Evaluation of Strategies to Fight COVID-19: The French Paradigm

(1) Background: We collected COVID-19 mortality data and the age distribution of the deceased in France and other European countries, as well as specifically in the cities of Paris and Marseille, and compared them. (2) Methods: Data on mortality related to COVID-19 and the associated age distribution were collected from government institutions in various European countries. In France, data were obtained from INSEE and Santé Publique France. All-cause mortality was also examined in order to study potential excess mortality using EuroMOMO. The Marseille data came from the epidemiological surveillance system. (3) Results: France is one of the European countries most impacted by COVID-19. Its proportion of deaths in people under 60 years of age is higher (6.5%) than that of Italy (4.6%) or Spain (4.7%). Excess mortality (5% more deaths) was also observed. Ile-de-France and the Grand-Est are the two French regions with the highest mortality. The proportion of deaths in the under-60 age group was considerable in Ile-de-France (9.9% vs. 4.5% in the Southern region). There are significantly higher numbers of patients hospitalized, in intensive care and deceased in Paris than in Marseille. (4) Conclusions: No patient management, i.e., from screening to diagnosis, including biological assessment and clinical examination, likely explains the high mortality associated with COVID-19.

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Excess mortality monitoring in England and Wales during the influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268811000410 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 139 (9) ◽

pp. 1431-1439 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. HARDELID ◽

N. ANDREWS ◽

R. PEBODY

Keyword(s):

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Cold Weather ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Age Group ◽

England And Wales ◽

Health Events ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

All Cause Mortality

SUMMARYWe present the results from a novel surveillance system for detecting excess all-cause mortality by age group in England and Wales developed during the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 period from April 2009 to March 2010. A Poisson regression model was fitted to age-specific mortality data from 1999 to 2008 and used to predict the expected number of weekly deaths in the absence of extreme health events. The system included adjustment for reporting delays. During the pandemic, excess all-cause mortality was seen in the 5–14 years age group, where mortality was flagged as being in excess for 1 week after the second peak in pandemic influenza activity; and in age groups >45 years during a period of very cold weather. This new system has utility for rapidly estimating excess mortality for other acute public health events such as extreme heat or cold weather.

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Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Philadelphia

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2021.306285 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e1-e6

Author(s):

Megan Todd ◽

Meagan Pharis ◽

Sam P. Gulino ◽

Jessica M. Robbins ◽

Cheryl Bettigole

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Poisson Model ◽

People Of Color ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Registration System ◽

Vital Registration System ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Excess Deaths

Objectives. To estimate excess all-cause mortality in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the COVID-19 pandemic and understand the distribution of excess mortality in the population. Methods. With a Poisson model trained on recent historical data from the Pennsylvania vital registration system, we estimated expected weekly mortality in 2020. We compared these estimates with observed mortality to estimate excess mortality. We further examined the distribution of excess mortality by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results. There were an estimated 3550 excess deaths between March 22, 2020, and January 2, 2021, a 32% increase above expectations. Only 77% of excess deaths (n=2725) were attributed to COVID-19 on the death certiﬁcate. Excess mortality was disproportionately high among older adults and people of color. Sex differences varied by race/ethnicity. Conclusions. Excess deaths during the pandemic were not fully explained by COVID-19 mortality; ofﬁcial counts signiﬁcantly undercount the true death toll. Far from being a great equalizer, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated preexisting disparities in mortality by race/ethnicity. Public Health Implications. Mortality data must be disaggregated by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to accurately understand disparities among groups. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 10, 2021: e1–e6. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306285 )

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Natural infection of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by trypanosomatids in two different environments in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, State of Rondônia, Brazil

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822012000300023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 395-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dionatas Ulisses de Oliveira Meneguetti ◽

Olzeno Trevisan ◽

Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo ◽

Renato Moreira Rosa

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Rhodnius Prolixus ◽

The State ◽

High Index ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Digestive Tube ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed the occurrence and the contamination of triatomines by trypanosomatids in Orbignya speciosa (babassu) specimens in the State of Rondônia, Brazil, in two different environments (pasture and woods). METHODS: Capture of triatomines on babassus and microscopic search for trypanosomatids in their digestive tube were carried out. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-four (494) specimens were captured (Rhodnius prolixus and R.robustus), of which 35.6% of the triatomines were positive for trypanosomatids. CONCLUSIONS: The high index of natural infection along with the abundance of triatomines points out to the necessity to create an epidemiological surveillance system to monitor vector-borne transmission and deepen the studies on the ecology of such vectors in the Amazon.

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Homicide Epidemic in Cali, Colombia: A Surveillance System Data Analysis, 1993‒2018

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2021.306254 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e1-e8

Author(s):

Rodrigo Guerrero-Velasco ◽

Víctor Hugo Muñoz ◽

Alberto Concha-Eastman ◽

Álvaro J. Pretel-Meneses ◽

Maria I. Gutiérrez-Martínez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Annual Percentage Change ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Joinpoint Regression ◽

Homicide Rates ◽

System Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

Objectives. To examine homicide rates in Cali, Colombia, during the 1993–2018 period, using information derived from an interagency surveillance system. Methods. We used homicide data from Cali’s Epidemiological Surveillance System to examine homicide trends by victim’s age and sex, time, and type of method used. We estimated trend changes and the annual percentage changes using joinpoint regression analyses. Results. Homicide rates per 100 000 inhabitants dropped from 102 in 1993 to 47.8 in 2018. We observed reductions in homicide rates across age and sex groups. Most homicide victims were men aged 20 to 39 years from poor, marginalized areas. Firearms were used in 84.9% of all cases. The average annual percentage change for the entire period was −3.6 (95% confidence interval = −6.7, −0.4). Conclusions. Fluctuations in homicide rates in Cali show a clear epidemic pattern, occurring concurrently with the “crack epidemic” in different countries. Reliable and timely information provided by an Epidemiological Surveillance System allowed opportune formulation of public policies to reduce the impact of violence in Cali. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 10, 2021: e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306254 )

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Profiling Cases With Nonrespiratory Symptoms and Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections in Mexico City

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1288 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla ◽

Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa ◽

Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez ◽

Carlos A Fermín-Martínez ◽

Alejandro Márquez-Salinas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Mexico City ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Symptom Development ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

Abstract We profiled cases with nonrespiratory symptoms (NRS) and asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections assessed within Mexico City’s Epidemiological Surveillance System. Initially asymptomatic or NRS cases have decreased risk of adverse outcomes compared with cases with respiratory symptoms. Comorbidity and age influence symptom development in initially asymptomatic cases.

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Development of a web-based epidemiological surveillance system with health system response for improving maternal and newborn health: Field-testing in Thailand

Health Informatics Journal ◽

10.1177/1460458216628312 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 109-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tippawan Liabsuetrakul ◽

Tagoon Prappre ◽

Pakamas Pairot ◽

Nurlisa Oumudee ◽

Monir Islam

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Newborn Health ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Maternal And Newborn Health ◽

Web Based ◽

Automatic Data ◽

Automatic Data Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System ◽

Maternal And Newborn

Surveillance systems are yet to be integrated with health information systems for improving the health of pregnant mothers and their newborns, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to develop a web-based epidemiological surveillance system for maternal and newborn health with integration of action-oriented responses and automatic data analysis with results presentations and to assess the system acceptance by nurses and doctors involved in various hospitals in southern Thailand. Freeware software and scripting languages were used. The system can be run on different platforms, and it is accessible via various electronic devices. Automatic data analysis with results presentations in the forms of graphs, tables and maps was part of the system. A multi-level security system was incorporated into the program. Most doctors and nurses involved in the study felt the system was easy to use and useful. This system can be integrated into country routine reporting system for monitoring maternal and newborn health and survival.

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Multiple Sclerosis Mortality Rates in Canada, 1975-2009

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2015.236 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 134-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sharon A. Warren ◽

Wonita Janzen ◽

Kenneth G. Warren ◽

Lawrence W. Svenson ◽

Donald P. Schopflocher

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

General Population ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Age At Death ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Statistics Canada ◽

Using Data

ABSTRACTBackground: This study examined mortality due to multiple sclerosis (MS) in Canada, 1975-2009 to determine whether there has been a change in age at death relative to the general population and decrease in MS mortality rates. Methods: Mortality rates/100,000 population for MS and all causes were calculated using data derived from Statistics Canada, age-standardized to the 2006 population. Results: The average annual Canadian MS mortality rate, 1975-2009 was 1.23/100,000. Five-year rates for 1975-79, 1980-84, 1985-89, 1990-94, 1995-99, 2000-04, 2005-09 were: 1.16, 0.94, 1.01, 1.16, 1.30, 1.43, 1.33. Trend analysis showed mortality rates over the entire 35 years were stable (average annual percent change of less than one percent). The average annual 1975-2009 rates for females and males were 1.45 and 0.99. Five-year female rates were always higher than males. Regardless of gender, there was a decrease in MS mortality rates in the 0-39 age group and increases in the 60-69, 70-79, and 80+ groups over time. In contrast, there were decreases in all-cause mortality rates across each age group. The highest MS mortality rates for 1975-2009 were consistently in the 50-59 and 60-69 groups for both genders, while the highest all-cause mortality rates were in the 80+ group. Conclusions: Changes in the age distribution of MS mortality rates indicate a shift to later age at death, possibly due to improved health care. However MS patients remain disadvantaged relative to the general population and changes in age at death are not reflected in decreased mortality rates.

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Excess mortality among the elderly in 12 European countries, February and March 2012

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.17.14.20138-en ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Mazick ◽

B Gergonne ◽

J Nielsen ◽

F Wuillaume ◽

M J Virtanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Data ◽

Influenza A ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

The Elderly ◽

European Countries ◽

H3n2 Virus ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Cold Snap ◽

The Impact ◽

Excess Deaths

In February and March 2012, excess deaths among the elderly have been observed in 12 European countries that carry out weekly monitoring of all-cause mortality. These preliminary data indicate that the impact of influenza in Europe differs from the recent pandemic and post-pandemic seasons. The current excess mortality among the elderly may be related to the return of influenza A(H3N2) virus, potentially with added effects of a cold snap.

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High excess mortality during the COVID-19 outbreak in Stockholm Region areas with young and socially vulnerable populations

10.1101/2020.07.07.20147983 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga ◽

Davide L Vetrano ◽

Debora Rizzuto ◽

Tom Bellander ◽

Laura Fratiglioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Gainful Employment ◽

Viral Spread ◽

The Individual

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to describe the distribution of excess mortality (EM) during the first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in the Stockholm Region, Sweden, according to individual age and sex, and the sociodemographic contextMethodsWeekly all-cause mortality data were obtained from Statistics Sweden for the period 01/01/2015 to 17/05/2020. EM during the first 20 weeks of 2020 was estimated by comparing observed mortality rates with expected mortality rates during the five previous years (N=2,379,792). EM variation by socioeconomic status (tertiles of income, education, Swedish-born, gainful employment) and age distribution (share of 70+ year-old persons) was explored based on Demographic Statistics Area (DeSO) data.FindingsAn EM was first detected during the week of March 23-29 2020. During the peaking week of the epidemic (6-12 April 2020), an EM of 160% was observed: 211% in 80+ year-old women; 179% in 80+ year-old men. During the same week, the highest EM was observed for DeSOs with lowest income (171%), lowest education (162%), lowest share of Swedish-born (178%), and lowest share of gainfully employed (174%). There was a 1.2 to 1.7-fold increase in EM between those areas with a higher vs. lower proportion of young people.InterpretationLiving in areas with lower socioeconomic status and younger populations is linked to COVID-19 EM. These conditions might have facilitated the viral spread. Our findings add to the well-known biological vulnerability linked to increasing age, the relevance of the sociodemographic context when estimating the individual risk to COVID-19.FundingNone.

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Excess all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe – preliminary pooled estimates from the EuroMOMO network, March to April 2020

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.26.2001214 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (26) ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Lasse S Vestergaard ◽

Jens Nielsen ◽

Lukas Richter ◽

Daniela Schmid ◽

Natalia Bustos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

European Countries ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Federal States ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Health Action ◽

Excess Deaths

A remarkable excess mortality has coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. We present preliminary pooled estimates of all-cause mortality for 24 European countries/federal states participating in the European monitoring of excess mortality for public health action (EuroMOMO) network, for the period March–April 2020. Excess mortality particularly affected ≥ 65 year olds (91% of all excess deaths), but also 45–64 (8%) and 15–44 year olds (1%). No excess mortality was observed in 0–14 year olds.

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