scholarly journals Self-Efficacy of People with Chronic Conditions: A Qualitative Directed Content Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi Belil ◽  
Fatemeh Alhani ◽  
Abbas Ebadi ◽  
Anooshirvan Kazemnejad

Background: Given the increasing prevalence of chronic illnesses and their complications, supporting and empowering chronically ill patients seems crucial. Self-efficacy is considered as a predictor for empowerment. The purpose of this study to explore of different aspects of self-efficacy among persons with chronic physical conditions based on the Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM). Methods: this qualitative study is part of a larger study; sequential exploratory mixed-method for designing an instrument for the FCEM was conducted from May 2015 to March 2016 in two university hospitals. The sample was 22 participants, including chronically ill patients, family caregivers, and nurses. Data were collected through personal semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed concurrently with data collection through directed qualitative content analysis. Results: after determining the self-efficacy attributes in the family-center empowerment model, a category matrix was developed and the codes are placed in subcategories of the matrix. Most participants were female (58.0%), with a mean age of 49.50 years. The final analysis yielded a total of 247 units of analysis dispersed in eight subcategories belonging to four generic-categories. Conclusions: the findings of this study represent the dimensions of chronically-ill individuals’ self-efficacy that can be used to develop and implement programs for empowering chronic ill patients.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Κυριακή Κουλλαπή ◽  
Όλγα Λύρα

ΠερίληψηΤο παρόν άρθρο εξετάζει τη συσχέτιση της αυτοαποτελεσματικότητας και της συλλογικής αποτελεσματικότητας των εκπαιδευτικών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης στην Κύπρο, όταν καλούνται να διδάξουν σε τάξεις συνεκπαίδευσης, στις οποίες συμπεριλαμβάνονται μαθητές που έχουν διαγνωστεί με κάποια διαταραχή στο φάσμα του αυτισμού (ΔΑΦ). Πιο συγκεκριμένα, διερευνώνται οι παράγοντες που δύνανται να επιδράσουν στα επίπεδα της αυτοαποτελεσματικότητας και της συλλογικής αποτελεσματικότητας των δασκάλων μέσα από την οπτική γωνία των ίδιων, τόσο γενικά, όσο και σε περίπτωση που διδάσκουν μαθητές με ΔΑΦ, καθώς επίσης και ο τρόπος που οι δύο αυτές μορφές αποτελεσματικότητας σχετίζονται. Στόχος είναι η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που επιδρούν στη στάση των εκπαιδευτικών όσον αφορά το θεσμό της συνεκπαίδευσης. Στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας έρευνας πραγματοποιήθηκαν ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις με 13 δασκάλους και τα δεδομένα αναλύθηκαν με βάση την ποιοτική μεθόδο της θεματικής ανάλυσης περιεχομένου (content analysis). Η ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων προσέφερε μια επαλήθευση του θεωρητικού σχήματος των Tschannen - Moran and Hoy (2001), το οποίο βασίζεται στη θεωρία της αυτοαποτελεσματικότητας του Bandura (1977), και καταλήγει στο συμπέρασμα ότι η ενεργός συμμετοχή των μαθητών κατά τη διαδικασία της μάθησης, η δυνατότητα διαχείρισης της τάξης, και οι εκπαιδευτικές στρατηγικές που επιλέγει να χρησιμοποιήσει ο εκάστοτε εκπαιδευτικός είναι οι τρεις κατηγορίες, στις οποίες συνοψίζονται οι παράγοντες που επιδρούν στα επίπεδα της αυτοαποτελεσματικότητας του. Αναδεικνύεται, συνεπώς, η αναγκαιότητα μιας αγαστής συνεργασίας ανάμεσα σε όλους τους εμπλεκόμενους στην εφαρμογή των αρχών της συνεκπαίδευσης στα γενικά σχολεία, ούτως ώστε να επιτευχθεί η όσο το δυνατόν μεγαλύτερη μείωση των παραγόντων που επιδρούν αρνητικά στα επίπεδα αυτοαποτελεσματικότητας των δασκάλων της γενικής εκπαίδευσης. Η συμβολή της συγκεκριμένης έρευνας έγκειται στο γεγονός ότι η διερεύνηση των στοιχείων αυτών αφορά σε δασκάλους που καλούνται να διδάξουν σε μαθητές με ΔΑΦ μέσα σε τάξεις συνεκπαίδευσης, καθώς η συγκεκριμένη ομάδα μαθητών εντάσσεται τα τελευταία χρόνια στα γενικά σχολεία.AbstractThe current article examines the relationship between perceived self-efficacy and collective efficacy among primary school teachers in Cyprus, who teach in classes that include students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In particular, we examine the factors that affect teachers’ self-efficacy and collective efficacy through their own perspective, both in general as well as in the case of teaching students with ASD. In addition, we study the way that these two types of effectiveness are related, with the aim of investigating the factors that affect teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 teachers and the data were analysed via qualitative content analysis. The analysis of the results confirmed the theoretical scheme of Tschannen - Moran and Hoy (2001), based on Bandura's (1977) theory of self-efficacy. They concluded that student engagement during the lesson, classroom management and the instructional strategies that each teacher applies, are the three categories that summarize the factors that affect teachers’ perceptions of self-efficacy. Therefore, we underline the need for a genuine cooperation among all those involved in the application of the principles of inclusion in mainstream schools, so that the factors that negatively affect the levels of self-efficacy of general education teachers are reduced. The study draws timely implications concerning the practices of teachers who teach students with ASD in inclusive school settings, given that the presence of students with ASD in mainstream Cypriot schools has increased in recent years.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliasghar kheirkhah ◽  
Ehsan Movahed ◽  
Fereshte gheyabi ◽  
Fatemeh kave Farsani ◽  
Fatemeh Rigabadi

Abstract Background: Health providers and patients face many problems in preventing and controlling COVID-19 in the family and the health system.Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore experiences of health providers and patients in COVID‑19.Methods: directional qualitative content analysis was applied and 15 participants, including 10 patients with COVID-19 and 5 health providers. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by Lundman and Graneheim qualitative content analysis methods. The MAXQDA10 software was used to manage qualitative data analysis.Results: During the data analysis, "strengths", "weaknesses", "opportunities", and "threats" were defined in terms of categories. The " Benefits and Barriers " was determined as the main theme.Conclusion: Community members and policymakers should support and reinforce the positive experiences of patients and health providers and the health system and families need to be more prepared for the crisis.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Farhadi ◽  
Farahnaz Mohammadi ◽  
Mahshid Foroughan ◽  
Leila Sadeghmoghadam ◽  
Shima Nazari ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The concept of caring appraisal, which includes positive and negative aspects of care, has been considered as one of the key concepts in caregivers' studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the self-appraisal concept of caring from the viewpoint of family caregivers in the elderly with dementia in Iran.Methods This study was based on qualitative analysis. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. Twelve participants (family caregivers of elderly people with dementia) were interviewed between January and September 2016. They were selected from visitors to the Alzheimer's Association of Iran and Yadman Memorial Clinic (Tehran- Iran). The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The transcribed texts were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis recommended by Graneheim and Lundman (2004).Results The study explored two main categories include "perceived burden", "Losses and Threats," "satisfaction with care", "Personal growth", "caregiving gains", "philosophy of care" and 22 subcategories.Conclusion According to the results of this study, the family caregivers’ appraisal of their care not only does not have negative aspects but also covers a large number of positive aspects, in which the cultural and social conditions prevailing in the Iranian society play a significant role in the formation of these positive aspects.


2121 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Karimollahi ◽  
◽  
Zahra Tazakori ◽  
Roghiyeh Falahtabar ◽  
Mehdi Ajri-Khameslou ◽  
...  

Background: There are specific challenges regarding the perceptions of families of comatose patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Identifying these perceptions may attract the cooperation of families with nurses and provide better care for patients. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of families of comatose patients in ICUs. Methods: This was a qualitative content-analysis study. Seventeen families with comatose patients were recruited by the purposive sampling technique. The necessary data were generated by semi-structured interviews, continued until data saturation, and concurrently analyzed by an inductive content analysis method. Results: Four main categories were manifested, including shock and disbelief, the effort for adaptation, exhaustion, and burnout, as well as hope and support. Conclusion: The obtained results signified the importance of nurses’ awareness concerning the family members’ perceptions of their comatose patient status in ICUs. The relevant findings reflected the need for nurses to pay attention to the feelings and emotions of the families of these patients.


2021 ◽  
pp. 030802262098847
Author(s):  
Tawanda Machingura ◽  
Chris Lloyd ◽  
Karen Murphy ◽  
Sarah Goulder ◽  
David Shum ◽  
...  

Introduction Current non-pharmacological treatment options for people with schizophrenia are limited. There is, however, emerging evidence that sensory modulation can be beneficial for this population. This study aimed to gain insight into sensory modulation from the user’s and the treating staff’s perspectives. Method A qualitative content analysis design was used. Transcripts from occupational therapists ( n=11) and patients with schizophrenia ( n=13) derived from in-depth semi-structured interviews were analysed for themes using content analysis. Results Five themes emerged from this study: Service user education on the sensory approach is the key; A variety of tools should be tried; Sensory modulation provides a valued treatment option; There are challenges of managing perceived risk at an organisational level; and There is a shortage of accessible and effective training. Conclusion People with schizophrenia and treating staff had congruent perceptions regarding the use of sensory modulation as a treatment option. The findings suggest that sensory modulation can be a valued addition to treatment options for people with schizophrenia. We suggest further research on sensory modulation intervention effectiveness using quantitative methods so these results can be further explored.


Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xichenhui Qiu ◽  
Janet W SIT ◽  
Haixia Feng

Introduction: Among the estimated 22.5 million stroke survivors in China, 78% of them require home care. Previous research has indicated that culture can have a significant impact on caregivers’ perceptions of the caregiving role. There is a dearth of research on stroke caregivers’ perceptions within the Chinese culture. Objective: To explore how Chinese culture influences the perceptions of the caregiving role among stroke caregivers. Methods: In this qualitative descriptive study, 14 stroke caregivers were recruited from a 1800-bed regional hospital in China. Caregivers were on average 58 years old (range 46-74), 78% female, 50% spouse-caregivers and 50% children-caregivers. Caregivers spent on average 14 hours per day (range 5-24) providing care. All were 1st time caregivers who had provided stroke caregiving < 12 months. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was performed. Strategies to achieve trustworthiness include triangulation of the data in the analysis process, member checking and peer debriefing. Results: Three themes emerged from the interviews. (1) Caregiving is a natural expected part of life. All caregivers accepted caregiving for the sick family member as an expected part of life. This perception is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. (2) Caregiving is a culturally prescribed obligation. Spouse caregivers believe that it is their moral obligation to take care of their sick life partner. Female caregivers emphasized their position and role in the family to take up caregiving for sick relative. (3) Caregiving is an expression of reciprocal love within the immediate family. Tangible caregiving and support during adversity are viewed as expression of reciprocal love among family members. Particularly, the children-caregivers believed in the virtue of filial piety and perceived stroke caregiving as a means of repaying their parents. Conclusions: Our findings highlight an underlying acceptance and devotion of undertaking stroke caregiving within the Chinese culture. Researchers and clinicians that plan to develop an intervention to support Chinese stroke caregivers need to consider integrating these findings.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Elham Sepahvand ◽  
◽  
Hamidreza Khankeh ◽  
Mohammadali Hosseini ◽  
Behnam Akhbari ◽  
...  

Background: During traffic accidents, professional staff provide care to the patient at the scene of the accident and then transport the victim to the hospital by ambulance. But sometimes this transition is carried out by relatives and laypeople. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting people’s involvement and transmission of the victims of the traffic accident. Materials and Methods: This study was done with a qualitative content analysis method in 2018. The study participants were 16 people. In this study, a purposeful sampling method with maximum diversity was used. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data using guiding questions. To observe the research ethics, the researcher, after obtaining permission from the University Ethics Committee, conducted interviews (IR.USWR.REC.1395.399). Results: In total, 15 spinal cord injury victims and their relatives or laypeople and medical emergency technicians were interviewed. The class of wrong belief of delay was the main class in all interviews. Concepts such as past experiences, the pressure time, the lack of emergency time, cultural beliefs, and the tension explaining the wrong belief concept. Conclusion: Wrong belief of delay was a concept that was extracted from the present study. It is recommended that the scene of the accident be examined in-depth and how to create a spinal cord injury in the injured with a grounded theory approach.


2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Silveira Cardoso ◽  
Marta Regina Cezar-Vaz ◽  
Mara Regina Santos da Silva ◽  
Valdecir Zavarese da Costa

This study identified the purposes of the communication process in the group activities of the Family Health strategy from the perspective of nurses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and recorded with 60 nurses and non-participant observation with 19 group activities, analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Five categories emerged: Health education, Clinical follow-up, Co-responsibilization of patients, Team-Community Interaction, and Work Organization. These categories revealed that the establishment of reciprocal interactions among professionals, patients and families favor health promotion because it encourages the exchange of knowledge among the participants concerning their health experiences.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faribah Sepahvand ◽  
Foorozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh ◽  
Soroor Parvizy ◽  
Mansoureh Zagheri Tafreshi

Objective: Nurses’ organizational commitment is one of the most important factors that facilitates their professional evolution and influences the method of care provision, quality of care, and patients’ satisfaction. The aim of this study was identified the factors that affect nurses’ perceived organizational commitment. Material and Methods: This qualitative study, conducted on 16 clinical nurses employed in Social Security Hospital of Khorramabad, Iran, during five months from May to September 2015, used deep semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling method was used for the selection of nurses and the data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Lincoln & Guba’s criteria were used to secure data accuracy and stability. Results: Sixteen subcategories, five categories, and three themes were distilled during content analysis process. The abstracted themes included “organizational factors”, “occupational challenges”, and “contributory management”. Conclusion: Our findings showed that numerous factors present in nurses’ profession and work environment may influence the rate of nurses’ interest and commitment in the hospital and the related organization. Hence, nurse managers can foster the promotion of nurses’ organizational commitment through creating the required suitable conditions. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.303-311


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