scholarly journals Anti-Stress and Anti-Depressive Effects of Spinach Extracts on a Chronic Stress-Induced Depression Mouse Model through Lowering Blood Corticosterone and Increasing Brain Glutamate and Glutamine Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonwi Son ◽  
Soonwoong Jung ◽  
Jung Shin ◽  
Min Kang ◽  
Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Free Amino ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Spinach is one of the most widely consumed vegetables, and is known as for both physical and mental health maintenance. However, there is little information about how spinach protects one from stress. In the present study, we created three extracts from Spinach oleracea L., (frozen powder (FP), water extract (WE), and ethanol extract (EE)), and examined their anti-stress and anti-depressive effects on mouse using a chronic immobilization stress (CIS) regimen. FP, WE, and EE showed different free amino acid constituents. Calorie-balanced diets derived from each extract were tested for their ability to reduce blood corticosterone (CORT) levels in naïve mice. Diets supplemented with FP or EE induced lower blood CORT levels than a normal diet, but the WE diet did not. Mobility duration and sucrose preference were increased by FP and EE supplementation in the CIS-induced depression animal models. Moreover, FP and EE increased glutamate and glutamine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) compared with CIS-induced depressed group. These results suggest that spinach has anti-stress and anti-depressive properties by lowering CORT and increasing glutamate and glutamine levels in the mPFC.

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.

“EXHORTATION OF PERIODS”

IJOHMN ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
BHUMIKA SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Natural Manner ◽  
Sanitary Products ◽  
Bodily Function ◽  
Intimate Relations

Portray me real, My colour is red, I cannot be blue. Accept me natural, I may be painful but that is not the case always. Welcome me as positive. I need not be suppressed or controlled by hormonal drugs. Appreciate me as sign of sound health. I get rattled by intake of drugs unnecessarily, Desire me as your normal bodily function. I am not a horror to make you struggle, Be Contend with me in my natural manner. Don’t over think to delay or stop me. I have been borne gracefully for ages without modern sanitary products. Learn to cherish my onset in today’s world of comfortable living. Don’t intrude into usual cycle of your body. My vitality does not hinder your routine life. I don’t act as an obstacle in normal diet, activities, intimate relations and all. I expect a time, though not very soon, with no taboos around me. I too want to be a participant in religious ceremonies and rituals, without any myths. Try to Spread a word of knowledge about me to common masses, irrespective of the gender/ I am at present a cause of concern across the globe for a class of society, with poor economic means and awareness. I regenerate your physical and mental health. I just want each one sound and healthy.   Celebrate menstruation, celebrate sound health. Allow others to feel positive about their bodily mechanism. Stop treating those who menstruate as Untouchables. No more restrictions and shame, just respect and acceptance. Portray me ‘red’. My colour is red, I cannot be blue.

Compounds from Ilex paraguariensis extracts have antioxidant effects in the brains of rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1172-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Colpo ◽  
Maria Eduarda de Lima ◽  
Marisol Maya-López ◽  
Hemerson Rosa ◽  
Cristina Márquez-Curiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Species Formation ◽  
Lipid And Protein Oxidation ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Immobilization induces oxidative damage to the brain. Ilex paraguariensis extracts (Mate) and their major natural compound, chlorogenic acid (CGA), exert protective effects against reactive oxygen species formation. Here, the effects of Mate and CGA on oxidative damage induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS) in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were investigated. For CIS, animals were immobilized for 6 h every day for 21 consecutive days. Rats received Mate or CGA by intragastric gavage 30 min before every restraint session. Endpoints of oxidative stress (levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione) were evaluated following CIS. While CIS increased oxidized lipid and carbonyl levels in all brain regions, CGA (and Mate to a lesser extent) attenuated lipid and protein oxidation as compared with control groups. GSH/GSSG balance showed a tendency to increase in all regions in response to stress and antioxidants. Taken together, our results support a protective role of dietary antioxidants against the neuronal consequences of stress.

scholarly journals Improvement of Obesity and Dyslipidemic Activity of Amomum tsao-ko in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Ju-Hyoung Park ◽  
Eun-Kyung Ahn ◽  
Min Hee Hwang ◽  
Young Jin Park ◽  
Young-Rak Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire (Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal herb found in Southeast Asia that is used for the treatment of malaria, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract of Amomum tsao-ko (EAT) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD). First, the mice were divided into five groups (n = 6/group) as follows: normal diet, HCD, and HCD+EAT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day), which were orally administered with EAT daily for 84 days. Using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, we found that EAT inhibited not only body-weight gain, but also visceral fat and subcutaneous fat accumulation. Histological analysis confirmed that EAT decreased the size of fat tissues. EAT consistently improved various indices, including plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factors, which are related to dyslipidemia—a major risk factor for heart disease. The contents of TC and TG, as well as the lipid droplets of HCD-induced hepatic accumulation in the liver tissue, were suppressed by EAT. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility of developing EAT as a therapeutic agent for improving HCD-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Identification of Organic Compounds from Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (Zhiheshouwu) by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3977
Author(s):  
Shaoyun Wang ◽  
Xiaozhu Sun ◽  
Shuo An ◽  
Fang Sang ◽  
Yunli Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Polygonum Multiflorum ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP), as the processed product of tuberous roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines, with a long history. However, in recent years, liver adverse reactions linked to PMRP have been frequently reported. Our work attempted to investigate the chemical constituents of PMRP for clinical research and safe medication. In this study, an effective and rapid method was established to separate and characterize the constituents in PMRP by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS). Based on the accurate mass measurements for molecular and characteristic fragment ions, a total of 103 compounds, including 24 anthraquinones, 21 stilbenes, 15 phenolic acids, 14 flavones, and 29 other compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. Forty-eight compounds were tentatively characterized from PMRP for the first time, and their fragmentation behaviors were summarized. There were 101 components in PMRP ethanol extract (PMRPE) and 91 components in PMRP water extract (PMRPW). Simultaneously, the peak areas of several potential xenobiotic components were compared in the detection, which showed that PMRPE has a higher content of anthraquinones and stilbenes. The obtained results can be used in pharmacological and toxicological research and provided useful information for further in vitro and in vivo studies.

Neurogenesis inhibition in the dorsal vagal complex by chronic immobilization stress in the adult rat

Neuroscience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chigr ◽  
F. Rachidi ◽  
S. Segura ◽  
S. Mahaut ◽  
C. Tardivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Dorsal Vagal Complex ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

scholarly journals Pengaruh Teknik dan Pelarut Ekstraksi Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Empat Jenis Ekstrak Daun Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 014-019
Author(s):  
Ari Sri Windyaswari ◽  
Yenni Karlina ◽  
Amalia` Junita
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Radical Method ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Infusion Method

Tanaman rosella merupakan tanaman asli dari benua Asia (India hingga Malaysia) dan benua Afrika. Kultivasi bagian bunga, daun, dan biji dari tanaman rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) telah lama digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan makanan dan pengobatan empiris. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan tanaman rosella memiliki aktivitas farmakologi sebagai antikanker, antibakteri dan antioksidan. Telah dilaporkan bahwa bagian daun dan akar rosella dilaporkan mengandung senyawa fenolik terbanyak dibandingkan dengan bagian lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik dan pelarut ekstraksi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dari empat jenis ekstrak daun rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Teknik ekstraksi yang dilakukan adalah maserasi, infus dan refluk menggunakan pelarut air dan pelarut etanol. Aktivitas peredaman radikal bebas DPPH teridentifikasi pada pola kromatogram lapis tipis dengan penampak bercak DPPH 0,2% dari seluruh ekstrak daun rosella. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH dilakukan terhadap seluruh ekstrak daun rosella, yaitu ekstrak air teknik maserasi (AM), ekstrak air teknik infus (AI), ekstrak etanol teknik maserasi (EM), serta ekstrak etanol teknik refluk (ER). Nilai IC50 ekstrak AM, AI, EM dan ER berturut-turut adalah: 0,00056 ppm (sangat kuat); 0,00057 (sangat kuat); 0,00044 ppm (sangat kuat); 0,00092 ppm (sangat kuat). Metode penyarian metabolit sekunder optimal untuk aktivitas antioksidan pada daun rosella adalah teknik ekstraksi maserasi dengan pelarut etanol (ER).   Rosella is one of a native plant from Asia (India to Malaysia) and Africa. The Flowers, leaves, and seeds cultivated from rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) have been used in folk medicine as food and empirical treatment.  The previous study reported the pharmacological activities of rosella as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant.  It has been reported that leaf and root of rosella found to have phenolic compounds as the major components. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of extraction technique and solvent on the anti-oxidant activity of four extracts of rosella leaves (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The extraction techniques include maceration, infusion and reflux with water and ethanol. Scavenging activities of DPPF free radical of all rosella leaves extracts were identified by thin layer chromatography, indicated by DPPH 0,2% reagent. The evaluation of antioxidant activity using scavenging DPPH free radical method was performed to all rosella leaves extract, including water extract by maceration method (AM), water extract by infusion method (AI), ethanol extract by maceration method (EM), ethanol extract by reflux method (ER).  The IC50 values of AM, AI, EM and ER were 0,00056 ppm (very strong); 0,00057 (very strong); 0,00044 ppm (very strong); 0,00092 ppm (very strong). The most optimum method to extract secondary metabolite with anti-oxidant properties was maceration with ethanol (ER).

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Air dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera LAM)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Rizkayanti Rizkayanti ◽  
Anang Wahid M. Diah ◽  
Minarni Rama Jura
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Antioxidant Potency ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa (moringa oleifera Lam) leaves contains many molecules as inhibitors for free radicals such as phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, quinones, coumarins, lignans, stilbenes, tannins), nitrogen compounds (alkaloids, amines, betalain), vitamins, terpenoids (including carotenoids), and several other endogenous metabolites as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant potency of water and ethanol extracts of moringa (moringa oleifera Lam) leave obtained by maceration and dekok. The concentration of free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer after addition of various concentrations of Moringa leaves extracts. Various concentrations of moringa leave extracts used were 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm and 80 ppm. Vitamin C solutions as the positive control were prepared on similar various concentrations. The negative control was prepared using DPPH solutions dissolved in absolute ethanol. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of moringa leaves prepared by maceration method showed the antioxidant potency with an IC50 value of 22.1818 ppm, but the IC50 value of water extract of moringa leaves prepared by dekok was 57.5439 ppm. While, the IC50 value of Vitamin C was 8.8084 ppm. Based on the IC50 data it can be concluded that Vitamin C is a stronger antioxidant than moringa leaves extracts.

scholarly journals Chemical Compound of Terminalia Catappa L. as Hemostatic Agents in Post Tooth Extraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Sirat ◽  
Asep Arifin Senjaya
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Herbal Plants

Terminalia catappa L. is one of the herbal plants that contain flavonoids that play a role in wound healing including to bleeding after tooth extraction. The aim of our study was to identify the chemical compounds contained in Terminalia catappa L. leaves. This type of research was experimental. The sample in this study was the leaves of Terminalia catappa number 3-6 from the base, at a tree height of 6 meters picked as much as 6 kilograms. Data analysis qualitatively and quantitatively. The highest content in ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa L of saponins and alkaloids were fractioned with distilled water and the lowest content were fractioned with hexane. Meanwhile distilled water is also used to fractioned the highest content of tannins and phenol. While ethyl acetate was used to fractioned the lowest content of tannins and the highest content of flavonoid. The lowest flavonoid in distilled water extract was fractioned using hexane. For the lowest content of phenol was fractioned using hexane. The results show the highest content of saponins is 3,787.80 mg/100g, the lowest is 166.67 mg/100g. The highest content of Alkaloids is 1,798.57 mg/100g, and the lowest is 576.80 mg/100g. The highest content of tannins is 53,140.72 mg/100g, the lowest is 8,391,803 mg/100g. The highest content of flavonoids is 2,5964.14 mg/100g, the lowest flavonoid is 462.84 mg/100g. The highest content of phenol 29,968.05 mg/100g, the lowest is 225.46 mg/100g. The highest antioxidant activity with AAI (Antioxidant Activity Index) obtains value of 0.36. This shows the moderate antioxidant ability. Terminalia catappa L. contain saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The active compound of Terminalia catappa L will generally be produced optimally if a polar solvent is used.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document