scholarly journals Executive Function and Sensory Processing in Dichotic Listening of Young Adults with Listening Difficulties

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4255
Author(s):  
Aline Tocchini Pascoinelli ◽  
Eliane Schochat ◽  
Cristina Ferraz Borges Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
Attention Demands ◽  
Main Factor

Previous studies have suggested that varying attention demands in dichotic listening (DL) tasks might be a clinically feasible method to distinguish ‘bottom-up’ from ‘top-down’ deficits in listening. This study aims to investigate DL processing in adults with listening difficulties (LD). We assessed the performance of a listening difficulties group (LDG) (n = 24, mean age = 24, backward digit span = 4.0) and a control group (CG) (n = 25, mean age = 29.2, backward digit span = 6.4) in DL tests involving non-forced and both right and left-forced attention. The results indicated an overall significantly worse performance of LDG compared to the CG, which was greater for forced-left condition. This same result was observed when controlling for working memory (WM) variance. Both groups presented an overall right ear advantage with no difference in terms of the magnitude of advantage. These results indicate that LD presented by the LDG might be due to a combination of sensory and cognitive deficits, with emphasis on the cognitive component. However, the WM, although impaired in the LDG group, was not the main factor in segregating both groups. The role of the additional cognitive processes such as inhibitory control in LD is discussed.

Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Show Decreased Cognitive Control: Evidence from Dichotic Listening

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grethe E. Johnsen ◽  
Pushpa Kanagaratnam ◽  
Arve E. Asbjørnsen
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Ear Advantage ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
Ptsd Group

AbstractThe influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on cognitive control and auditory attention modulation was examined with the use of a dichotic-listening (DL) task. The participants were 45 war-exposed refugees. The PTSD group comprised 22 participants meeting the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, and the Control group comprised 23 war-exposed participants without PTSD. Both groups were tested with a consonant–vowel syllables DL task under three different attentional instructions. The two groups did not differ in the non-forced and forced-right conditions and showed, as expected, right-ear advantages. The Control group showed, as expected, a left-ear advantage in the forced-left (FL) condition. However, the PTSD group continued to show a right-ear advantage - and only minor modulation of the performance during the FL condition. This finding suggests that PTSD is associated with a reduced capacity for top-down attentional control of a bottom-up or stimulus-driven effect. The result shows that participants with PTSD have impaired cognitive control functions when tested on information processing of neutral stimuli. (JINS, 2011, 17, 344–353)

scholarly journals The relationship between deficit in digit span and genotype in nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (13) ◽  
pp. e1215-e1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathula Thangarajh ◽  
Gary L. Elfring ◽  
Panayiota Trifillis ◽  
Joseph McIntosh ◽  
Stuart W. Peltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Nonsense Mutation ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Alternative Promoters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between deficit in digit span and genotype in nonsense mutation (nm) Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (nmDMD).MethodsWe investigated the relationship between normalized digit-span forward (d-sf) and digit-span backward (d-sb) scores to the location of nmDMD mutations in 169 participants ≥5 to ≤20 years who participated in a phase 2b clinical trial. Because alternative promoters are found upstream of DMD exons 30, 45, and 63, we correlated d-sf and d-sb to the specific nmDMD mutation location.ResultsParticipants with nm downstream of exon 30, downstream of exon 45, and downstream of exon 63 had significantly lower normalized d-sf scores (p < 0.0001). Participants with nm downstream of exon 45 in addition had significantly lower normalized d-sb score (p < 0.04). There was no significant difference in the normalized d-sb score in participants with mutations upstream or downstream of DMD exon 30 or upstream or downstream of DMD exon 63.ConclusionOur data provide evidence that specific cognitive deficits correlate to genotype in individuals with nmDMD, highlighting the critical role of brain-specific dystrophin isoforms in the neurobiological manifestations of this disease.Clinicaltrials.gov identifierNCT02090959.

scholarly journals Dichotic listening processing in patients with multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Habibi ◽  
Saeid Farahani ◽  
Nematollah Rouhbakhsh ◽  
Farzaneh Zamiri Abdollahi ◽  
Shohreh Jalaie
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Right Ear Advantage

Background and Aim: Dichotic listening dis­orders occur secondary to interhemispheric tran­sfer dysfunction. Central processing tests such as staggered spondaic words (SSW) and dich­otic digits test (DDT) are recommended for the evaluation of dichotic listening in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study aim­ed to evaluate dichotic listening in subjects with MS by SSW and DDT. Methods: This cross-sectional study was con­ducted on 45 patients with MS, including 20 males (mean ± SD age: 35.95 ± 5.73 y) and 25 females (mean ± SD age: 37.40 ± 6.1 y) and their data were collected by the Persian version of SSW (P-SSW) and DDT. The results com­pared to 45 normal subjects age- and gender-matched as the control group. Results: In patients with MS, P-SSW quanti­tative and qualitative errors (except for Sm2 and reversals), errors were significantly more than the control group (p ≤ 0.001). Right and left ear scores in DDT for the patients with MS were significantly lower, and right ear advantage was significantly higher than that in the control group (p ≤ 0.001). The results also showed a significant correlation between the test of P-SSW and DDT in the left ear. Conclusion: The present study showed that patients with MS hav * Corresponding author: Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Piche-Shemiran, Enghelab Ave., Tehran, 1148965141, Iran. Tel: 009821-77530636, E-mail: [email protected] e lower performance in dichotic listening and binaural processing than normal peers. Identification of binaural proce­ssing deficit in patients with MS may lead to early rehabilitation and improving their function by facilitating auditory processing.  

scholarly journals Lateralization of Auditory Processing of Silbo Gomero

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Pamela Villar González ◽  
Onur Güntürkün ◽  
Sebastian Ocklenburg
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Lateralization ◽  
Ear Advantage ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
The Right

Left-hemispheric language dominance is a well-known characteristic of the human language system. However, it has been shown that leftward language lateralization decreases dramatically when people communicate using whistles. Whistled languages present a transformation of a spoken language into whistles, facilitating communication over great distances. In order to investigate the laterality of Silbo Gomero, a form of whistled Spanish, we used a vocal and a whistled dichotic listening task in a sample of 75 healthy Spanish speakers. Both individuals that were able to whistle and to understand Silbo Gomero and a non-whistling control group showed a clear right-ear advantage for vocal dichotic listening. For whistled dichotic listening, the control group did not show any hemispheric asymmetries. In contrast, the whistlers’ group showed a right-ear advantage for whistled stimuli. This right-ear advantage was, however, smaller compared to the right-ear advantage found for vocal dichotic listening. In line with a previous study on language lateralization of whistled Turkish, these findings suggest that whistled language processing is associated with a decrease in left and a relative increase in right hemispheric processing. This shows that bihemispheric processing of whistled language stimuli occurs independent of language.

The Role of Effective Mass and Hand Speed in the Performance of Kung Fu Athletes Compared with Nonpractitioners

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar Pinto Neto ◽  
Marcio Magini ◽  
Marcelo M. F. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Effective Mass ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impact Measurement ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Kung Fu ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Main Factor

The main goal of this article is to quantify the contribution of effective mass (me) and hand-speed (shi) on the palm strike performance of kung fu athletes (kung fu group) compared with nonpractitioners (control group). All subjects were asked to strike a basketball. Hand and ball speed (sbf) were determined by high-speed video analysis. The value for me was determined by an equation that does not depend upon post-impact measurement of the hand speed. The results show that kung fu athletes had greater shi (6.67 [SD 1.42] m/s), p = 0.042), higher me (2.62 [SD 0.33] kg, p = 0.004), and greater sbf (9.00 [SD 1.89] m/s), p = 0.004) than the nonpractitioners (5.04 [SD 0.57] m/s, 1.33 [SD 0.19] kg, and 5.72 [SD 0.44] m/s, respectively). Comparing the average values obtained for me and hand and forearm mass (m), it was found that for the control group me is statistically equal to m (p = 0.917), whereas for the kung fu group me is significant greater than m (p = 0.003). It is suggested that for impacts against heavier objects, the effective mass would be the main factor to distinguish a martial artstrained from an untrained subject.

Interaural Asymmetries Revealed by Dichotic Listening Tests in Normal and Dyslexic Children

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 428-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah W. Moncrieff ◽  
Frank E. Musiek
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Control Group ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Listening Tests ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Simple Difference

Normal and dyslexic right-handed children were assessed with three dichotic listening tests, the Dichotic Digits test, the Competing Words subtest of the SCAN, and the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel test. Performance was measured as both number and percentage of correct responses in the right and left ears. Laterality was defined as a simple difference in percentage between the two ears. Differences across the tests were revealed for all children, with the greatest differences occurring for left-ear responses. Only one dichotic listening test, Competing Words from the SCAN, produced a consistent right-ear advantage across all of the children tested. Between groups of children, differences in performance and in laterality were demonstrated. Using a criterion of poorer than 76 percent correct for the left ear, the Competing Words subtest of the SCAN identified 7 of the 10 dyslexic children as abnormal, with no false alarms in the control group.

scholarly journals Hemispheric specialization in partial epilepsy role of dichotic listening cv task and central audiological evaluation in the neuropsychological assessment

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Muszkat ◽  
Neyde Santacchi de Vincenzo ◽  
Denilce Oliveira Reami ◽  
Clemente I. Ribeiro de Almeida ◽  
Maria I. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Dichotic Listening Task ◽  
Auditory Dysfunction ◽  
Listening Task

We studied 49 patients with partial epilepsy divided into lesional cases (i.e. with lesions on CT scan) and non-lesional cases (i.e. without CT scan lesions), in relation to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale subtests (Coding, Digit span), dichotic listening CV task and Central Auditory Test (SSI, PSI). The aim of this paper was to study the hemispheric prevalence in dichotic listening task with regard to cognitive perforamance, as well as the presence or absence of central auditory dysfunction. Lesional cases presented a hemisphere prevalence in dichotic listening task with regard to cognitive performance, as well as the non-lesional cases tend to report the stimuli in the same side of EEC focus. Significant differences were found among the lesional and non lesional cases in relation to the digit span score and Coding subtest in right lesional cases versus right non-lesional cases. Both lesional and non-lesional group showed signs of central auditory dysfunction. We suggest that the dichotic listening and SSI and PSI test can be useful for a best comprehension of asymmetric neuropsychological performance in partial epilepsy.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

Role of Transcriptional Read-Through in PRE Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Elizar’ev ◽  
D. V. Lomaev ◽  
D. A. Chetverina ◽  
P. G. Georgiev ◽  
M. M. Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transcription Terminator ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Polycomb Response Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Main Factor

Maintenance of the individual patterns of gene expression in different cell types is required for the differentiation and development of multicellular organisms. Expression of many genes is controlled by Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins that act through association with chromatin. PcG/TrxG are assembled on the DNA sequences termed PREs (Polycomb Response Elements), the activity of which can be modulated and switched from repression to activation. In this study, we analyzed the influence of transcriptional read-through on PRE activity switch mediated by the yeast activator GAL4. We show that a transcription terminator inserted between the promoter and PRE doesnt prevent switching of PRE activity from repression to activation. We demonstrate that, independently of PRE orientation, high levels of transcription fail to dislodge PcG/TrxG proteins from PRE in the absence of a terminator. Thus, transcription is not the main factor required for PRE activity switch.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document