scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Its Morbidity Following Mass Ivermectin and Albendazole Administration in Mkinga District, North-Eastern Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Fimbo ◽  
Omary M.S. Minzi ◽  
Bruno P. Mmbando ◽  
Abbie Barry ◽  
Alex F. Nkayamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Circulating Filarial Antigens ◽  
North Eastern

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination as public health problem through morbidity management and preventive annual mass drug administration (MDA). This cross-sectional community-based surveillance assessed the prevalence and correlates of LF infection in Mkinga district, Tanga-region, Tanzania. A total of 4115 individuals (49.7% males, 35.2% children) were screened for circulating filarial antigens (CFA), microfilaremia (mf) and disease manifestations in 15 villages between November 2018 and January 2019. MDA uptake in the previous year was assessed. Overall prevalence of CFA-positivity was 5.8% (239/4115; 95% CI: 5.1–6.6), with significant heterogeneity between villages (range 1.2% to 13.5%). CFA-positivity was higher in males (8.8%) than females (3.3%), and correlated with increasing age (p < 0.001). Prevalence of mf among CFA-positives was 5.2%. Only 60% of eligible inhabitants in the study area took MDA in the previous year, and CFA-positivity was 2-fold higher in those who missed MDA (p < 0.0001). Prevalence of scrotal enlargement, hydrocele, arms or legs swelling, lymphoedema and lymphadenopathy was 6.4%, 3.7%, 1.35%, 1.2% and 0.32%, respectively. Compared to baseline data, 16 years of MDA intervention significantly reduced LF transmission and morbidity, although the intended elimination target of <1% mf and <2% antigenemia to level where recrudescence is unlikely to occur by the year 2020 may not be attained. The finding of hotspots with ongoing transmission calls for intensified control measures.

scholarly journals Endemisitas dan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Filariasis di Desa Tegaldowo, Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Putri Septyarini ◽  
Praba Ginandjar ◽  
Lintang Dian Saraswati ◽  
Bagoes Widjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Know How

Abstract Lymphatic filariasis is still a public health problem in Pekalongan District. Previous research revealed that there was ongoing filariasis transmission in Tegaldowo village. For that reason, there was a need for further research. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of filariasis and community knowledge regarding this disease. This research used a descriptive cross-sectional research design conducted in June-August 2017 in Tegaldowo Village, Pekalongan District. This study involved 100 participants. The sample was selected using simple random sampling. The prevalence of infection in this village was 7%. The results showed that 69.0% of the community did not know the cause of filariasis, did not know the type of mosquito that transmit microfilariae (52.0%) and did not know how to prevent filariasis infection (97%). It is recommended that health workers increase the knowledge of people in Tegaldowo village to succeed filariasis elimination program. Keywords : endemicity, knowledge, filariasis, pekalongan Abstrak Filariasis limfatik masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian sebelumnya mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat transmisi filariasis di desa Tegaldowo. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi filariasis berserta pengetahuan masyarakat terkait penyakit ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2017 di Desa Tegaldowo, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 100 peserta. Sampel dipilih menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa 7% responden positif mikrofilaria dalam sampel darah mereka. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan 69,0% dari masyarakat tidak tahu penyebab filariasis (69,0%), tidak tahu jenis nyamuk yang menularkan mikrofilaria (52,0%), dan tidak tahu bagaimana mencegah penyakit filariasis (97%). Disarankan bagi petugas kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat di Desa Tegaldowo untuk mensukseskan program eliminasi filariasis. Kata kunci: endemisitas, pengetahuan, filariasis, pekalongan

scholarly journals Water, sanitation, and hygiene as a priority intervention for stunting in under-five children in northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayechew Ademas ◽  
Metadel Adane ◽  
Awoke Keleb ◽  
Gete Berihun ◽  
Getu Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Abstract Background Stunting was a significant public health problem for under-five in developing countries including Ethiopia. Globally, it was estimated 21.9% or 149 million (81.7 million in Asia and 58.8 million in Africa) under-five children stunted in 2018. In East Africa, 24 million are stunted which is the highest-burden from African regions. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting and its association with Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in northwestern Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 630 participants from December to mid-January 2019. From five kebeles, two were selected by a simple random sampling technique for the study. To reach study participants a systematic sampling technique was used. Data were collected by using an observational checklist, pretested questionnaire, and anthropometric measurement. Anthropometric indicator, height-for-age was determined using the current World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to analyze the data. From the multivariable analysis the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and P-value < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Result The prevalence of stunting among under-five children was 35.6% (95%CI; 31.9–39.5%). The result from this study showed that having illiterate father and mother, give birth before marriage (single), large family size, short maternal height, unimproved drinking water source, unimproved sanitation, poor hygienic practice, having diarrhea in the previous 2 weeks before the data collection, method of child feeding, age at which complementary feeding started, frequency of feeding, not deworming and mothers who had antenatal care visit of fewer than three times were statistically associated with stunting. Conclusion In this study, stunting was an important public health problem among under-five children. It remains the same as the national average prevalence of Ethiopia. To alleviate this problem proper family planning utilization, good dietary intake, maternal and paternal education, and WASH interventions are critical.

scholarly journals Filariasis Limfatik di Kelurahan Pabean Kota Pekalongan

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Tri Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Clinical Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Filariasis limfatik masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, khususnya di Kota Pekalongan. Hal ini ditandai dengan semakin meningkatnya angka mikrofilaria dan perluasan daerah dengan kasus filariasis limfatik.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui situasi filariasis limfatik diKelurahan Pabean Kota Pekalongan. Penelitian ini meliputi penduduk dan agent, dalam periode sekitar enam bulan (Juli-Desember 2007) dengan disain studi cross sectional. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis, survei darah jari dan identifikasi parasit penyebab filariasis limfatik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan angka mikrofilaria (3,4) angka kesakitan akut filaria (0,4 %) yang tinggi, tetapi angka kesakitan kronis filaria rendah (0,00 %). Parasit penyebabfilariasis di Kelurahan Pabean adalah jenis Wuchereria bancrofti dengan kepadatan rerata mikrofilaria yang tinggi. Pengendalian filariasis limfatik di Kelurahan Pabean perlu dilakukan dengan pengobatan massal dan perubahan perilaku masyarakat.Kata kunci : Filariasis limfatik, kelurahan pabean, mikrofilaria.AbstractLymphatic filariasis is still being a public health problem in Indonesia, especially in Pekalongan district. This problem marked by the increasing rate of microfilaria and areas with lymphatic filariasis. The aim of this study is to know the epidemiologic situation of lymphatic filariasis in Pabean village Pekalongan district. The research was a cross-sectional design and covered host and agent within the period of July-Desember 2007. Data were collected through clinical survey of acute and chronic filariasis symptoms, blood survey and identification of lymphatic filariasis parasite. The result showed that microfilaremia rate was 3,4%, acute disease rate (ADR) 0,4 % and the chronic disease rate (CDR) 0,00 %. The average of microfilaria density in 1 ml blood was 465,63. Based onmicrofilaremia identification in the blood, the lymphatic filariasis agent in Pabean village is Wuchereria bancrofti type. Lymphatic filariasis control in Pabean village need to focused on Mass Drug Administration (MDA) and community behavior for healthy life.Key words : Lymphatic filariasis, pabean village, microfilaria.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP SIKAP KEPALA KELUARGA TENTANG PENYAKIT FILARIASIS DI RW 02 KAMPUNG DUSUN PUSAKA KECAMATAN PUSAKO KABUPATEN SIAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Rifa Yanti ◽  
Fitra Mayenti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Goal ◽  
Health Organization

Latar Belakang : Filariasis salah satu jenis penyakit yang mendapat perhatian khusus di dunia kesehatan, lebih dari 1(satu) miliar penduduk dunia memiliki risiko menderita filariasis dan lebih dari 120 juta orang dari 80 negara telah terinfeksi filariasis. WHO (World Health Organization) mencanangkan kesepakatan global untuk memberantas penyakit filariasis dengan The Global Goal of Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis as Public Health Problem by the Year 2020       (WHO, 2010). Pada tahun 2003, penyakit filariasis di Indonesia dilaporkan sebanyak 6.571 kasus. Pada tahun 2007 dijumpai 11.473 kasus dan pada tahun 2008 terdapat 11.699 kasus kemudian meningkat menjadi 11.914 kasus pada tahun 2009. Hampir ribuan desa di 26 provinsi di Indonesia dinyatakan endemis. (Kemenkes  RI,  2010). Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh dukungan keluarga dengan sikap kepala keluarga tentang penyakit filariasis di RW 02 Kampung Dusun Pusaka Kecamatan Pusako Kabupaten Siak. Metode penelitian kuantitatif observational dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan angket dan dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dari 116 repsonden, 62.1% dukungan keluarga baik dan 37.9% dukungan keluarga kurang baik, dan sikap kepala keluarga 60,3% positif dan 39,7%  sikap responden negatif. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga terhadap sikap kepala keluarga tentang penyakit filariasis (p.Value = 0,00). Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar lebih aktif menggiatkan serta memberikan penyuluhan tentang penyakit filariasis khususnya di RW 02.

scholarly journals Emerging Nutritional Problem of Adult Population: Overweight/Obesity and Associated Factors in Addis Ababa City Communities, Ethiopia—A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tsedeke Wolde Hailemariam ◽  
Samrawit Solomon Ethiopia ◽  
Andamlak Gizaw Alamdo ◽  
Haimanot Ewnetu Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Obesity is an emerging public health problem in developing countries. There is limited study conducted in Ethiopia to determine the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among adult population. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of overweight/obesity and the associated factors among adults aged 25–64 years in Addis Ababa city community residents, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 10, 2017, to May 20, 2017, in Addis Ababa. A total of 512 adults were recruited. A two-stage cluster followed by a systematic random sampling technique was used for sample selection. Data were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% CI was reported to show the strength of association. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 484 adults participated in the study with a response rate of 94.5%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among study participants was found to be 99 (21.5%) and 14 (2.9%), respectively. Males were 90% less likely to be obese when compared to females (AOR = 0.10 (95% CI: 0.01–0.84)). Illiterate people were 94% less likely to be obese compared to those who were literate people (AOR = 0.06 (95% CI: 0.01–0.44)). Nonhypertensive individuals were 86% less likely to be obese when compared to hypertensive (AOR = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.03–0.69)). Conclusion. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be considerably high in Addis Ababa city residents compared to the national figure. Being female, literate, and presence of hypertension are independent predictors of overweight/obesity in the study population. Thus, the concerned bodies should initiate efforts to tackle the newly emerging public health problem of the country and promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in the inhabitants of city settings.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 Causing Diarrhoea in Children at District Khairpur

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Samina Jatoi ◽  
Sham Lal ◽  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Abdul Majid Ansari ◽  
Safdar Ali Ujjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Aim: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, levels of antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production by Escherichia coli O157: H7. Methodology: A cross sectional study was performed and a total of 116 stool samples were collected from children aged ≤ 5 years presenting diarrhoea from hospital located at district Khairpur. E. coli O157: H7 was isolated on Sorbitol MacConkey agar and isolates were initially characterized by Gram staining. Subsequently biochemical characteristics except oxidase test (which was performed manually) and drug sensitivity test was performed by using Automated MicroScan® walkaway machine. ESBL production by isolates was determined by disc diffusion method as per Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Out of 116 diarrheal samples tested, 16 (13.79%) samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7. High number of E. coli O157: H7 were isolated from children aged up to 1 year followed by 2-3 years aged. Isolates were frequently found in summer season (12 times) followed by winter (3 times) and Autumn (1 time). The isolates were found 100% resistant against Nalidixic acid, Imipenem, Amoxycillin /Clavulanic Acid, Norfloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin, Doxycycline, and Ampicillin and 90% resistant to Cifixime. ESBL production was noted in 12 (75%) out of 16 E. coli O157:H7 isolates as confirmed by CLSI protocol. Conclusion: This study revealed that E. coli O157: H7 should be considered as major pathogenic bacterium causing diarrhea in children less than three years. The prevalence of ESBL producer MDR E. coli O157: H7 is of great concern, which requires monitoring of infection control measures through efficient antimicrobial management to ensure an uncompromised public health.

scholarly journals The awareness of neglected tropical diseases in a sample of medical and nursing students in Cairo University, Egypt: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0008826
Author(s):  
Eman Elfar ◽  
Noha Asem ◽  
Hanaa Yousof
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of chronic diseases affecting 1.2 billion people worldwide, with more burden in the developing communities. Improving awareness about NTDs is a powerful affordable long-term intervention for infection control. In literature, there is a limited number of studies in the developing countries assessing the awareness of healthcare providers regarding these diseases. The present study aimed at assessing the awareness of a sample of Cairo University medical and nursing students regarding NTDs. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 184 medical and nursing students in Cairo University. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire in English language with an estimated completion time of 15 minutes was used for evaluation. It included question categories which cover the knowledge about NTDs and control measures as well as the willingness to participate in NTDs control activities. Content analysis was performed on the materials and specifications of the epidemiology course given to medical and nursing students. Out of the study participants, 26% knew the meaning of NTDs. The main source of their knowledge was social media followed by the epidemiology course. A percentage of 33% of the students agreed that NTDs are of public health importance in Egypt. Thirty four percent of the participants expressed their willingness to participate in control activities for NTDs. Comparing medical and nursing students, a higher percentage of the nursing students stated that NTDs are causing a public health problem in Egypt with a statistically significant difference (P value < 0.001), while a statistically significant higher percentage of medical students believed that the awareness level regarding NTDs in Egypt is low (P value = 0.002). Cairo University medical and nursing students in this study showed a gap in the level of knowledge regarding NTDs and their control activities which represents a great threat to the control of these diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Stunting and Its Associated Factors among Children of 6–59 Months in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS), Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Biruk Bogale ◽  
Befikadu Tariku Gutema ◽  
Yilma Chisha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surveillance Site

Introduction. Child stunting, which is a chronic length or height growth deficit, has been a devastating public health problem in developing countries. In Ethiopia, stunting remains severe public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of stunting and its associated factors among children of 6–59 months. Methods. The community-based cross sectional study was conducted in the Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Southern Ethiopia. The simple random sampling method was used to recruit 656 mother-child pairs. Height for age Z score was computed using WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 software. Multivariable logistic regression model was fitted, and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at p value <0.05 was used to determine statistically significant association between predictors and outcome variable. Result. The prevalence of stunting among children of 6–59 months in the study area was 47.9% (95% CI; 44.0–51.7). The likelihood of stunting was significantly higher among children who live in households with medium (AOR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.43–3.37) and poor (AOR 2.87, 95% CI: 1.72–4.81) wealth status. In addition, children who were not exclusively breast fed (AOR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.07–2.24), whose mothers had not participated in decision of major household purchases (AOR 2.27, 95% CI: 1.21–4.26), and whose mothers lacked decision on freedom of mobility (AOR 1.96, 95% CI: 1.05–3.66) were significantly stunted compared with counterparts. Conclusion. Stunting is a severe public health problem in the area. Therefore, efforts should be taken to enhance maternal empowerment, household wealth, and infant and young child feeding practice for reducing stunting among children.

Seroprevalence of human brucellosis in rural endemic areas in eastern Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhat Vancelik ◽  
Asuman Guraksin ◽  
Ahmet Ayyildiz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rose Bengal Test ◽  
The Rose

In this cross-sectional, community-based study, sera were obtained from 573 subjects. Brucella seropositivity was detected in 5.4% according to the standard tube agglutination test, rising to 11.9% when the Rose-Bengal test was used. Brucellosis is a serious public health problem in eastern Tur key.

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