scholarly journals Coastal Phytoplankton Pigments Composition in Three Tropical Estuaries of Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ario Damar ◽  
Franciscus Colijn ◽  
Karl-Juergen Hesse ◽  
Fery Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pigment Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Phytoplankton Pigments ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Phytoplankton Pigment ◽  
Tropical Estuaries ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Phytoplankton Group

In this study, the composition and distribution of phytoplankton pigments and its relation to nutrients and light was investigated, and an elaboration of using it as a proxy for phytoplankton group composition followed, in different nutrient-level tropical bays of Indonesia. Phytoplankton pigment analysis by using High Performance Liquid Chromatographer (HPLC) resulted in a set of pigments of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), chlorophyll-b (Chl-b), chlorophyll-c (Chl-c), lutein, zeaxanthin, fucoxanthin, peridinin, diadinoxanthin, and ß-carotene. Linear multi regression and multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) showed that algae pigments correlate positively with nutrients and are not significantly correlated with underwater light and water transparency, suggesting important roles of nutrients for phytoplankton development in tropical estuaries. There were differences in total algae pigment concentration between bays (p < 0.005), showing that the eutrophic system of Jakarta Bay was the highest (mean of 10.55 μg L−1), Lampung Bay was the second highest (mean of 3.37 μg L−1), and the lowest were the oligotrophic waters of Semangka Bay (mean of 0.80 μg L−1). At all bays studied, high nutrient sites, which were located in the river mouths and inner part of the bay, were always characterized by high phytoplankton pigment concentration. Pigment composition had a high correlation with phytoplankton composition: diatoms with fucoxanthin, dinoflagellates with peridinin and Chl-c, and Chlorophyceae with Chl-b and lutein. This conformity suggests that algae pigments can be used as a biomarker for phytoplankton group determination along with microscopic species identification.

Characterization of the photoautotrophic algal and bacterial communities in a large, shallow, subtropical lake using HPLC-PDA based pigment analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D Steinman ◽  
Karl E Havens ◽  
J William Louda ◽  
Nancy M Winfree ◽  
Earl W Baker
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Open Water ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Lake Okeechobee ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Pigment abundances of the oxygenic and anoxygenic photoautotrophic communities from sediments and the water column in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, were estimated using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and photodiode array (PDA) UV/VIS (350-800 nm) spectrophotometric analyses. Thirty lipophilic pigments were identified and measured in the samples, with the most abundant overall (sediment and open-water samples combined) being chlorophyll a (38.1%), fucoxanthin (12.6%), pheophytin a (7.6%), zeaxanthin (6.6%), and pyropheophytin a (3.6%). Relative abundance of chlorophyll a was greater in the water column than in the sediments (58.3 versus 24.3% of all pigments) whereas pheophytin a comprised 9.1% of the total pigments in the sediments but only 3.7% of the total pigments in the water column. Principal component analysis (PCA) separated the sediment samples from those collected in the water column; this discrimination appears to be a function of pigment integrity in that sediment assemblages had much greater relative abundances of degraded pigments. Different regions of the lake were weakly separated by PCA based on pigments. The relatively weak degree of separation may reflect the overwhelming abundance of chlorophyll a at all sites. Overall, the pigment assemblage in Lake Okeechobee suggests cyanobacteria-diatom dominance. Out of 65 sampling events, pigments from anoxygenic photoautotrophs (e.g., bacteriochlorophylls) were detected 17 times but accounted for >20% of total chlorophyll only five times. Bacteriochlorophylls were observed only in the sediments and were most abundant during June and September, when winds were calm and temperatures warm, and at relatively shallow sites.

scholarly journals Diazotrophic <i>Trichodesmium</i> impact on UV–Vis radiance and pigment composition in the western tropical South Pacific

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 5249-5269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Dupouy ◽  
Robert Frouin ◽  
Marc Tedetti ◽  
Morgane Maillard ◽  
Martine Rodier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Underwater Vision

Abstract. We assessed the influence of the marine diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium on the bio-optical properties of western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) waters (18–22∘ S, 160∘ E–160∘ W) during the February–March 2015 OUTPACE cruise. We performed measurements of backscattering and absorption coefficients, irradiance, and radiance in the euphotic zone with a Satlantic MicroPro free-fall profiler and took Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UPV5) pictures for counting the largest Trichodesmium spp. colonies. Pigment concentrations were determined by fluorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography and picoplankton abundance by flow cytometry. Trichome concentration was estimated from pigment algorithms and validated by surface visual counts. The abundance of large colonies counted by the UVP5 (maximum 7093 colonies m−3) was well correlated to the trichome concentrations (maximum 2093 trichomes L−1) with an aggregation factor of 600. In the Melanesian archipelago, a maximum of 4715 trichomes L−1 was enumerated in pump samples (3.2 m) at 20∘ S, 167 30∘ E. High Trichodesmium abundance was always associated with absorption peaks of mycosporine-like amino acids (330, 360 nm) and high particulate backscattering, but not with high Chl a fluorescence or blue particulate absorption (440 nm). Along the west-to-east transect, Trichodesmium together with Prochlorococcus represented the major part of total chlorophyll concentration; the contribution of other groups were relatively small or negligible. The Trichodesmium contribution to total chlorophyll concentration was the highest in the Melanesian archipelago around New Caledonia and Vanuatu (60 %), progressively decreased to the vicinity of the islands of Fiji (30 %), and reached a minimum in the South Pacific Gyre where Prochlorococcus dominated chlorophyll concentration. The contribution of Trichodesmium to zeaxanthin was respectively 50, 40 and 20 % for these regions. During the OUTPACE cruise, the relationship between normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw) in the ultraviolet and visible and chlorophyll concentration was similar to that found during the BIOSOPE cruise in the eastern tropical Pacific. Principal component analysis (PCA) of OUTPACE data showed that nLw at 305, 325, 340, 380, 412 and 440 nm was strongly correlated to chlorophyll and zeaxanthin, while nLw at 490 and 565 nm exhibited lower correlations. These results, as well as differences in the PCA of BIOSOPE data, indicated that nLw variability in the greenish blue and yellowish green during OUTPACE was influenced by other variables associated with Trichodesmium presence, such as backscattering coefficient, phycoerythrin fluorescence and/or zeaxanthin absorption, suggesting that Trichodesmium detection should involve examination of nLw in this spectral domain.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing of Phytoplankton Pigments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqing Wang ◽  
John Moisan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Phytoplankton Pigments ◽  
Ocean Color Remote Sensing ◽  
Phytoplankton Pigment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Satellite Ocean Color

Pigments, as a vital part of phytoplankton, act as the light harvesters and protectors in the process of photosynthesis. Historically, most of the previous studies have been focused on chlorophyll a, the primary light harvesting pigment. With the advances in technologies, especially High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and satellite ocean color remote sensing, recent studies promote the importance of the phytoplankton accessory pigments. In this chapter, we will overview the technology advances in phytoplankton pigment identification, the history of ocean color remote sensing and its application in retrieving phytoplankton pigments, and the existing challenges and opportunities for future studies in this field.

The Utilization of Ftir (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) Method Combined with Chemometrics For Authentication of Indonesian Coffee Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmansyah A. ◽  
Winingsih W. ◽  
Soebara Y S
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Analysis of natural product remain challenging issues for analytical chemist, since natural products are complicated system of mixture. The most popular methods of choice used for quality control of raw material and finished product are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The utilization of FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance) method in natural product analysis is still limited. This study attempts to expand the use of FTIR spectroscopy in authenticating Indonesian coffee powder.The coffee samples studied were taken from nine regions in Indonesia, namely Aceh Gayo, Flores, Kintamani, Mandheling, Papua, Sidikalang, Toraja, Kerinci and Lampung.The samples in the form of coffee bean from various regions were powdered . The next step conducted was to determine the spectrum using the FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) using ZnSe crystal of 8000 resolution. Spectrum samples, then, were analyzed using chemometrics. The utilized chemometric model was the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Based on the chemometric analysis, there are similarities between Aceh Gayo coffee with Toraja coffee, Mandailing coffee, Kintamani coffee and Flores coffee. Sidikalang coffee has a similarity to Flores coffee; Papua coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee; Lampung coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee, while Kerinci coffee has a similarity to Papua coffee.

scholarly journals Adsorption Mechanism of Patulin from Apple Juice by Inactivated Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kefir Grains

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Pascaline Bahati ◽  
Xuejun Zeng ◽  
Ferdinand Uzizerimana ◽  
Ariunsaikhan Tsoggerel ◽  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Kefir Grains

In the food industry, microbiological safety is a major concern. Mycotoxin patulin represents a potential health hazard, as it is heat-resistant and may develop at any stage during the food chain, especially in apple-based products, leading to severe effects on human health, poor quality products, and profit reductions. The target of the study was to identify and characterize an excellent adsorbent to remove patulin from apple juice efficiently and to assess its adsorption mechanism. To prevent juice fermentation and/or contamination, autoclaving was involved to inactivate bacteria before the adsorption process. The HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) outcome proved that all isolated strains from kefir grains could reduce patulin from apple juice. A high removal of 93% was found for juice having a 4.6 pH, 15° Brix, and patulin concentration of 100 μg/L by Lactobacillus kefiranofacien, named JKSP109, which was morphologically the smoothest and biggest of all isolates in terms of cell wall volume and surface area characterized by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). C=O, OH, C–H, and N–O were the main functional groups engaged in patulin adsorption indicated by FTIR (Fourier transform–infrared). E-nose (electronic nose) was performed to evaluate the aroma quality of the juices. PCA (Principal component analysis) results showed that no significant changes occurred between control and treated juice.

scholarly journals A Novel Validated Injectable Colistimethate Sodium Analysis Combining Advanced Chemometrics and Design of Experiments

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1546
Author(s):  
Ioanna Dagla ◽  
Anthony Tsarbopoulos ◽  
Evagelos Gikas
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Colistimethate Sodium

Colistimethate sodium (CMS) is widely administrated for the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Until now, the quality control of CMS formulations has been based on microbiological assays. Herein, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detector methodology was developed for the quantitation of CMS in injectable formulations. The design of experiments was performed for the optimization of the chromatographic parameters. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a Waters Acquity BEH C8 column employing gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of (A) 0.001 M aq. ammonium formate and (B) methanol/acetonitrile 79/21 (v/v). CMS compounds were detected at 214 nm. In all, 23 univariate linear-regression models were constructed to measure CMS compounds separately, and one partial least-square regression (PLSr) model constructed to assess the total CMS amount in formulations. The method was validated over the range 100–220 μg mL−1. The developed methodology was employed to analyze several batches of CMS injectable formulations that were also compared against a reference batch employing a Principal Component Analysis, similarity and distance measures, heatmaps and the structural similarity index. The methodology was based on freely available software in order to be readily available for the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Grill Workers Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Levels and Excretion Profiles of the Urinary Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Marta Oliveira ◽  
Sílvia Capelas ◽  
Cristina Delerue-Matos ◽  
Simone Morais
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Grilling activities release large amounts of hazardous pollutants, but information on restaurant grill workers’ exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is almost inexistent. This study assessed the impact of grilling emissions on total workers’ exposure to PAHs by evaluating the concentrations of six urinary biomarkers of exposure (OHPAHs): naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene. Individual levels and excretion profiles of urinary OHPAHs were determined during working and nonworking periods. Urinary OHPAHs were quantified by high-performance liquid-chromatography with fluorescence detection. Levels of total OHPAHs (∑OHPAHs) were significantly increased (about nine times; p ≤ 0.001) during working comparatively with nonworking days. Urinary 1-hydroxynaphthalene + 1-hydroxyacenapthene and 2-hydroxyfluorene presented the highest increments (ca. 23- and 6-fold increase, respectively), followed by 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (ca. 2.3 times) and 1-hydroxypyrene (ca. 1.8 times). Additionally, 1-hydroxypyrene levels were higher than the benchmark, 0.5 µmol/mol creatinine, in 5% of exposed workers. Moreover, 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, biomarker of exposure to carcinogenic PAHs, was detected in 13% of exposed workers. Individual excretion profiles showed a cumulative increase in ∑OHPAHs during consecutive working days. A principal component analysis model partially discriminated workers’ exposure during working and nonworking periods showing the impact of grilling activities. Urinary OHPAHs were increased in grill workers during working days.

scholarly journals Metabolomics for Biomarker Discovery: Key Signatory Metabolic Profiles for the Identification and Discrimination of Oat Cultivars

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Chanel J. Pretorius ◽  
Fidele Tugizimana ◽  
Paul A. Steenkamp ◽  
Lizelle A. Piater ◽  
Ian A. Dubery
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Leaves And Roots

The first step in crop introduction—or breeding programmes—requires cultivar identification and characterisation. Rapid identification methods would therefore greatly improve registration, breeding, seed, trade and inspection processes. Metabolomics has proven to be indispensable in interrogating cellular biochemistry and phenotyping. Furthermore, metabolic fingerprints are chemical maps that can provide detailed insights into the molecular composition of a biological system under consideration. Here, metabolomics was applied to unravel differential metabolic profiles of various oat (Avena sativa) cultivars (Magnifico, Dunnart, Pallinup, Overberg and SWK001) and to identify signatory biomarkers for cultivar identification. The respective cultivars were grown under controlled conditions up to the 3-week maturity stage, and leaves and roots were harvested for each cultivar. Metabolites were extracted using 80% methanol, and extracts were analysed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (qTOF) high-definition mass spectrometer analytical platform. The generated data were processed and analysed using multivariate statistical methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) models were computed for both leaf and root data, with PCA score plots indicating cultivar-related clustering of the samples and pointing to underlying differential metabolic profiles of these cultivars. Further multivariate analyses were performed to profile differential signatory markers, which included carboxylic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds (hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, and associated derivatives) and flavonoids, among the respective cultivars. Based on the key signatory metabolic markers, the cultivars were successfully distinguished from one another in profiles derived from both leaves and roots. The study demonstrates that metabolomics can be used as a rapid phenotyping tool for cultivar differentiation.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton community composition in the south-eastern Black Sea determined with pigments measured by HPLC-CHEMTAX analyses and microscopy cell counts

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertugrul Agirbas ◽  
Ali Muzaffer Feyzioglu ◽  
Ulgen Kopuz ◽  
Carole A. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
Coastal Station ◽  
Chl A ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Offshore Station

The phytoplankton community structure and abundance in the south-eastern Black Sea was measured from February to December 2009 using and comparing high performance liquid chromatography pigment and microscopy analyses. The phytoplankton community was characterized by diatoms, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores, as revealed by both techniques. Fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, peridinin and 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin were the main accessory pigments showing significant correlation with diatom-C r2 = 0.56–0.71, P < 0.05), diatom-C (r2 = 0.85–0.91, P < 0.001), dinoflagellate-C (r2 = 0.39–0.88, P < 0.05) and coccolithophore-C (r2 = 0.80–0.71, P < 0.05), respectively. Microscopy counts indicated a total of 89 species, 71% of which were dinoflagellates, 23% were diatoms and 6% other species (mainly coccolithophores). Pigment-CHEMTAX analysis also indicated the presence of pico- and nanoplankton. Phytoplankton carbon (phyto-C) concentrations were highest in the upper water column, whereas chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) showed a deep maximum. Average phyto-C was higher at the coastal station (291 ± 66 µg l−1) than at the offshore station (258 ± 35 µg l−1), not statistically different (P > 0.05). The coastal station also had higher Chl-a concentrations (0.52–3.83 µg l−1) compared to the offshore station (0.63–2.55 µg l−1), not significant (P > 0.05). Our results are consistent with other studies and indicate that the southern Black Sea is shifting towards mesotrophy with the increasing prevalence of dinoflagellates compared to diatoms.

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