scholarly journals The Relationship between Gestational Diabetes Metabolic Control and Fetal Autonomic Regulation, Movement and Birth Weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3378
Author(s):  
Janine Zöllkau ◽  
Laura Swiderski ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Friederike Weschenfelder ◽  
Tanja Groten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Autonomic Control ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Relationship

(1) Background: Maternal metabolic control in gestational diabetes is suggested to influence fetal autonomic control and movement activity, which may have fetal outcome implications. We aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal metabolic control, fetal autonomic heart rate regulation, activity and birth weight. (2) Methods: Prospective noninterventional longitudinal cohort monitoring study accompanying 19 patients with specialist clinical care for gestational diabetes. Monthly fetal magnetocardiography with electro-physiologically-based beat-to-beat heart rate recording for analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and the ‘fetal movement index’ (FMI) was performed. Data were compared to 167 healthy pregnant women retrieved from our pre-existing study database. (3) Results: Fetal vagal tone was increased with gestational diabetes compared to controls, whereas sympathetic tone and FMI did not differ. Within the diabetic population, sympathetic activation was associated with higher maternal blood-glucose levels. Maternal blood-glucose levels correlated positively with birth weight z scores. FMI showed no correlation with birth weight but attenuated the positive correlation between maternal blood-glucose levels and birth weight. (4) Conclusion: Fetal autonomic control is altered by gestational diabetes and maternal blood-glucose level, even if metabolic adjustment and outcome is comparable to healthy controls.

scholarly journals The influence of maternal glycaemia and dietary glycaemic index on pregnancy outcome in healthy mothers

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara A. McGowan ◽  
Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Infant Birth

Infant birth weight has increased in Ireland in recent years along with levels of childhood overweight and obesity. The present article reviews the current literature on maternal glycaemia and the role of the dietary glycaemic index (GI) and its impact on pregnancy outcomes. It is known that maternal weight and weight gain significantly influence infant birth weight. Fetal macrosomia (birth weight >4000 g) is associated with an increased risk of perinatal trauma to both mother and infant. Furthermore, macrosomic infants have greater risk of being obese in childhood, adolescence and adulthood compared to normal-sized infants. There is evidence that there is a direct relationship between maternal blood glucose levels during pregnancy and fetal growth and size at birth, even when maternal blood glucose levels are within their normal range. Thus, maintaining blood glucose concentrations within normal parameters during pregnancy may reduce the incidence of fetal macrosomia. Maternal diet, and particularly its carbohydrate (CHO) type and content, influences maternal blood glucose concentrations. However, different CHO foods produce different glycaemic responses. The GI was conceived by Jenkins in 1981 as a method for assessing the glycaemic responses of different CHO. Data from clinical studies in healthy pregnant women have documented that consuming a low-GI diet during pregnancy reduces peaks in postprandial glucose levels and normalises infant birth weight. Pregnancy is a physiological condition where the GI may be of particular relevance as glucose is the primary fuel for fetal growth.

scholarly journals Seasonality of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal blood glucose levels

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (41) ◽  
pp. e22684
Author(s):  
Panchalli Wang ◽  
Chung-Shing Wu ◽  
Chung-Yi Li ◽  
Chun-Pai Yang ◽  
Mei-Chun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

scholarly journals A Study of Birth Weight and Cord Blood Glucose Levels of Neonates in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (33) ◽  
pp. 1662-1666
Author(s):  
Usha Thachappilly ◽  
Vijayalakshmy R. S ◽  
Sreedevi N. S ◽  
Vijayalakshmy Moorkkattukara Thekkoot ◽  
Shajee Sivasankaran Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Cord Blood Glucose

scholarly journals Self-Care IoT Platform for Diabetic Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2006
Author(s):  
Jai-Chang Park ◽  
Seongbeom Kim ◽  
Je-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Iot Platform ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Glucose Management ◽  
The Relationship

Diabetes mellitus is a severe chronic disease, and the number of patients has increased. To manage blood glucose levels, patients should frequently measure their blood glucose and analyze which lifestyle habits affect blood glucose levels. However, it is hard to record and analyze the relationship between their blood glucose levels and lifestyle. The internet of things (IoT) is useful to interconnect, monitor, obtain, and process data between various devices used in everyday life to fulfill a common objective. This paper proposes an intelligent self-care platform using IoT technology that helps patients with chronic diabetes manage their blood glucose levels in their target range. In particular, we developed various devices called the self-care IoT pack. It consists of five different types of devices to obtain blood glucose levels, physical activities, food intake, medication, sleeping, and so on. They can collect blood glucose levels with lifestyles that automatically impact the patient’s blood glucose level. We also devised a self-care application to display and analyze the data obtained from the IoT pack. Consequently, the proposed self-care IoT platform collects the blood glucose levels and the lifestyles without any burden of record. By reviewing the accumulated information, the patients can find bad habits in blood glucose management and improve their lifestyle.

Searching for Utopia, the Challenge of Standardized Medical Nutrition Therapy Prescription in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Meloncelli ◽  
Shelley A. Wilkinson ◽  
Susan de Jersey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Medical Nutrition

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy disorder and the incidence is increasing worldwide. GDM is associated with adverse maternal outcomes which may be reduced with proper management. Lifestyle modification in the form of medical nutrition therapy and physical activity, as well as self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, is the cornerstone of GDM management. Inevitably, the search for the “ultimate” diet prescription has been ongoing. Identifying the amount and type of carbohydrate to maintain blood glucose levels below targets while balancing the nutritional requirements of pregnancy and achieving gestational weight gain within recommendations is challenging. Recent developments in the area of the gut microbiota and its impact on glycemic response add another layer of complexity to the success of medical nutrition therapy. This review critically explores the challenges to dietary prescription for GDM and why utopia may never be found.

PSIII-2 Effect of Piglet Characteristics on Blood Glucose Levels at Birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
Rafael Ovidio Bautista Rivas ◽  
Naomi C Willard ◽  
Katherine D Vande Pol ◽  
Jenny R Morris ◽  
Alicia Olivo Espinal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract Blood glucose levels in piglets at birth are potentially associated with survival, however, there has been limited research to quantify these and to establish any associations with piglet characteristics. This study, which evaluated the effects of a number of piglet characteristics on blood glucose levels at birth, was conducted as a cross-sectional survey involving 32 litters. Litter was the experimental unit; piglet was a sub-sample of litter. At birth, piglets were weighed and assigned a vitality score [1 = high vitality; 2 = low vitality (limited mobility and/or respiration)]. Piglets were then dried with a cellulose-based desiccant, and blood samples were collected from half of the piglets in each litter with a vitality score of 1 (n = 226) and all piglets with a vitality score of 2 (n = 7). Samples (1.2 μL) were collected from the vena subcutanea abdominis; blood glucose was measured using a glucometer (Accuchek Aviva; Roche Diabetes Care, Inc., Indianapolis, IN). Effects of piglet characteristics and relationships with blood glucose levels were analyzed using PROC MIXED, PROC GLIMMIX, and PROC REG of SAS, as appropriate. There were no effects (P > 0.05) of piglet birth weight or gender on blood glucose levels. Piglets with a vitality score of 2 had higher (P < 0.05) blood glucose levels than those with a score of 1. Blood glucose levels increased linearly (P < 0.05) with birth order (0.8 mg/dL for each piglet increase). In conclusion, blood glucose levels at birth were higher for piglets with low compared to high vitality and for those born later in the birth order. Further research is needed to establish relationships between blood glucose levels in piglets at birth and subsequent survival.

Investigating the Efficacy of Using Hand Tremors for Early Detection of Hypoglycemic Events: A Scoping Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1211-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Zahed ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar ◽  
Ranjana Mehta ◽  
Madhav Erraguntla ◽  
Mark Lawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Hand Tremor ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitors ◽  
The Relationship

Diabetes is a prevalent condition affecting millions of patients globally. Some diabetic patients suffer from a deadly condition called Hypoglycemia (sudden drop in blood glucose levels). Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) have been the most pervasive tool used to track blood glucose levels but these tools are invasive and costly. While early detection of hypoglycemia has been studied, current approaches do not leverage tremors; which are a primary symptom of hypoglycemia. A scoping review was conducted to understand the relationship between tremors and hypoglycemia, and to document any efforts that utilized tremor signatures non-invasively to detect hypoglycemic events. Findings suggest that hypoglycemic tremors are a medium frequency tremor, more resistant to hypoglycemic impairment than other symptoms, and have not been fully explored yet. This paper also documents the work in progress to utilize a novel wearable device that predicts the onsets of hypoglycemia using hand tremor sensing.

scholarly journals Glucose levels during gestational diabetes pregnancy and the risk of developing postpartum diabetes or prediabetes

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadakarn Phaloprakarn ◽  
Siriwan Tangjitgamol
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Blood glucose levels during pregnancy may reflect the severity of insulin secretory defects and/or insulin resistance during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy. We hypothesized that suboptimal glycemic control in women with GDM could increase the risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of plasma glucose levels throughout GDM pregnancy on the risk of postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. Methods The medical records of 706 women with GDM who underwent a postpartum 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at our institution between January 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed. These women were classified into 2 groups according to glycemic control during pregnancy: ≤ 1 occasion of either fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL or 2-hour postprandial glucose ≥ 120 mg/dL was defined as optimal glycemic control or else was classified as suboptimal glycemic control. Rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were compared between women with optimal (n = 505) and suboptimal (n = 201) glycemic control. Results The rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were significantly higher in the suboptimal glycemic control group than in the optimal glycemic control group: 22.4% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.001 for T2DM and 45.3% vs. 23.5%, P < 0.001 for prediabetes. In a multivariate analysis, suboptimal glucose control during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for developing either postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. The adjusted odds ratios were 8.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.5–20.3) for T2DM and 3.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.5–6.1) for prediabetes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that blood glucose levels during GDM pregnancy have an impact on the risk of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes.

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