽  
Vanessa Di Cataldo ◽  
Giacomo Zei ◽  
Eleonora Monteleone Pasquetti ◽  
Sara Cecchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique malignant head and neck cancer with clinical, demographic, and geographic features distinct from other head and neck epithelial malignancies. Non-keratinizing, poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated WHO types 2 and 3 is the most common subtypes of NPC. NPC is also characterized by its relatively high sensitivity to radiation, so that in the last decades radiotherapy (RT) has been the cornerstone of treatment. However, in the majority of cases NPC is discovered at locally advanced stage. The results are disappointing when RT alone is offered. The 5-year survival rates have been reported to be about 34-52%. The poor prognosis for advanced NPC led to increasing interests in exploring the use of chemotherapy (CT). NPC has been considered to be not only radiosensitive but also chemo-sensitive and has shown high response rate to various chemotherapeutic agents. Certainly, the treatment strategies for NPC will continue to change and evolve as a better understanding is gained of the molecular and immune mechanisms that drive this disease. We reviewed the current literature focusing on the role of CT and new-targeted agents.

scholarly journals Faecal Diagnostic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5568
Author(s):  
Andrea Cruz ◽  
Carla M. Carvalho ◽  
Alexandra Cunha ◽  
Anais Crespo ◽  
Águeda Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Immunochemical Test ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Advanced Adenomas

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer progression, including invasion and metastasis, is a major cause of death among CRC patients. Current methods for CRC screening commonly consist of a combination of faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for stool occult blood detection and invasive procedures such as colonoscopy. Considering the slow progression of CRC, and that symptoms usually emerge at advanced stages, its early diagnostic can limit cancer’s spread and provide a successful treatment. Biomarkers have a high potential for the diagnosis of CRC in either blood or stool samples. Methods: In this study, we analysed the diagnostic value of six different biomarkers in stool samples of patients with CRC, advanced adenomas, other lesions and healthy individuals. We have also assessed the overall performance of the combination of these biomarkers for CRC detection. Results: The results indicate that haemoglobin (Hb) and M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) levels were increased in CRC patients in comparison to the controls. Conversely, the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were not significantly different between the tested groups. Conclusion: The combination of FIT-Hb with the M2-PK levels increased the specificity or sensitivity for CRC detection and thus present potential as faecal diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.

scholarly journals RAS Mutational Status Detection in Tissue, Plasma, and Stool Samples for Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Liuying Zhu ◽  
Yuanhe Wang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Qian Dong ◽  
Yunpeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gene Status

Objective. RAS gene testing on tumor tissue biopsies is required for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, it is infeasible for patients after curative surgery and repeated biopsy. This study is aimed at evaluating the consistency of RAS genes in patient’s plasma, stool, and tumor tissue samples, to explore whether plasma and stool samples can supplement or replace tumor tissue to assess baseline RAS gene status. Methods. Between June 2016 and October 2017, 53 patients with stage I-IV CRC from the Liaoning Cancer Hospital and the Department of Medical Oncology of the First Hospital of China Medical University were enrolled in the study. Patient tissues, peripheral blood, and stool samples were collected, and RAS gene tests were performed. Results. Analysis of the KRAS gene in tissue, plasma, and stool samples from 53 CRC patients detected 25 cases (47%) of KRAS gene mutations in the tissue samples, 20 cases (38%) of KRAS gene mutations in plasma, and 18 (34%) KRAS gene mutations in fecal samples. The overall consistency of KRAS gene status between tissue samples and plasma samples was 77.4% (p≤0.05) and between tissue samples and stool samples was 83% (p≤0.05). In stage IV cases, the agreement of KRAS gene status between tissue and plasma samples was 93.8% (p≤0.05) and 93.8% (p≤0.05) between tissue and stool samples. Conclusion. There was a high overall consistency in KRAS mutational assessment between plasma, stool, and tissue samples. In stage IV patients, the consistency of KRAS gene detection between tissue and stools or plasma was higher.

scholarly journals Locally advanced colorectal cancer: results of surgical treatment and prognostic factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Guilherme Campos ◽  
Maria Célia Calijuri-Hamra ◽  
Antonio Rocco Imperiale ◽  
Desidério Roberto Kiss ◽  
Sergio Carlos Nahas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Advanced Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Histological Data ◽  
Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence surgical results and prognostic factors of locally advanced colorectal cancer. METHODS: Cohort study including 679 colorectal cancer patients treated from 1997 to 2007. Clinical, surgical and histological data were analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety patients (females 61%; median age 59 years) were treated for locally advanced carcinomas (13.2%), either in the colon (66%) or rectum (34%). Extended resections most commonly involved the small bowel (19.8%), bladder (16.4%), uterus (12.9%) and ovaries (11.2%). Postoperative morbidity and mortality occurred in 23 (25.6%) and 3 (3.3%) patients, respectively. Survival and recurrence analysis among 76 R0 (84.4%) procedures revealed a 60% 5-year survival and 34% local recurrence rates. Survival curves demonstrated reduced rates for rectal location (45% vs 65%), tumor depth (50% for T4 vs 75% for T3), vascular/ lymphatic/perineural invasion (35% vs 80%) and lymph node metastasis (35% vs 80%). CONCLUSIONS: Locally advanced carcinomas were found in 13.2% of patients. Survival rates were negatively affected by rectal location and adverse histological features. Number of involved organs and neoplastic adhesions did not influenced chances of survival. A radical R0 extended resection was achieved in a high proportion of cases, resulting in a 60% cancer-free survival under acceptable operative risks.

scholarly journals The Importance of Sex in the Discovery of Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Linnea Hases ◽  
Ahmed Ibrahim ◽  
Xinsong Chen ◽  
Yanghong Liu ◽  
Johan Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Normal Colon ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths. Advances within bioinformatics, such as machine learning, can improve biomarker discovery and ultimately improve CRC survival rates. There are clear sex differences in CRC characteristics, but the impact of sex has not been considered with regards to CRC biomarkers. Our aim here was to investigate sex differences in the transcriptome of a normal colon and CRC, and between paired normal and tumor tissue. Next, we attempted to identify CRC diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and investigate if they are sex-specific. We collected paired normal and tumor tissue, performed RNA-seq, and applied feature selection in combination with machine learning to identify the top CRC diagnostic biomarkers. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to identify sex-specific CRC diagnostic biomarkers and performed an overall survival analysis to identify sex-specific prognostic biomarkers. We found transcriptomic sex differences in both the normal colon tissue and in CRC. Forty-four of the top-ranked biomarkers were sex-specific and 20 biomarkers showed a sex-specific prognostic value. Our data show the importance of sex in the discovery of CRC biomarkers. We propose 20 sex-specific CRC prognostic biomarkers, including ESM1, GUCA2A, and VWA2 for males and CLDN1 and FUT1 for females.

scholarly journals Detection of Somatic Mutations with ddPCR from Liquid Biopsy of Colorectal Cancer Patients

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Uršula Prosenc Zmrzljak ◽  
Rok Košir ◽  
Zoran Krivokapić ◽  
Dragica Radojković ◽  
Aleksandra Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Fractional Abundance

Liquid biopsy and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) show great promise in cancer diagnostics. In this study, we designed a custom droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay for the quantification and quality control of cfDNA isolated from serum. The assay was validated on a group of locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and two control groups—patients with hemorrhoids and healthy individuals. The assay shows a high correlation with Qubit measurement (r = 0.976) but offers a higher dynamic range. Mean concentrations of cfDNA were 12.36 ng/µL, 5.17 ng/µL, and 0.29 ng/µL for CRC, hemorrhoid patients, and healthy controls, respectively. The quality of cfDNA was assessed with the measurement of B-cell DNA contamination. On a subset of CRC patients, we compared the mutation status on KRAS (G12A, G12D, G12V, G13D) and BRAF (V600E) genes in the primary tumor and cfDNA isolated from the serum. A total of 70.6% of primary tumor samples were mutated, and the mean fractional abundance of mutations was 9.50%. The matching serum samples were mutated in 38% cases with an average fractional abundance of 0.23%. We conclude that any decisions based solely on the amount of cfDNA present in patient serum must be interpreted carefully and in the context of co-morbidities. This study explores the potential of ddPCR somatic mutations detection from liquid biopsy as a supplement to tissue biopsy in targeted personalized CRC patient management.

Detector-C: A Blood-based IVD with High Sensitivity and Specificity for Early Detection and Screening of Colorectal Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rosenthal ◽  
H Köppen ◽  
R Musikowski ◽  
R Schwanitz ◽  
J Behrendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Sensitivity
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