scholarly journals H. pylori Eradication Treatment Alters Gut Microbiota and GLP-1 Secretion in Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cornejo-Pareja ◽  
Gracia Martín-Núñez ◽  
M. Roca-Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Cardona ◽  
Leticia Coin-Aragüez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
H Pylori

Changes in the intestinal microbial community and some metabolic disturbances, including obesity and type2 diabetes, are related. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates glucose homeostasis. Microbiota have been linked to incretin secretion. Antibiotic use causes changes in microbial diversity and composition. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between microbiota changes and GLP-1 secretion. A prospective case-control study with a Helicobacter pylori-positive patient model involving subjects under eradication therapy (omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin). Forty patients with H. pylori infection and 20 matched participants, but negative for H. pylori antigen. Patients were evaluated before and two months after treatment. We analyzed anthropometric measurements, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (IlluminaMiSeq). Eradication treatment for H. pylori decreased bacterial richness (Chao1, p = 0.041). Changes in gut microbiota profiles were observed at phylum, family, genus and species levels. GLP-1 secretion and variables of carbohydrate metabolism were improved. Correlations were seen between GLP-1 changes and variations within microbial community abundances, specifically Bifidobacterium adolescentis, the Lachnobacterium genus, and Coriobacteriaceae family. A conventional treatment to eradicate H. pylori could improve carbohydrate metabolism possibly in relation with an increase in GLP-1 secretion. GLP-1 secretion may be related to alterations in intestinal microbiota, specifically Lachnobacterium, B. adolescentis and Coriobacteriaceae.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy Affect the Gut Microbiota and Ghrelin Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracia Mª Martín-Núñez ◽  
Isabel Cornejo-Pareja ◽  
Mercedes Clemente-Postigo ◽  
Francisco J. Tinahones ◽  
Isabel Moreno-Indias
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background: Antibiotic therapy used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori has been associated with changes in plasma ghrelin and alterations in the gut microbiota. On the other hand, changes in ghrelin levels have been related to changes in gut microbiota composition. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between changes in the gut microbiota and ghrelin levels in H. pylori infected patients who received antibiotic treatment for its eradication.Methods: A prospective case-control study that included forty H. pylori-positive patients who received eradication therapy (omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin) and twenty healthy H. pylori antigen-negative participants. Patients were evaluated, including clinical, anthropometric and dietary variables, before and 2 months after treatment. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (IlluminaMiSeq).Results: Changes in gut microbiota profiles and decrease in ghrelin levels were identified after H. pylori eradication treatment. Gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Parabacteroides distasonis, and RS045 have been linked to ghrelin levels fasting and/or post meals. Changes in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, its genus Blautia, as well as Prevotella stercorea, and Megasphaera have been inversely associated with changes in ghrelin after eradication treatment.Conclusions: Eradication treatment for H. pylori produces changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and ghrelin levels. The imbalance between lactate producers such as Blautia, and lactate consumers such as Megasphaera, Lachnospiraceae, or Prevotella, could trigger changes related to ghrelin levels under the alteration of the eradication therapy used for H. pylori. In addition, acetate producing bacteria such as B. longum, Bacteroides, and P. distasonis could also play an important role in ghrelin regulation.

scholarly journals On the robustness of inference of association with the gut microbiota in stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Sun ◽  
Xiangzhu Zhu ◽  
Xiang Huang ◽  
Harvey J. Murff ◽  
Reid M. Ness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Functional Profiles

AbstractThe gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease. Stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples have been used in individual studies to survey the microbial community but the consequences of using these different sample types are not completely understood. We previously reported differences in microbial community composition with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing between stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples. Here, we extended the previous study to a larger cohort and performed shotgun metagenome sequencing of 1,397 stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples from 240 participants. Consistent with previous results, taxonomic composition of stool and swab samples was distinct, but still more similar to each other than mucosal tissue samples, which had a substantially different community composition, characterized by a high relative abundance of the mucus metabolizers Bacteroides and Subdoligranulum, as well as bacteria with higher tolerance for oxidative stress such as Escherichia. As has been previously reported, functional profiles were more uniform across sample types than taxonomic profiles with differences between stool and swab samples smaller, but mucosal tissue samples remained distinct from the other two types. When the taxonomic and functional profiles of different sample types were used for inference in association with host phenotypes of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), antibiotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, hypothesis testing using either stool or swab gave broadly similar results, but inference performed on mucosal tissue samples gave results that were generally less consistent with either stool or swab. Our study represents an important resource for the experimental design of studies aimed to understand microbiota perturbations specific to defined micro niches within the human intestinal tract.

scholarly journals Efficacy of fecal sampling as a gut proxy in the study of chicken gut microbiota

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
Jiangxia Zheng ◽  
Chaoliang Wen ◽  
Congliang Ji ◽  
Dexiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Community Membership ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Sampling

AbstractBackgroundDespite the convenience and noninvasiveness of fecal sampling, the fecal microbiota does not fully represent that of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and the efficacy of fecal sampling to accurately represent the gut microbiota in birds is poorly understood. In this study, we aim to identify the efficacy of feces as a gut proxy in birds using chickens as a model. We collected 1,026 samples from 206 chickens, including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and feces samples, for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analyses.ResultsIn this study, the efficacy of feces as a gut proxy was partitioned to microbial community membership and community structure. Most taxa in the small intestine (84.11 – 87.28%) and ceca (99.39%) could be identified in feces. Microbial community membership was reflected with a gut anatomic feature, but community structure was not. Excluding shared microbes, the small intestine and ceca contributed 34.12 and 5.83% of the total fecal members, respectively. The composition of Firmicutes members in the small intestine and that of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria members in the ceca could be well mirrored by the observations in fecal samples (ρ = 0.54 – 0.71 and 0.71 – 0.78, respectively, P < 0.001). However, there were few significant correlations for each genus between feces and each of the 4 gut segments, and these correlations were not high (ρ = −0.2 – 0.4, P < 0.05) for most genera.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence that the good potential of feces to identify most taxa in chicken guts, but it should be interpreted with caution by using feces as a proxy for gut in microbial structure analyses. This work provides insights and future directions regarding the usage of fecal samples in studies of the gut microbiome.

Changes in Carbohydrate Metabolism are Related to Gut Microbiota Modification after H. Pylori Eradication

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 262-LB
Author(s):  
ISABEL CORNEJO-PAREJA ◽  
GRACIA MARÍA MARTIN-NUÑEZ ◽  
M. MAR ROCA-RODRIGUEZ ◽  
ISABEL MORENO-INDIAS ◽  
LAURA VINUELA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
H Pylori

scholarly journals Reversion of Gut Microbiota during the Recovery Phase in Patients with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19: Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Han-Na Kim ◽  
Eun-Jeong Joo ◽  
Chil-Woo Lee ◽  
Kwang-Sung Ahn ◽  
Hyung-Lae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
Negative Conversion

Patients with COVID-19 have been reported to experience gastrointestinal symptoms as well as respiratory symptoms, but the effects of COVID-19 on the gut microbiota are poorly understood. We explored gut microbiome profiles associated with the respiratory infection of SARS-CoV-2 during the recovery phase in patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. A longitudinal analysis was performed using the same patients to determine whether the gut microbiota changed after recovery from COVID-19. We applied 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to analyze two paired fecal samples from 12 patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. Fecal samples were selected at two time points: during SARS-CoV-2 infection (infected state) and after negative conversion of the viral RNA (recovered state). We also compared the microbiome data with those from 36 healthy controls. Microbial evenness of the recovered state was significantly increased compared with the infected state. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced the depletion of Bacteroidetes, while an abundance was observed with a tendency to rapidly reverse in the recovered state. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the infected state was markedly higher than that in the recovered state. Gut dysbiosis was observed after infection even in patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19, while the composition of the gut microbiota was recovered after negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Modifying intestinal microbes in response to COVID-19 might be a useful therapeutic alternative.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the microbial community structure of potable water samples from occupied and unoccupied buildings using16S rRNA amplicon sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimothy L Smith ◽  
Howard A Shuman ◽  
Douglas Findeisen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Oxford Nanopore

AbstractWe conducted two studies of water samples from buildings with normal occupancy and water usage compared to water from buildings that were unoccupied with little or no water usage due to the COVID-19 shutdown. Study 1 had 52 water samples obtained ad hoc from buildings in four metropolitan locations in different states in the US and a range of building types. Study 2 had 36 water samples obtained from two buildings in one metropolitan location with matched water sample types. One of the buildings had been continuously occupied, and the other substantially vacant for approximately 3 months. All water samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing with a MinION from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. More than 127 genera of bacteria were identified, including genera with members that are known to include more than 50 putative frank and opportunistic pathogens. While specific results varied among sample locations, 16S rRNA amplicon abundance and the diversity of bacteria were higher in water samples from unoccupied buildings than normally occupied buildings as was the abundance of sequenced amplicons of genera known to include pathogenic bacterial members. In both studies Legionella amplicon abundance was relatively small compared to the abundance of the other bacteria in the samples. Indeed, when present, the relative abundance of Legionella amplicons was lower in samples from unoccupied buildings. Legionella did not predominate in any of the water samples and were found, on average, in 9.6% of samples in Study 1 and 8.3% of samples in Study 2.SynopsisComparison of microbial community composition in the plumbing of occupied and unoccupied buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Gut Microbiota after H. Pylori Eradication Therapies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINGLING WANG ◽  
Haobin Yao ◽  
Tereasa Tong ◽  
KS Lau ◽  
Suet Yi Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background: Short-term antibiotics exposure is associated with alterations in microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the human gut. While antibiotics are critical in the successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori, the short-term and long-term impacts on the composition and quantity of antibiotics resistance genes after H. pylori eradication is unclear. This study used whole genome shotgun metagenomic of stool samples to characterize the gut microbiota and ARGs, before and after H. pylori eradication therapy. Results: Forty-four H. pylori-infected patients were recruited including 21 treatment naïve patients who received clarithromycin-based triple therapy (CLA group) and 23 patients who failed previous therapies, in which 10 received levofloxacin-based quadruple therapy [LEVO group] and 13 received other combinations [OTHER group] in the current study. Stool samples were collected at baseline (before current treatment), 6-week and 6-month after eradication therapy. At baseline, there was only a slight difference among the three groups on ARGs and gut microbiota. After eradication therapy, there was a transient but significant increase in gut ARGs 6-week post-therapy, among which the LEVO group had the most significant ARGs alteration compared to other two groups. For treatment naïve patients, those with higher ARG richness and ErmF abundance were prone to fail CLA eradication. For gut microbiota, the bacteria richness decreased at 6-week and there was a significant difference in microbiota community among the three groups at 6-week. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the dynamic alterations in gut microbiota and ARGs induced by different eradication therapies, which could influence the choices of antibiotics in eradication therapy.

scholarly journals The impact of probiotics supplementation on gut microbiota after Helicobacter pylori eradication: a multicenter, open-label, randomised trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Tang ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Chuan Tian ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Quadruple Therapy ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Group A ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy may lead to the perturbation of gut microbiota. The role of probiotics in gut microbiota during eradication therapy is still debated. Design: This was a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial done at seven hospitals in China. 162 patients were enrolled, 79 patients were randomly divided into group A (bismuth quadruple therapy), and 83 patients were randomly subjected into group B (bismuth quadruple therapy supplemented with Medilac-S). Faecal samples were collected before treatment and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after eradication therapy. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. This trial is complete and registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900022116). Results: The eradication rates of group A and group B were 82.43% and 87.01%, respectively (P>0.05). Compared with baseline, alpha and beta diversity was significantly altered 2 weeks after eradication in both group A and group B, which was restored at week 8. There were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between the two groups. Bismuth quadruple therapy resulted in enrichment of some detrimental bacteria taxa such as Klebsiella and Streptococcus that were not recovered by week 8. Probiotics supplementation could rapidly restore the taxa levels of Klebsiella and Streptococcus by week 4 after eradication, and increase the beneficial taxa of Bacillus and Lactobacillales. Functional analysis revealed that lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and polymyxin resistance pathways were significantly enriched after eradication therapy, while probiotics supplementation mainly enriched the cofactors and vitamins metabolism pathways. Several detrimental taxa were identified to be correlated with features of older age, alcohol use and high BMI, while probiotics supplementation could effectively restore the adverse impact in patients with these characteristics.Conclusion: Probiotics supplementation is beneficial for patients during H. pylori eradication, especially for patients with older age, alcohol drinking, and obesity, which might obtain the maximum benefits.

scholarly journals The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum BW2013 on The Gut Microbiota in Mice Analyzed by 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
TONG TONG ◽  
XIAOHUI NIU ◽  
QIAN LI ◽  
YUXI LING ◽  
ZUMING LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Medium Dose

Lactobacillus plantarum BW2013 was isolated from the fermented Chinese cabbage. This study aimed to test the effect of this strain on the gut microbiota in BALB/c mice by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The mice were randomly allocated to the control group and three treatment groups of L. plantarum BW2013 (a low-dose group of 108 CFU/ml, a medium-dose group of 109 CFU/ml, and a high-dose group of 1010 CFU/ml). The weight of mice was recorded once a week, and the fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing after 28 days of continuous treatment. Compared with the control group, the body weight gain in the treatment groups was not significant. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis showed that both the Chao1 and ACE indexes increased slightly in the medium-dose group compared to the control group, but the difference was not significant. Based on PCoA results, there was no significant difference in β diversity between the treatment groups. Compared to the control group, the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased in the low-dose group. The abundance of Firmicutes increased in the medium-dose group. At the genus level, the abundance of Alloprevotella increased in the low-dose group compared to the control group. The increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae and decreased abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas was observed in the medium-dose group. Additionally, the abundance of Bacteroides increased, and Alistipes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas decreased in the high-dose group. These results indicated that L. plantarum BW2013 could ameliorate gut microbiota composition, but its effects vary with the dose.

scholarly journals Localization of bacterial communities within gut compartments across Cephalotes turtle ants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Flynn ◽  
Catherine L. D’Amelio ◽  
Jon G. Sanders ◽  
Jacob A. Russell ◽  
Corrie S. Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Caste Differentiation ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Host Phylogeny

Microbial communities within the animal digestive tract often provide important functions for their hosts. The composition of eukaryotes' gut bacteria can be shaped by host diet, vertical bacterial transmission, and physiological variation within the digestive tract. In several ant taxa, recent findings have demonstrated that nitrogen provisioning by symbiotic bacteria makes up for deficiencies in herbivorous diets. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and qPCR, this study examined bacterial communities at a fine scale across one such animal group, the turtle ant genus Cephalotes. We analyzed the composition and colonization density across four portions of the digestive tract to understand how bacterial diversity is structured across gut compartments, potentially allowing for specific metabolic functions of benefit to the host. In addition, we aimed to understand if caste differentiation or host relatedness influences the gut bacterial communities of Cephalotes ants. Microbial communities were found to vary strongly across Cephalotes gut compartments in ways that transcend both caste and host phylogeny. Despite this, caste and host phylogeny still have detectable effects. We demonstrated microbial community divergence across gut compartments, possibly due to the varying function of each gut compartment for digestion. IMPORTANCE Gut compartments play an important role in structuring the microbial community within individual ants. The gut chambers of the turtle ant digestive tract differ remarkably in symbiont abundance and diversity. Furthermore, caste type explains some variation in the microbiome composition. Finally, the evolutionary history of the Cephalotes species structures the microbiome in our study, which elucidates a trend in which related ants maintain related microbiomes, conceivably owing to co-speciation. Amazingly, gut compartment-specific signatures of microbial diversity, relative abundance, composition, and abundance have been conserved over Cephalotes evolutionary history, signifying that this symbiosis has been largely stable for over 50 million years.

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