scholarly journals Unique Fine Morphology of Mouthparts in Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Adapted to Millipede Feeding

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Junru Zhang ◽  
Wanshan Wang ◽  
Jolanta Brożek ◽  
Wu Dai
Keyword(s):  
Internal Surface ◽  
Food Canal ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Feeding Process ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fine Morphology ◽  
Insight Into

Millipede assassin bugs are a diverse group of specialized millipede predators. However, the feeding behavior of Ectrichodiinae remains poorly known, especially how the mouthpart structures relate to various functions in feeding. In this study, fine morphology of the mouthparts and feeding performance of Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål, 1867) was observed and described in detail for the first time. The triangular labrum is divided by a conspicuous transverse membrane into a strongly sclerotized basilabrum and a less sclerotized distilabrum. Fifteen types of sensilla are distributed on the mouthparts. Each mandibular stylet has an expanded spatulate apex and about 150 approximately transverse ridges on the external middle side; these help in penetrating the ventral trunk area and the intersegmental membranes of millipede prey. The right maxilla is tapered. On the internal surface are a row dorsal short bristles near the apex and a row of ventral bristles preapically. A longitudinal row of long lamellate structures extend proximate for a considerable distance, lie entirely within the food canal, and bear several short spines and short bristles. There is no obvious difference between males and females in the distribution, number, and types of sensilla on mouthparts. The adult feeding process involves several steps, including searching and capturing prey, paralyzing prey, a resting phase, and a feeding phase. The evolution of the mouthpart morphology and the putative functional significance of their sensilla are discussed, providing insight into the structure and function of the mouthparts adapted for millipede feeding.

A new hermit crab species of the Pagurixus anceps group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from southern Japan, and supplemental notes on P. patiae Komai, 2006

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1627 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAYUKI OSAWA ◽  
TOMOYUKI KOMAI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Southern Japan ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

The pagurid hermit crab genus Pagurixus Melin, 1939, currently includes 24 species in the Indo-West Pacific, and recent studies have revealed the richness of this genus in southern Japan, particularly in coral reefs. In this paper, we deal with two species of the genus, P. dissimilis n. sp. described from southern Japan, and the recently described P. patiae Komai, 2006. The new species appears closest to P. nanus Komai & Takada, 2006 in both morphology and coloration in life, but is distinguished from the latter by having a clearly delimited dorsomesial margin of the dactylus of the right cheliped in males and females, a blunt but distinct median crest and a mesial row of small spines on the dorsal surface of the carpus of the male right cheliped, and paired gonopores in females. The newly obtained specimens of P. patiae from Okinawa Island enable us to describe the coloration in life of the species for the first time and to examine morphological variation. Brief notes on the distribution of the Japanese Pagurixus species are also provided.

scholarly journals Novel Insight Into the Development and Function of Hypopharyngeal Glands in Honey Bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saboor Ahmad ◽  
Shahmshad Ahmed Khan ◽  
Khalid Ali Khan ◽  
Jianke Li
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Glands ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) are the most important organ of hymenopterans which play critical roles for the insect physiology. In honey bees, HGs are paired structures located bilaterally in the head, in front of the brain between compound eyes. Each gland is composed of thousands of secretory units connecting to secretory duct in worker bees. To better understand the recent progress made in understanding the structure and function of these glands, we here review the ontogeny of HGs, and the factors affecting the morphology, physiology, and molecular basis of the functionality of the glands. We also review the morphogenesis of HGs in the pupal and adult stages, and the secretory role of the glands across the ages for the first time. Furthermore, recent transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome analyses have elucidated the potential mechanisms driving the HGs development and functionality. This adds a comprehensive novel knowledge of the development and physiology of HGs in honey bees over time, which may be helpful for future research investigations.

Abstract 17527: Partitioning Echocardiographic Size and Function Parameters of the Right Ventricle Using CMR Normative Values from the MESA Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Addetia ◽  
Nadia El-Hangouche ◽  
Amit R Patel ◽  
Michael J Wilkinson ◽  
Roberto M Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Chamber View ◽  
Pulsed Wave Doppler ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Right ventricular (RV) size and function are important predictors of outcomes. There are, however, no cut-off values for degrees of RV enlargement or dysfunction. Recent guidelines on the right heart classify measurements only as abnormal or normal. In a cohort of patients with closely-spaced 2DE and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) we sought to determine magnitudes of abnormality in 2DE values by using CMR normative values as determined by the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study. Methods: We studied 217 patients, who had CMR (1.5T), and 2DE within 2±2.5 d. CMR RV ejection fraction (EF) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) were measured using the method of disks. The RV-focused apical 4-chamber view was used to measure the functional parameters, TAPSE (M-mode) and S’ (pulsed-wave Doppler), and fractional area change (FAC) as well as the size parameters of end-diastolic basal (RVEDDb) and mid (RVEDDm) diameters. Using CMR normal values from the MESA study for males and females separately, magnitudes of abnormality in RV enlargement and dysfunction were determined using SDs from the population mean. Patients were categorized based on CMR results. Values for corresponding 2DE size and function parameters were then calculated for each category using the regression line and cut-offs proposed. Results: Mean CMR and 2DE values are reported (Table 1). At least moderate correlations (r>0.50) were seen between the functional parameters and CMR RV EF and size parameters and CMR RV EDV. The best correlation was seen between RV EDA and CMR RV EDV (r=0.79). Echocardiographic parameters at 0, 2, 4 and 6 SDs from MESA-derived normal values for males and females separately are shown (Tables 2&3). Conclusions: Studies combining information from echocardiography and CMR performed in close proximity could enhance the ability to qualify RV size and function other than as normal or abnormal potentially providing more value to the clinician.

scholarly journals Fear Extinction Recall Modulates Human Frontomedial Theta and Amygdala Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 701-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias F J Sperl ◽  
Christian Panitz ◽  
Isabelle M Rosso ◽  
Daniel G Dillon ◽  
Poornima Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Analogous Effect ◽  
Theta Range

Abstract Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) studies, as well as animal studies, indicate that the amygdala and frontomedial brain regions are critically involved in conditioned fear and that frontomedial oscillations in the theta range (4–8 Hz) may support communication between these brain regions. However, few studies have used a multimodal approach to probe interactions among these key regions in humans. Here, our goal was to bridge the gap between prior human fMRI, EEG, and animal findings. Using simultaneous EEG–fMRI recordings 24 h after fear conditioning and extinction, conditioned stimuli presented (CS+E, CS−E) and not presented during extinction (CS+N, CS−N) were compared to identify effects specific to extinction versus fear recall. Differential (CS+ vs. CS−) electrodermal, frontomedial theta (EEG) and amygdala responses (fMRI) were reduced for extinguished versus nonextinguished stimuli. Importantly, effects on theta power covaried with effects on amygdala activation. Fear and extinction recall as indicated by theta explained 60% of the variance for the analogous effect in the right amygdala. Our findings show for the first time the interplay of amygdala and frontomedial theta activity during fear and extinction recall in humans and provide insight into neural circuits consistently linked with top-down amygdala modulation in rodents.

scholarly journals THE FOURTH BASTION OF SEVASTOPOL: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERY OF 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
В. Л. Мыц ◽  
С. Л. Соловьев ◽  
А. Ф. Покровская ◽  
Н. Ф. Соловьева
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Adaptive Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

В 2018-2019 гг. основным объектом исследований Севастопольской экспедиции ИИМК РАН стали оборонительные сооружения, расположенные на Историческом бульваре г. Севастополя. Археологические раскопки Четвертого бастиона позволили проследить историю его строительства. Впервые были получены достоверные данные о местоположении, характере и конструкции основных элементов фортификации правого фланга 4-го бастиона: валганга, горжи, эскарпа и контрэскарпа. Открыты орудийные дворики, части бруствера с орудийными амбразурами, вспомогательные площадки для размещения боеприпасов, погреба для хранения пороха и бомб, блиндажи для личного состава. Во рву обнаружены вырубленные в скале навесы-убежища и 14 входов в контрминные галереи, потайной ход для скрытного перемещения войск. В ходе раскопок собрана представительная археологическая коллекция предметов войны и быта защитников бастиона и их противников, достойная пополнить экспозиции музеев Севастополя, посвященных его обороне в годы Крымской войны. В 2019 г. специалистами ИИМК РАН и Эрмитажа разработана и представлена в Министерство культуры РФ концепция музеефикации и приспособления для современного использования выявленных сооружений в районе правого фаса 4-го бастиона на Мемориальном комплексе памятников обороны города в 1854-1855 гг. «Исторический бульвар» (г. Севастополь). In 2018-2019 defensive fortifications located in the Istoricheskiy (Historical) Boulevard of Sevastopol (Fig. 1) became the main object of excavations carried out by the Sevastopol expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (RAS). The archaeological excavations of the fourth bastion provide an insight into the history of its construction. Reliable data on location, characteristic features and technical design of the key fortification elements of the bastion right flank such as terreplein, neck line, escarp and counterscarp were obtained for the first time. The excavations revealed gun positions, parts of breastwork with gun ports, auxiliary areas for ammunition storage, a magazin for gun powder and bombs, dugout shelters for manpower. Shelter awnings cut out in rock and 14 entries into countermine galleries as well as a secret passage for surreptitious movements of troops (Fig. 3; 4) were identified. A representative archaeological assembly of war items and paraphernalia of bastion defenders and their enemy was collected during the excavations. It will replenish expositions of the Sevastopol museums dedicated to its defense in the Crimean war (Figs. 5-8). In 2019 specialists of the Institute for the History of Material Culture prepared a concept note for museification and adaptive use of constructions discovered in the right side of the fourth bastion at the 1854-1855 Memorial Ensemble of the City Defense Sites known as ‘the Historical Boulevard' (Sevastopol). The concept note was forwarded to the Russian Ministry of Culture.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF APORCELAIMUS AMPHIDYSIS N. SP. (NEMATODA: DORYLAIMOIDEA)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
New Species ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

Fifteen ganglia, associated with the nerve ring are reported. With the exception of the paired lateral cephalic papillary, postlateral papillary, and the amphidial ganglia, nine ganglia are linked by laterolateral commissures which are described for the first time. The laterolateral commissures appear to originate from paired internolateral ganglia located above and below the nerve ring. The longitudinal dorsal and paired ventral, amphidial, and lateral cephalic papillary nerves are traced from origin at their respective ganglia of the central nervous system to their termination. The paired ventral nerves pass to the right and left of the vagina, remaining double throughout most of their length. Portions of the rectosympathetic nervous systems are described in males and females. In the description of the new species based on males and females, the structure of the amphid is clarified, and the position of the plicated guiding ring and the dorsoventral width of the plicated guiding ring, expressed as percentage of spear length, are used as diagnostic characters. Illustrations and photomicrographs are provided.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Temporalis Tendon-Aponeurotic Complex: An in vivo MRI Macroscopic Analysis in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rachelle Isidro ◽  
Iacopo Cioffi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

The tendon-aponeurosis complex (TAC) of the temporalis dissipates forces produced during function. Abnormally reduced temporalis TACs have been found in individuals with chronic muscular temporomandibular disorders – a painful musculoskeletal condition that is more frequent in women than men. Whether there are sex differences in the temporalis TAC in healthy individuals is currently unknown. Here, we characterized and measured the temporalis TAC in healthy male and female young individuals between 5 and 15 years old to determine whether the volume of the temporalis TAC and the TAC-to-muscle ratio are different between males and females. We collected MRI studies from 90 healthy individuals, including equal numbers (15 M and 15 F) of young children (ages 5–7), children (9–11), and adolescents (13–15) and segmented the right temporalis and its TAC using software. Using general linear models, we tested the effect of sex, age, and their interaction on the volumes of the temporalis and its TAC, and the TAC-to-muscle ratio. The volumes of the temporalis and its TAC increased with age (both <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and were not affected by sex (<i>p</i> = 0.252 and <i>p</i> = 0.179) or by the interaction sex-by-age (<i>p</i> = 0.079 and <i>p</i> = 0.095, respectively). The TAC-to-muscle ratio did not change significantly with age (<i>p</i> = 0.655) and was not affected by sex (0.438) or by the interaction sex-by-age (0.524). We provide, for the first time, volumetric data of the temporalis TAC in children and adolescents. The volumes of the temporalis TAC and the TAC-to-muscle ratio are not different between male and female individuals until the age of 15.

scholarly journals Foetal oestrogens and autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2970-2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Baron-Cohen ◽  
Alexandros Tsompanidis ◽  
Bonnie Auyeung ◽  
Bent Nørgaard-Pedersen ◽  
David M. Hougaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Oestrone Sulphate ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Prenatal Androgens ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Abstract Elevated latent prenatal steroidogenic activity has been found in the amniotic fluid of autistic boys, based on measuring prenatal androgens and other steroid hormones. To date, it is unclear if other prenatal steroids also contribute to autism likelihood. Prenatal oestrogens need to be investigated, as they play a key role in synaptogenesis and corticogenesis during prenatal development, in both males and females. Here we test whether levels of prenatal oestriol, oestradiol, oestrone and oestrone sulphate in amniotic fluid are associated with autism, in the same Danish Historic Birth Cohort, in which prenatal androgens were measured, using univariate logistic regression (n = 98 cases, n = 177 controls). We also make a like-to-like comparison between the prenatal oestrogens and androgens. Oestradiol, oestrone, oestriol and progesterone each related to autism in univariate analyses after correction with false discovery rate. A comparison of standardised odds ratios showed that oestradiol, oestrone and progesterone had the largest effects on autism likelihood. These results for the first time show that prenatal oestrogens contribute to autism likelihood, extending the finding of elevated prenatal steroidogenic activity in autism. This likely affects sexual differentiation, brain development and function.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

Application of Statutes of Limitations to Islamic Banking: The Case of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Aishath Muneeza ◽  
Zakariya Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Limitation Of Action ◽  
Insight Into

Limitations of action designate extent of time after an event, as set by statutes of limitations, within which legal action can be initiated by a party to a transaction. No event is actionable outside the designated time as same is rendered statute-barred. This study aims to provide an insight into application and significance of Limitations Act 1950 and Limitation Ordinance 1952 to Islamic banking matters in Malaysia as well as Shariah viewpoint on the issue of limitation of action. In conducting the study, a qualitative research methodology is employed where reported Islamic banking cases from 1983 to 2018 in Malaysia were reviewed and analysed to ascertain the application of those statutes of limitations to Islamic banking. Likewise, relevant provisions of the statutes as invoked in the cases were examined to determine possible legislative conflicts between the provisions and the rule of Islamic law in governing the right and limitation of action in Islamic banking cases under the law. The reviewed cases show the extent to which statutes of limitations were invoked in Malaysian courts in determining validity of Islamic banking matters. The limitation provisions so referred to are largely sections 6(1)(a) and 21(1) Limitations Act 1953 and section 19 Limitation Ordinance 1953, which do not conflict with Shariah viewpoint on the matter. This study will prove invaluable to financial institutions and their customers alike in promoting knowledge and creating awareness over actionable event in the course of their transactions.

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