Effect of Climate Change on Introduced and Native Agricultural Invasive Insect Pests in Europe

Climate change and invasive species are major environmental issues facing the world today. They represent the major threats for various types of ecosystems worldwide, mainly managed ecosystems such as agriculture. This study aims to examine the link between climate change and the biological invasion of insect pest species. Increased international trade systems and human mobility have led to increasing introduction rates of invasive insects while climate change could decrease barriers for their establishment and distribution. To mitigate environmental and economic damage it is important to understand the biotic and abiotic factors affecting the process of invasion (transport, introduction, establishment, and dispersal) in terms of climate change. We highlight the major biotic factors affecting the biological invasion process: diet breadth, phenological plasticity, and lifecycle strategies. Finally, we present alien insect pest invasion management that includes prevention, eradication, and assessment of the biological invasion in the form of modelling prediction tools.

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THE IMPACT OF TRANSGENIC BRINJAL FOR THE CONTROL OF LEUCINODES ORBONALIS GUENEE AND POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON NON-TARGET ARTHROPODS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Plant Protection ◽

10.33804/pp.004.03.3420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 131-135

Author(s):

Wali Muhammad ◽

Khadija Javed ◽

Humayun Javed ◽

Munir Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Azam Khan

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Fruit Borer ◽

The Impact

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is the most important vegetable crop in the Asia Pacific region, with Pakistan being the seventh largest producer. There are many biotic and abiotic factors affecting its production in terms of quantity and quality including insect pests as a significant constraint. In Pakistan, the brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis is the major insect pest of brinjal. However, some other chewing and sap-sucking insects are also essential pests. Bt-brinjal, a transgenic variety, has been introduced in India and Bangladesh for the management of lepidopteran pests. Before the commercialization of transgenic brinjal in Pakistan, it must be assessed for its effects on the environment and non-target organisms. This study is presenting the overview of transgenic brinjal as an option to manage brinjal shoot and fruit borer along with current and future challenges in areas of its commercialization.

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Prevalence of Sporadic Insect Pests of Seedling Corn and Factors Affecting Risk of Infestation

Journal of Integrated Pest Management ◽

10.1093/jipm/pmx020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Thomas W Sappington ◽

Louis S Hesler ◽

K Clint Allen ◽

Randy G Luttrell ◽

Sharon K Papiernik

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Multiple Species

Abstract A preventative insecticide treatment is a tactic compatible with an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy for a particular pest only when a rescue treatment is not a realistic option, and if there is a reasonable expectation of economic damage by that pest. Most corn, Zea mays L., planted in the United States is protected from several sporadic early-season insect pests by neonicotinoid seed treatments, usually without the knowledge of the threat posed in a given field. We undertook an extensive literature review of these sporadic pests to clarify the prevalence of economic infestations in different regions of the United States, and the agronomic, biotic, and abiotic factors that affect the likelihood of attack. The summaries of the prevalence and risk factors presented here should help farmers and consultants better assess the value of preventative protection of seedling corn under local conditions, and provide others with a better understanding of the complexities farmers face in assessing risks posed by potential pests. The profiles suggest that, in general, pressure from most sporadic pests on seedling corn is rare or local, seldom high enough to decrease yield. However, this is not true in all regions for all sporadic pests. An important issue exposed by the profiles is that the value of preventative insecticide protection of seedling corn depends on understanding the likely combined pressure from multiple species. While such risk may often still be negligible, there is a great need for robust methodology to assess the risk posed by multiple pests. This represents a significant challenge for future research.

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Determinants of species assemblages of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems of western China

Forest Ecosystems ◽

10.1186/s40663-021-00351-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chun-Jing Wang ◽

Rong Wang ◽

Chun-Mei Yu ◽

Yongcuo Pubu ◽

Wan-Gui Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Species Interactions ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Species Assemblages ◽

Pest Species ◽

Human Influence ◽

Alpine Forest

Abstract Background Insect pests are a significant threat to natural resources and social development. Modeling species assemblages of insect pests can predict spatiotemporal pest dynamics. However, research gaps remain regarding the mechanism for determining species assemblages of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems. Here, we explored these determinants using a field investigation conducted for insect pests in a region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We assessed the species assemblages of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems based on species co-occurrence patterns and species diversity (i.e., observed diversity, dark diversity, community completeness, and species pool). A probabilistic model was used to test for statistically significant pairwise patterns of species co-occurrence using the presence-absence matrix of pest species based on species interactions. We used ordinary least squares regression modeling to explore relationships between abiotic factors (i.e., climate factors and human influence) and species diversity. Results Positive pest species interactions and many association links can occur widely across different investigation sites and parts of plant hosts in alpine forest ecosystems. We detected high dark diversity and low community completeness of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems. High temperature and precipitation could promote pest species diversity, particularly dark diversity and species pools. Human influence could drive high levels of pest species diversity and lead to dark diversity and species pools. Community completeness could be an effective indicator for insect pest risk assessment. Conclusions Our study provides new evidence for the determinants of insect pest species assemblages in alpine forest ecosystems from the perspectives of pest species interactions and abiotic factors. The findings of our study could reveal the mechanism for shaping species assemblages and support the prevention and control of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems.

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Emergence of New Potential Insect Pests of Date Palm: Could Climate Change Be the Reason?

Outlooks on Pest Management ◽

10.1564/v30_dec_02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 242-245

Author(s):

Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Date Palm ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Economic Damage ◽

South American ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

The Family ◽

American Palm ◽

Sorghum Chafer

Four insect species were reported as new potential pests of date palm in recent years. They are sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta), the rose chafer (Potosia opaca), the sericine chafer beetle (Maladera insanablis), and the South American palm borer (Pysandisia archon). The first three species belong to the order Coleoptera and the family Scarabaeidae, while the fourth species is a lepidopteran of the family Castniidae. The injury as well as the economic damage caused by the four species on date palm need to be quantified. Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, the date palm pest complex is expected to change in the future. To the author's knowledge, this article provides the first report of sorghum chafer as a pest damaging date palm fruit.

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Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to climate change in the forests of northeastern North America: What can we predict?This article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x08-171 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 231-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 268

Author(s):

Jeffrey S. Dukes ◽

Jennifer Pontius ◽

David Orwig ◽

Jeffrey R. Garnas ◽

Vikki L. Rodgers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Plant Species ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Adelges Tsugae ◽

Pest Species ◽

Invasive Plant Species ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Wide Range ◽

Nuisance Species

Climate models project that by 2100, the northeastern US and eastern Canada will warm by approximately 3–5 °C, with increased winter precipitation. These changes will affect trees directly and also indirectly through effects on “nuisance” species, such as insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plants. We review how basic ecological principles can be used to predict nuisance species’ responses to climate change and how this is likely to impact northeastern forests. We then examine in detail the potential responses of two pest species (hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand) and forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria Hubner)), two pathogens (armillaria root rot ( Armillaria spp.) and beech bark disease ( Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind. + Neonectria spp.)), and two invasive plant species (glossy buckthorn ( Frangula alnus Mill.) and oriental bittersweet ( Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.)). Several of these species are likely to have stronger or more widespread effects on forest composition and structure under the projected climate. However, uncertainty pervades our predictions because we lack adequate data on the species and because some species depend on complex, incompletely understood, unstable relationships. While targeted research will increase our confidence in making predictions, some uncertainty will always persist. Therefore, we encourage policies that allow for this uncertainty by considering a wide range of possible scenarios.

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A Way Forward to Combat Insect Pest in Rice

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v25i1.55176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

MP Ali ◽

B Nessa ◽

MT Khatun ◽

MU Salam ◽

MS Kabir

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Production Systems ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Mobile App ◽

Rice Production ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Pest Species ◽

Management Options

The damage caused by insect pest is the continual factor for the reduction of rice production. To date, 232 rice insect pest species are identified in Bangladesh and more than 100 species of insects are considered pests in rice production systems globally, but only about 20 - 33 species can cause significant economic loss. The major goal of this study is to explore all the possible ways of developed and proposed technologies for rice insect pests management and minimize economic losses. Insect pests cause 20% average yield loss in Asia where more than 90% of the world's rice is produced. In Bangladesh, outbreak of several insects such as rice hispa, leafroller, gallmidge, stem borers and brown planthopper (BPH) occurs as severe forms. Based on previous reports, yield loss can reach upto 62% in an outbreak situation due to hispa infestation. However, BPH can cause 44% yield loss in severe infestested field. To overcome the outbreaks in odd years and to keep the loss upto 5%, it is necessary to take some preventive measures such as planting of resistant or tolerant variety, stop insecticide spraying at early establishment of rice, establish early warning and forecasting system, avoid cultivation of susceptible variety and following crop rotation. Subsequent quick management options such as insecticidal treatment for specific insect pest should also be broadcasted through variety of information systems. Advanced genomic tool can be used to develop genetically modified insect and plants for sustainable pest management. In addition, to stipulate farmers not use insecticides at early crop stgae and minimize general annualized loss, some interventions including training rice farmers, regular field monitoring, digitalization in correct insect pests identification and their management (example; BRRI rice doctor mobile app), and demonstration in farmers field. Each technology itself solely or combination of two or more or all the packages can combat the insect pests, save natural enemies, harvest expected yield and contribute to safe food production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 1-22, 2021

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Evaluation of New Systemic Insecticides for Elm Insect Pest Control

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-14.1.22 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Casey Sclar ◽

Whitney S. Cranshaw

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Leaf Beetle ◽

Pest Species ◽

Shade Trees ◽

Insect Pest Control ◽

Systemic Activity ◽

Systemic Insecticides

Abstract Use of systemic insecticides that can be injected either into the root system or trunk of woody plants provides several potential advantages, notably in control of drift during application. Recently, new classes of insecticides with systemic activity have been developed, which may supplant the organophosphate and carbamate systemic insecticides that have previously been available. To evaluate their potential to control insects affecting shade trees, studies were conducted using imidacloprid and abamectin on elm. Soil injections of imidacloprid appeared particularly effective, controlling all three of the target pest species in this study (elm leaf beetle, European elm scale, elm leaf aphid). Both imidacloprid and abamectin also were effective against at least some elm insects when injected into trunks. Persistence of irnidacloprid was unusually long, providing second season control of all elm insect pests, although root uptake following soil injections was slow.

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Biosecurity risks of invasive alien insect pest species pathways through shared borders with Nigeria

Journal of Agriculture Forestry and the Social Sciences ◽

10.4314/joafss.v16i2.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 13-23

Author(s):

B.O. Bobadoye ◽

A.O. Bobadoye

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Forest Policy ◽

Pest Species ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Border Line ◽

National Border ◽

Alien Pest ◽

Alien Insect

Understanding the biosecurity risks that invasive alien insect pest species currently ravaging forest trees pose is of great importance to forest ecosystems and health. This problem has posed significant challenges to researchers, relevant stakeholders, policy makers and national biosecurity agencies worldwide. This study gives an overview of the top 15 suspected insect pest species most likely to invade or have already invaded forested habitats in order to disrupt ecosystem services and biodiversity within the borders of Nigeria through borderline states (Gombe, Jigawa, Borno, Yobe, Sokoto, Cross River and Lagos). For Nigeria as a whole, all of these top 15 pest species have already established, with identified intra- border line states having no significant effect on severity of invasions ( F1,6=0.07, P=0.910) when compared to identified inter-border line states. This study concludes that the immediate biosecurity risks from already identified invasive insect pests are greater from outside country (inter) borders of Nigeria than within state-to-state (intra) borders of Nigeria. Our findings have potentially significant implications for immediate implementation of national biosecurity forest policy Acts in compliance with Cartagena and Nagoya protocols, emphasizing the need to initiate and implement biosecurity measures simultaneously with any ongoing trans-national border interventions. Keywords: Biosecurity, invasive alien pest species, forests, Nigeria

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Abiotic Factors Affecting Canola Establishment and Insect Pest Dynamics

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2012/838903 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Christian Nansen ◽

Calvin Trostle ◽

Sangu Angadi ◽

Patrick Porter ◽

Xavier Martini

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

High Plains ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Minimum Relative Humidity

Canola is grown mainly as an oil-seed crop, but recently the interest in canola has increased due to its potential as a biodiesel crop. The main objectives of this paper were to evaluate effects of abiotic factors and seed treatment on canola plant establishment and pest pressure in the Southern High Plains of Texas. Data was collected at two field locations during the first seven months of two field seasons. Based on multi-regression analysis, we demonstrated that precipitation was positively associated with ranked plant weight, daily minimum relative humidity and maximum temperature were negatively associated with plant weight, and that there may be specific optimal growth conditions regarding cumulative solar radiation and wind speed. The outlined multi-regression approach may be considered appropriate for ecological studies of canola establishment and pest communities elsewhere and therefore enable identification of suitable regions for successful canola production. We also demonstrated that aphids were about 35% more abundant on non-treated seeds than on treated seeds, but the sensitivity to seed treatment was only within four months after plant emergence. On the other hand, seed treatment had negligible effect on presence of thrips.

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Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/jppr-2014-0031 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 205-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David William Hagstrum ◽

Paul Whitney Flinn

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Pest Species ◽

Management Tools ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Insect Infestations ◽

Food Residues ◽

And Control

Abstract Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.

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